"Book of Rites" records: "The former played banjo and sang the south wind before enjoying the princes." It can be seen that Shun also participated in the study of piano.
By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the skill of playing the piano had reached a high level, and two of the four famous ancient pianos were produced during this period, namely, Qi Huangong's Blowing the Bell and Duke Zhuang of Chu's Around the Beam. Unfortunately, it is impossible to prove who plays the piano.
The famous Qin in the Western Han Dynasty was Sima Xiangru's "Qing Qi", which was one of the four famous Qin in ancient times. People who play the piano can't prove it.
Zhang Zhongjing, a famous violinist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a magistrate in Changsha, a famous doctor and the author of Treatise on Febrile Diseases. According to the guqin book, Zhongjing went to Tongbai Mountain to collect herbs. When he met the doctor, he said, "My wrist has a pulse, why not?" The man actually said to me, "I am an old ape." Zhongjing took the pills in the capsule and it was fine. Tomorrow, a huge wooden shoulder will come and say, this evergreen tree is also good, and we will talk about it. Zhongjing is a two-stringed instrument, which is known as "ancient ape" and "ten thousand years".
In addition, Cai Yong, a writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, once played a piano called Wei Jiaoqin, which is one of the four famous ancient pianos. According to the Records of the Later Han Dynasty, "Cai Yong visited Mount Tai, saw the burning tung, heard the explosion, and said,' This is a good wood' and took the piano for' Jiao Wei'." Later, the "copulatory body" in the form of guqin, also known as "Xuan Heti", was created by Cai Yong. There were many famous musicians in the Tang Dynasty, among which Lei, Guo, Zhang and Shen were the most famous. Among them, Lei and Zhang are the most prominent.
The "thunder" in the four families refers to thunder. Lei's ancestral home is in Sichuan, and there are nine famous artists in three generations, who are called "Sichuan Nine Thunder", namely:,,,, Lei Yan, Lei Jue, Wheeler and Lei Xun. Among them, Shao Lei, Lei Xiao, Lei Zhen, Wei Lei and Lei Yan were the first generation, during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. The Leis have made pianos for generations, of which the most famous one is. It is said that his skills have been pointed out by experts from outside the sky and he is superb. "nirvana in fire" records: "Wei Lei's piano doesn't have to be all paulownia. Every time I go to Emei alone in a snowstorm, whoever chooses the best pine and fir trees to cut the piano is more wonderful than the tung tree. " This shows that Wei Lei, a master piano maker in the Tang Dynasty, has started to make pianos with Chinese fir. It can be seen that Lei's choice of guqin is not limited to paulownia, but prefers Chinese fir. The disadvantage of paulownia xylophone is that it is easy to deform, while Chinese fir is not easy to deform and can be preserved for thousands of years. Since Ray used Chinese fir xylophone, piano musicians still like to use Chinese fir. According to the characteristics of Leigongqin recorded in Su Shi's Zashu Qinpu, "it can't be said, but the string can't be added first." Its sound comes from between two pools. It has a longer back, like Ye Ran. The sound comes out, overflows, and can't go away, but it has a aftertaste, so subtle. " "Ya Qin" said: "In Zhenyuan, the pianos made by Chengdu Sheng Lei are extremely exquisite, with many players." At present, the Palace Museum has Nine Xiao Pei Huan and The Legacy of the Great Sage by Lei Qin in the Tang Dynasty.
Zhang in the four schools refers to Wu Di's musician. Qin Yao Yuan Ji Qin records; "Tang Xian only values Zhang Helei. Leiqin is thick and solid, and her voice is warm and elegant. Zhang Qin is powerful and has a strong and moist voice. "
"Guo" among the four schools refers to Guo Liang, a famous performer in Sichuan, whose piano is known for its profundity and delicacy. "Chen Le Shu" records: "The wonderful system of Qin, Shu said, Guo Liang said, Wu said,. The night is bright, elegant and delicate, and the sound of shackles is getting louder and louder. "
"Shen" in the "Four Schools" refers to Wu Di's pianist. "Chen Leshu" records: "Only the system is wonderful. Shu said, Guo Liang, Wu said,. The night is bright and elegant, and the sound of shackles is louder. "
Li Mian, another royal performer in the Tang Dynasty, was named Xuanqing, and his great-grandfather Li was the thirteenth son of Li Yuan. Historical records record that Li Mian was "curious about the past" and "skillful in understanding melody, making his own piano and thinking". Li Mian has successively served as Kaifeng magistrate, Yushi, Henan Shaoyin, Beijing Zhao Yin, Henan Yinyin, Guangzhou secretariat, Lingnan our envoy and so on. In his later years, he entered the DPRK as a relative and served as the official department to repair the flat chapter. Li Mian is an upright official, and a generation of good looks. Li Mian is good at playing the piano. He has written comments for Qin and Qin. Among them, the skills of Qin at that time were recorded in detail, which is an important material for studying Qin. The patchwork piano was created by Li Mian. There were many famous soldiers in the Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Zhu, Ma Xiliang, Ma Xiren, the eminent monk Renzhi and Shi; in the Southern Song Dynasty, there were Jin Yuan, Jin Highway and Chen Hengdao; in the later period, there were Yan Zun, Ma Dafu and Mei Siyan. Among them, the stone is written by the Biroziqin Law. The Piano Method of Biluozi is an important piano book in Song Dynasty. This paper records the different sounds and sound effects produced by the different thickness ratio of the face plate and the bottom plate in the production process of guqin. The book wrote: "Where the bottom is thick and the surface is thin, the wood is muddy and clear, the big chord is dull, and the small chord is urgent. Thick surface and bottom, solid wood, short rhyme and heavy sound. Thin surface and thick bottom, clear wood, beneficial to small strings, not conducive to big strings. The bottom of the face is thin, the wood is empty, its sound is chaotic, and its rhyme is floating. The bottom of the face is quite equal, the reality is commensurate, and the chord is harmonious. " Note: "wood" refers to pitch, "disk" refers to overtones, "minor chord" refers to minor chords, and "major chord" refers to coarse chords.
The famous musicians in Yuan Dynasty were Yan, Shi and Shi Gu Yun, among which the most famous was Yan, Shi and Shi Gu Yun. There are many imitations of Zhu Qin, and some poor ones are engraved with "Zhu Zhiyuan" or "Zhu Zhiyuan", which is not worth laughing at.
There were also many piano master in the Ming Dynasty, such as Bandung, Tushi, Qiantang and Zhangnan.
Among them, the most famous are Zhang, Zhang Jixiu, Zhang Shunxiu, Zhang Ruixiu and Zhang Minxiu. Zhang Dai's Dream of Taoan highly praised Zhang's piano playing skills, saying that it can last for a hundred years and be invincible.
The famous Tu family in Nanchang includes Tu, Tu and Tu Jiabin, among which Tu is the most famous. The painted piano is full, and the paint ash is mostly raw paint, which is different from others.
Qiantang has, Wang, and others, among which the most famous. Wang's piano, with Mulan skin modeling, is square and clear.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were also literati who loved the piano, such as Zhang Zhidong (1837- 1909, Xiao Zong, Xiang Yan,, who did not dispute the laity and held the ice since late). Zhang Zhidong's mother, the old lady Zhu Bijun, is good at playing the piano, and Zhang Zhidong has also been influenced since childhood. He can not only play the piano, but also play the piano, which was very famous in the piano field at that time. During the Republic of China, there were Yang Zongji, Guan Pinghu and Xu.
During the Republic of China, Mr. Yang Zongji (1863- 1932) was a master of Qin studies. He had a deep understanding of Qin and wrote four volumes of Qin Cui, four volumes of Hua Qin, three volumes of Qin Shu and two volumes of Essays on Qin Studies. Later, he compiled four volumes of Xin Yu Qin Se, one volume of Continued Questions about Qin Jing, one volume of Qin Jing's Interpretation, one volume of You Lan Harmony, and one volume of Detailed Explanation of Temperament, which were later compiled into Qin Xue Series for publication.
From the Republic of China to the early days of the People's Republic of China, another guqin master and pianist was Mr. Guan Pinghu. Guan Pinghu (1897— 1967, An Ren, Zhong Kang,No. Pinghu, son of Guan Nianci, a famous painter in Qing Dynasty) is a famous guqin player, piano master and painter in China. Mr. Guan Pinghu studied guqin and painting with his father since childhood. After his childhood father died, he studied piano with Yang Zongji and painted with Jin Shaocheng. Before liberation, he taught at Beijing Jinghua Academy of Fine Arts. After liberation, he was an associate researcher at China Institute of Folk Music, specializing in the research and arrangement of guqin. The well-known classical music Guangling San and Youlan reappeared brilliantly after being set by him. In addition, Mr. Guan Pinghu also composed music for Big Huqie, Little Huqie, Holly Grass, Wu Ye Tune, Long Qing, Short Qing, Li Sao and Snow White. He also wrote a book, An Examination of Ancient Fingering. Mr. Guan Pinghu learned piano for the first time in Liulichang Yiyuanzhai. Later, he made further exploration and research on piano techniques, and his "grand piano" was made by Mr. Guan Pinghu. After liberation, many musicians emerged, among them, Sun, Tian Shuangkun, Wang, Sun, Ye Tinggui and others all had profound attainments in the field of piano.
As far as the concept of piano is concerned, there is an innovator who tends to innovate, change and improve. The main representative of this school is Mr. Ye Tinggui of Shanxi, who advocates actively imitating the advantages of western musical instruments and boldly innovating the technical level of piano. However, overall, the progress is not smooth, and it mainly follows the ancient system, and most of them just make some changes in appearance. There are still successful precedents for making obvious changes in technology.
In addition, there is a retro school, which tends to advocate the ancient system and inherit and follow the traditional practice methods handed down by ancient sages. The main representative of the retro school is Mr. Wang of Tangshan, who advocates strict adherence to the ancient system and opposes deliberate innovation and difference in the structure and material composition of guqin. This is reasonable from the perspective of inheriting the experience of the ancients.
The reformists and the retro have their own strengths. From the perspective of historical development, it is not unreasonable for the violinist to try to innovate or improve the guqin in terms of material composition, structure and modeling, but we should be careful not to discard the mature experience of the ancients easily, otherwise it will not be worth the candle.
In addition, Sun is not only a performer, but also a guqin master, which is rare in the history of guqin.
With the deepening of cultural exchanges between the East and the West, Guqin and Chyi Chin culture gradually spread to all parts of the world. I believe that more new talents will emerge in Chyi Chin in the future, and the Chyi Chin way will be further inherited, carried forward and developed.