Ban Zhao's family background, especially good at literary talent. Her father Ban Biao is a great contemporary writer, and Ban Zhao himself is often called into the palace to teach the queen and.

Nobles read classics and history, and the palace respects teachers. Zhao Fu, a female writer in Qing Dynasty, "continued the history of coming to the East, praising but refined". Ban Zhao married Uncle Cao in the same county at the age of fourteen, so people called Ban Zhao "Cao Dajia". As far as personality is concerned, Uncle Cao is lively and outgoing, and Ban Zhao is gentle and delicate. The couple can accommodate each other and live a very happy life. Ban Zhao's literary talent is first manifested in helping his brother Ban Gu to fix Hanshu, which is the first biographical chronology of China and a good official history. People praised it for its good writing and materials, and it is as famous as Historical Records. Books are divided into several categories: Ji, Chuan, Biao and Zhi. When Ban Zhao's father Ban Biao started writing this book. After her father died, her brother Bangu continued to finish the work. Ban Gu, a Chinese character, can write at the age of nine, a little older. He has read a lot of books, and a hundred words are inexhaustible. Unexpectedly, when he was about to finish Hanshu, he died in prison because of the Dou Xian case. Ban Zhao learned from these mistakes, took over the work of his dead brother and moved on. Fortunately, when Ban Gu was alive, Ban Zhao participated in the compilation of the whole book. Later, with the permission of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he could go to Dongguan Library to consult ancient books, so he wrote it with ease. When Ban Zhao was forty years old, he finally finished Hanshu. Ban Zhao mainly lived in the era of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, who died shortly after Ban Chao's death. Liu Yuxin Longsheng was born only100th day, and he was the heir to the throne of the Han Dynasty. Queen Deng is in charge of the court. In less than half a year, the Shang emperor died again, so he made Liu Hu, the king of Qinghe, the heir to the thirteen-year-old Han An emperor, and Empress Deng was still in charge of the court. The emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty were short-lived. Only Liu Xiuhuo, the founding Guangwu Emperor, died at the age of sixty-two, followed by Emperor Hanming at the age of forty-eight and Zhang Han at the age of thirty-one. Many others were under twenty, including a large number of doll emperors, resulting in the situation of consorts' exclusive rights. Empress Deng came to power as the hostess, and Ban Zhao participated in confidential affairs as the host, being as loyal as possible in spirit. Deng Zhi, the elder brother of Empress Dowager Cixi, assisted the general in military affairs and was highly regarded. Later, when his mother died, Empress Dowager Cixi hesitated and asked Ban Zhao. Ban Zhao believes: "It is the right time for the general to retire after his success; Otherwise, the border disaster will happen again. If it is later, it will be famous all over the world. Is it not a waste of water? " Empress Deng thought it was reasonable and approved Deng Wu's request. Empress Dowager Cixi mourned for Ban Zhao's plain clothes when he passed away over the age of seventy. Ban Zhao was a knowledgeable, virtuous and virtuous woman in ancient China. She is a historian, writer and politician. She has a son and a daughter in the Cao family. Her son's name is Cao Cheng, and his name is Zigu. After Empress Dowager Deng came to power, Ban Zhao began to participate in politics and made a lot of efforts. Therefore, Cao Cheng was appointed as Shanhaiguan Hou, and his official position was Ping. After Ban Zhao's death, the Empress Dowager personally mourned for the teacher who had been in plain clothes for many years, and was supervised by the emissary. After her death, she also got the honor she deserved. Ban Zhao Crater on Venus is named after her.

Edit the main works of this paragraph

After the publication of Hanshu, it was highly praised by scholars. The most difficult part of Hanshu is the seventh table, Guan Bai Gong Qing table, and the sixth record, Tian Wenzhi. These two parts were independently completed by Ban Zhao after the death of his brother Ban Gu, but Ban Zhao humbly crowned his brother Ban Gu's name. Ban Zhao is very knowledgeable. At that time, Ma Rong, a great scholar, knelt outside the Dongguan Library to listen to Ban Zhao's explanation in order to ask Ban Zhao for advice! Besides the Han Dynasty, she also wrote 16 poems, including ode, title, obituary, elegy, books and papers. The original set has three volumes, most of which are lost. Ban Zhao's Ode to the Eastern Expedition was compiled into Selected Works by Prince Zhaoming Xiaotong, and it has been preserved to this day. Shan Li quoted "Everyone's Collection" and said: "Zi Gu is Chen Liuchang, and everyone went to the palace to write" The Crusade to the East ". Liu Bielun is quoted as saying: "From sending Luo to leaving Chen, the experience is also recorded. Zheng Dong Fu is Ban Zhao's personal experience when he accompanied his son to work in Chenliu. He also made a note for Ban Gu's You Tong Fu, which is now included in Shan Li's note in Selected Works.

The main achievements of editing this paragraph

Ban Zhao's main achievement is that she inherited the unfinished business of her father Ban Biao and her brother Ban Gu, sorted out and finally finished the important history book Hanshu. Hanshu is a historical masterpiece that continues Shiji, and it is the first biographical chronology in China, with a total of 100 articles and 120 volumes. Due to the death of Sima Qian, the records of Historical Records ended in the early years of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. Although it was written later, Ban Biao thought that "no matter how vulgar it is, it is not enough to follow his book". He collected historical materials and wrote more than 60 biographies, aiming to fill in the part of "I was absent from the beginning and didn't record it", but he died before he finished writing. His son Ban Gu followed his stepfather's footsteps, sorted out his father's legacy, and lamented that his "previous history is unknown", so he began to write a Ban Zhao (including the whole history of the Western Han Dynasty) that started with Gao Zu's pioneering work and ended with Wang Mang's downfall.

Hanshu. Later, he was accused of "changing the history of the country without permission" and was arrested and imprisoned. Ban Chao, the younger brother, went to Luoyang to write a letter, but fortunately, he was summoned and Ben was exonerated, which was called the history of Lantai. After more than 20 years' efforts, Ban Gu arrived in the first year of Han Yongyuan (AD 89). Just as this masterpiece was about to be completed, he was ordered to attack the Huns from General Dou Xian to protect the army. After Dou Xian was killed beyond his authority, Ban Gu was implicated and died in prison. "Hanshu" was not completed, and the manuscript was lost. Fortunately, Emperor Han and Emperor Han knew that Ban Zhao was a well-read woman, so they called her to the Royal Dongguan Library to continue studying Hanshu. Zhao is the last wish of his stepfather and brother, and he is very happy to be called that. After years of tireless reading of a large number of history books in the library, sorting out the scattered chapters left by my father and brother, eight tables were added on the basis of the original manuscript: the prince with different surnames, the prince's table, the Hao Chieh Kao's table, the hero's table in Jing Xuanyuan, the consort's kind table, the official's table and the official's rich table. At this point, this complete Hanshu, after 40 years of compilation, was finally completed. Although it was written by four people, it reads harmoniously. In addition to sorting out and continuing to write Hanshu, Ban Zhao also made great contributions to the dissemination and popularization of Hanshu. After the publication of Hanshu, many readers were not familiar with it. She also taught Ma Rong, a great scholar, to read. Ban Zhao's moral integrity was highly valued by Han and Emperor, and she was called into the palace many times, which made the queen and concubines worship her as a teacher and learn from her classics, astronomy and mathematics, which made Ban Zhao famous. When Ban Zhao's husband's surname was Cao, people addressed her as "Cao Dajia" (at that time, people called women with high knowledge and good moral character "everyone"; "Home" studies here. ) After the Empress Dowager Deng lived in the imperial court, Ban Zhao once participated in the discussion of state affairs with his master's respect. In addition to his great achievements in compiling Hanshu in history, Ban Zhao was an outstanding writer, who wrote 65,438+06 pieces of fu, fu, name, admonition, books and arguments, which have been compiled into three volumes. Unfortunately, most of them have been lost, leaving only seven pieces of Zheng Dong Fu and Women's Commandments. Zhao Fu, a female writer in Qing Dynasty, praised her for "looking to the east to continue the history, praising and being elegant" in "PostHan Fu (Preface)" As the first female historian and writer in China, Ban Zhao is famous in history and shines brightly.

Edit this paragraph with Brother Ban Chao.

Ban Zhao has another brother, Ban Chao. Two common idioms we use now are "Nothing ventured, nothing gained" and "Nothing ventured", which reflect his extraordinary wisdom and courage. He made contributions to the Western Regions, sealed his future, visited the Western Regions and promoted Han Wei to Central Asia for 30 years. In the twelfth year of Han Yongyuan, Ban Chao sent his son Ban Yong back to Luoyang with An En Gong to bring the emperor back to the throne:

Dare not look at Jiuquan county, I wish I was born in Yumenguan. I want to send Zi Yong to the fortress with the things offered by Anxi. I was born here, so that he can see his motherland. Expressed a strong and ultimately thought, but after the letter was sent, the court still ignored it three years later. Ban Zhao remembered his dead brother Ban Gu, and had a strong attachment and pity for his seventy-year-old brother Ban Chao, while Ban Chao was living in a foreign land. So he wrote to the emperor in desperation: my brother and I were born in the western regions together, and my small contribution was rewarded. I was awarded a grand prize, and I was awarded two thousand stones. I really shouldn't be cheated. From the beginning of transcendence, I will die, and I will make great achievements. Will change, lonely road, beyond one, turn to the side, know the country, Qiang Bing. Every time there is an attack, you must be the first to board the ship. Being buried by Jin Yi, I don't avoid death. I am your God, and I want to prolong my life in the desert. It has been 30 years since I was born, and I have never known each other again. With all the people at any time, everything has changed; I am the longest in my life, and now I am 70 years old. Old and sick, with dark hair, heartless hands, hard eyes and ears, crutches will do. Although I want to do my best to repay my kindness and force my son to be old and tired, what can I do?

Savage nature, mourning rebellion and humiliating the old, C Chao Dan went into the ground at dusk, and there was no generation for a long time. He was afraid of opening up the original research and being rebellious. And Dr. Qing is worried about everything. If there is a violent death and tyranny, he can't do it from the heart, and he will do things that endanger the country and abandon loyal subjects. It really hurts! Therefore, I have surpassed Wan Li to be sincere, bitter and anxious, and I have been looking forward to it for three years, but I have not been rewarded. I heard that the ancients were fifteen soldiers, but they are still sixty now, and they have rested and stopped serving. Your Majesty Fate is even filial to the world and won the favor of all countries, leaving behind the ministers of small countries. The situation is too favorable for Hou Bo's position, so he dared to beg for help for more than a year, and he survived; Goodbye Quentin, the country has no worries about hard work, and the western regions have no worries about worry. This is even more so because the king of Bi Meng has buried his bones, and his descendants will mourn for their old friends. Ban Zhao wrote a letter on behalf of his brother, which is reasonable. He was moved by it, and Han and Emperor played it. Especially in the last two sentences of the article, Zhou Wenwang Xu Lingtai is quoted as saying that it is more important to dig the ground to get the bones of the dead. Tian Zifang, a teacher in Wei Wenhou, saw that you abandoned his old horse and thought it was unkind to abandon it when you were old, so she put it away and raised it. These two stories ironically imply that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty thought that he no longer made the final decision, and he was really ashamed of his old minister, so he appointed Ren Shang, a captain of Wuji, as the commander-in-chief of the western regions instead of Ban Chao. Ban Zhao's literary talent enabled her brother Ban Chao to return to Korea. Ren Shang arrived and Ban Chao explained them one by one. Ren Shang said to Ban Chao, "It is advisable to take the sea as a mirror." I hope Ban Chao can give him some advice on managing the western regions. Ban Chao said earnestly: "The officials beyond the Great Wall, who are not filial to their sons and grandchildren, moved to make up the border village with sin;" And barbarians are pregnant with birds and beasts, which are difficult to raise and easy to lose. Now you are strict and anxious, and there is no big fish in clear water. The investigation of politics should not be harsh. It is advisable to be simple and lenient, just a rough outline. " But after Ban Chao left, Ren Shang privately said to his cronies, "I think Ban Jun's plan is very strange. I made it very clear today!" Ren Shang can't rely on Ban Chao's experience, but he lost his peace with severity and cruelty. This is another story. In August of the 14th year of Han Yongyuan, Ban Chao returned to Luoyang and was worshipped as a captain. When he left Shule, he was already ill, so he didn't have time to talk to his sister. He was tired of traveling. He died a month after returning home, and Ban Zhao was speechless.

Edit this passage "Journey to Changyuan and Fu"

Ban Zhao (about AD 49 ~ 120) was a talented woman in the Eastern Han Dynasty, also known as Ji, whose name was Hui Ji. She was born in Fufeng Anling (now Baoji, Shaanxi), and was born in a scholarly family. Her father, Ban Biao, and her brother, Ban Gu, are both famous scholars, and another brother, Ban Chao, made great contributions to the Eastern Han Dynasty's mission to the Western Regions. My father, Ban Biao, is very literary. He collected anecdotes of the former dynasty from his childhood, and decided to write Hanshu to inherit Sima Qian's historical records, but he died young. Ban Zhao's brother, Ban Gu, inherited his father's legacy and continued to write Hanshu for more than 20 years, but he never ended up in prison and died because of an unjust case. Seeing that Ban Zhao was well-read, the emperor wrote a letter to her, asking her to continue writing. Ban Zhao stayed up all night with his own talent and deep affection and understanding for his father and brother. After several years' efforts, he finally finished Hanshu. Hanshu is the painstaking work of two generations of Ban family, so people also call Hanshu "the history of the class". It is said that when Hanshu was first published, it was difficult for many people to understand because of its profound meaning. The emperor invited Ma Rong, a famous scholar at that time, to learn from Ban Zhao, and repeatedly ordered Ban Zhao to enter the palace to speak and read books, so that the queen and the imperial concubine could learn from her, calling her "everyone (reading gū)", which was the most honorable title for women at that time. Because Ban Zhao's husband's surname is Cao, people also call her "Cao Dajia". Ban Zhao also wrote seven books, Women's Commandments and Ode to the East, which were also very influential at that time. Among them, Zheng Dong Fu was written after she traveled to Changyuan. Cao Cheng, the son of Ban Zhao, was once the magistrate of Changyuan County. In the seventh year of Yongchuan (A.D. 1 13), Ban Zhao took office in Changyuan with his son. They set out from Luoyang, the capital city, passed through Yanshi, Gongyi, Xingyang and other places, and entered today's Xinxiang boundary. They first arrived in Juancheng County (now Yuanyang County), stopped in Wu Yuan (now Wuyuan Town, Yuanyang County) for a while, then moved on, and lived in the mulberry room in Wu Yang (now Yuanyang County) at night. The next day, Qiu Ping (now Huangling Town, fengqiu county) entered Kuangcheng County (now Changyuan County West). After entering Changyuan, she remembered the story of the historical sages here: Confucius was besieged when he passed Kuangdi; Lutz was Confucius' favorite pupil, but later he was unjustly killed for his meritorious service. Chi is a doctor who protects the country and defends the country. Because of his noble character, he is respected as the image representative of defending the country. Pastoral, farmhouse music, village workers, and street towns have touched Ban Zhao by the sight and imagination. She copied what she saw and felt along the way into Ode to the Northern Expedition written by her father Ban Biao, and now she has translated the paragraphs about Xinxiang, from which we can get a glimpse of the placanticline of the Han Dynasty.

The editor introduced the work "Women's Commandments"

With his own literary talent, Ban Zhao completed his brother Ban Gu's Hanshu, which moved Han and Emperor, and brought his brother Ban Chao back to Luoyang. Ban Zhao's literary talent is also reflected in her seven Women's Commandments. The Women's Commandment includes seven chapters: inferiority complex, husband and wife, caution, women's behavior, determination, obedience and uncles and sisters. Originally, it was a private school textbook for teaching class girls, but aristocratic families in Beijing scrambled to copy it and soon became popular all over the country. Ban Zhao quoted a sentence from The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, in the article "Humble and Weak": "The man's name is Nongzhang, and the woman's name is Wala." It is believed that women can't compete with men by nature, so they must "go to bed late and get up early, and don't be afraid to stay up late;" Do things, do not hesitate to fight. "In order to do my duty. The article "Couple" thinks that the husband is bigger than the sky and must serve respectfully. " If a woman is not virtuous, she can't serve her husband. If she doesn't serve her husband, she will lose her righteousness. If she wants to defend her righteousness, she must make women understand. "In the article" Respect and Caution ",it is argued that" men value strength, women value weakness, and women should unconditionally obey their husbands regardless of the merits. "Only by combining rigidity with softness can we help each other and protect the righteousness of husband and wife forever. In the chapter of "Women's Behavior", four standards of women's behavior are set: "Chastity and tranquility, being ashamed of what you have done; being virtuous for women; Don't talk nonsense and be overbearing, choose the right words, enough is enough, and speak for women; Dress neatly, not dirty or humiliating, and think for women; Concentrate on spinning, be unsmiling, prepare food and entertain guests, which is what women workers should do. "Women should be prepared for these four lines, namely, morality, speech, tolerance and so on, so as not to be rude. In the chapter of "determination", it is emphasized that "virgins don't marry two husbands", husbands can remarry, and wives can never remarry. Going to the next hall in her mind is simply incredible and illogical. A husband should "concentrate on positive color, ears up and look at others. "In Qu Cong, women are taught to be kind to their parents, to obey their parents, to be humble and obedient, and to be patient in everything, so as to be obedient. In the article "Uncle", I explained the way to get along with my husband, brothers and sisters, that is, knowing what they mean and knowing what they mean, that is, it is only natural to be wronged, and you must never go your own way and lose the harmonious atmosphere between them.

Edit this section of Cao Dajia's tomb.

It is located 500 meters east of Dagu Village, Fengyi Town, Xingping City, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, and about 300 meters east of Sanqu Village. The tomb is located on a high platform, where Zumen and Da Cao's family (aunt) are buried.

The four villages of Guqu, Sanqu, Wuhe and Laoguan are located in the middle of the northern edge of the dustpan-shaped Dawan, with a gentle slope in the south. The four canals of Weihui pass through the territory from east to west about 200 meters north. The tomb is conical, with a length of 10 m from east to west and a height of about 4 m, surrounded by cultivated land. Dagu Village still preserves an iron clock that has been in Qing Dynasty for eleven years, and it records Ban Zhao's life and topography at that time. 1982 12 was announced by Xingping county people's government as a county-level key cultural relics protection unit.