Abstract: With the expansion of the enrollment scale of graduate students in China, the problem of graduate employment is prominent, and the key is that the competitiveness of graduate employment is not strong. This paper discusses the problems existing in graduate employment, puts forward corresponding solutions, and gives strategies to enhance the effectiveness of graduate employment from three aspects: society, schools and graduate students themselves.

Keywords: graduates' employment countermeasures

With the development of China's higher education and the expansion of graduate enrollment, the employment problem of graduate students is becoming more and more prominent. First, economic and social development has changed the job market, and the structural contradiction in the allocation of human resources has increased the employment pressure of graduate students; Second, the ability of the school to train graduate students can not meet the requirements of social and economic development, and can not meet the requirements of employers and enterprises for the comprehensive quality of graduate students; Third, in the process of employment, graduate students themselves also have some problems, such as weak professional ability, weak innovation and practice ability, lack of unity and cooperation ability, inaccurate self-positioning, unbalanced employment mentality and so on. Therefore, it is particularly important at this stage to fully analyze the main problems existing in the process of graduate employment, strengthen graduate employment education and training, and enhance graduate employment competitiveness, which has certain practical significance.

First, the main problems in the current graduate employment

(A) socially, changes in the job market have an impact on the employment of graduates.

In recent years, employment has become a hot issue concerned by the government and all walks of life, and graduates' employment is facing the dual pressure of "no job" and "no job". Under the background of vigorously promoting higher education in China, the scarcity of graduate students has long ceased to exist. In the past, the rigid demand for graduate students in universities and institutions with large demand for graduate students has decreased, and the blowout of highly educated talents has made the demand for talents in the eastern coastal areas, economically developed areas and large and medium-sized cities relatively saturated, resulting in great employment pressure. The basic requirements for employers to apply for graduate students in economically developed areas are increasing year by year; At the same time, some economically underdeveloped areas no longer blindly pursue high academic qualifications in talent selection, but pay attention to comprehensive quality, preferring to pay undergraduates with low cost and strong plasticity. This market economy orientation and the influence of supply and demand structure is one of the important problems faced by graduate students in the process of employment, which affects their employment. In addition, the irregular graduate employment market and imperfect related systems also restrict the normal development of graduate employment.

(2) The training of schools and graduate students does not meet the needs of society.

1. The postgraduate curriculum is unreasonable.

The proportion of basic courses is too large, knowledge learning is emphasized, social practice is ignored, and professional knowledge is out of touch with society. It takes a long time for graduate students trained in colleges and universities to adapt to the post demand after employment, so there are still some shortcomings in the adaptation period, work experience, professional ability and post-employment literacy.

2. Lack of practical ability

While strengthening the knowledge reserve, master students should also learn professional knowledge and attach importance to the experience of knowledge, but ignore the cultivation of practical ability. However, the reality is that some employers prefer applied talents who can be directly employed or trained for a short time after graduation. In addition, the lack of postgraduate practice is also related to China's recent education-related system. Our graduate students still pay attention to the reserve of professional knowledge in the early stage, but ignore the training and exercise in practice; Paying attention to the improvement of exams and neglecting the cultivation of comprehensive quality will eventually lead to the lack of practical ability of graduate students.

3. Weak career planning education and lack of career guidance.

For the problem of college students' vocational education planning, China started late. On the one hand, due to the large demand for talents in the early stage, there is rarely a problem of difficult employment; On the other hand, due to the rapid development of higher education in China, the employment education of college students is relatively backward. For the cultivation of high-level professionals such as graduate education, neither the school nor the graduate students themselves have paid enough attention to the cultivation of job-seeking ability. In the process of graduates' employment, there are many phenomena such as blindly submitting resumes or being stretched in the interview process, so it is difficult to apply rationally or in a planned way.

4. Lack of innovation and learning ability

In today's society, learning ability is actually an adaptive ability, that is, to adapt to the culture of the employer, to adapt to the needs of work, and to adapt to the harmony of interpersonal relationships. Under the background of emphasizing exam-oriented education, graduate education is still passive at present, and graduate students can't learn spontaneously and participate actively, so they can't adapt to the needs of employers immediately after leaving school, and their learning ability is insufficient. In addition, most graduate students lack innovation, stick to the rules and have no innovative ideas, which is an important part of the lack of graduate students in China in recent years.

(3) Graduate students themselves have biased employment concepts and low psychological adjustment ability.

Under the influence of the thought and mentality that graduate students are elite education, they are not accurate in their own positioning and know little about the external employment environment. After graduation, graduate students think that they should be engaged in "three high occupations" with high knowledge, high economic returns and high social status. However, with the continuous expansion of graduate enrollment, if graduate students still can't change their employment psychology at this time, their sense of superiority is far greater than their sense of crisis, and their employment ability is difficult to adapt to the needs of society without efforts to improve their personal ability, instead of actively looking for and getting a job, then the final result can only be passive waiting for employment opportunities, leading to an imbalance in employment mentality.

Second, the countermeasures to alleviate the employment problem of graduate students

(1) Social aspects

In order to enhance the employment competitiveness of graduate students, the government should give strong support, adjust the employment market as a whole, put the employment of graduates in the first place, and work together with the government, universities, all walks of life and individuals to improve the employment market, strengthen employment policy guidance, improve employment competitiveness and ease employment pressure. The state should vigorously develop the economy, adjust the industrial structure, and establish and develop high-tech industries to attract graduate students. First of all, we should take the system and policy as the breakthrough point, improve the graduate employment service system, formulate relevant systems and policies, systematize the employment service and entrepreneurship support policies, vigorously promote the reform of graduate employment education in schools, and promote the implementation of policies. Secondly, funding provides material support for the school to strengthen graduate entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship training, which is more convenient for the school to carry out various training and education activities. The government should also do a good job as a bridge between enterprises and schools, promote school-enterprise cooperation, and seek the best docking mode between enterprises and schools. It can not only seek higher-quality talents for the development of local enterprises, but also provide more education and training methods for schools, so that students can give full play to what they have learned in enterprises, improve their practical ability and enhance their employment competitiveness.

(2) school.

1. Strengthen the sense of responsibility of graduate tutors

In the process of postgraduate training, the tutor is not only the teacher of postgraduate education, but also the ideological guide. When most graduate students are about to graduate and enter the society, they will be more anxious and lack employment confidence and sense of direction. Therefore, as the first responsible person during postgraduate study, the tutor should be duty-bound to postgraduate education. He should deeply understand students' psychology and basic situation, find problems in time, carefully analyze, grasp students' employment needs and ability range, patiently guide, initially set career orientation, and better guide students to make career choices, so as to guide them into a virtuous circle of career. In addition, while improving the basic knowledge of graduate students, the school promotes the construction of practice bases for various majors, and promotes the cultivation of students by establishing school-enterprise joint education or cooperative training.

2. Integrate theory with practice to improve the ability of practical innovation.

At present, the employment situation of many junior college students is better than that of undergraduates to some extent, and the most important thing is their practical ability. Undergraduate students' learning content mainly focuses on theory rather than practice, while graduate students' learning content is to deepen their understanding of a certain theory, which makes their knowledge extend vertically and ignores the cultivation of practical ability. Therefore, graduate students should strengthen their practical and innovative ability, deepen their knowledge system vertically, and expand their knowledge horizontally. While learning professional knowledge, we should strengthen social practice ability, master post operation skills, and constantly improve innovation consciousness and level.

3. Strengthen career planning guidance

Career planning education is the basis of cultivating graduate students' professional quality. Schools should strengthen the career guidance for graduate students, establish and improve the guidance system, proceed from correct self-awareness and reasonable expectations, rationally plan and lay out their career according to the existing conditions, determine their career orientation, guide and solve students' confusion in professional study and career adaptation and development, and finally achieve the employment goal. Strengthen students' understanding of the national situation and policies, train graduate students to establish a correct concept of success, job choice and employment, and encourage graduates to go to the grassroots and the places where the motherland needs them most. Schools should also vigorously carry out pre-job training for graduate students, lectures on employment knowledge, career planning and evaluation, examination and interview counseling and other activities, so that students can give full play to their own advantages and show their own strength in the job search process.

4. Strengthen innovation and entrepreneurship education

Schools should form a mechanism to promote graduates' employment through innovation and entrepreneurship. Establish a leading and coordinating organization for innovation and entrepreneurship education and self-employment, clarify responsibilities and tasks, improve the working system and operation mechanism, integrate innovation and entrepreneurship education into the whole process of professional teaching and personnel training, establish and improve the curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship education, incorporate it into the teaching plan, and strengthen the construction of teachers. By using preferential policies, new progress has been made in the establishment of venture capital, the support of venture venues and the docking of venture projects. Fully rely on platforms such as university science parks, consolidate and expand entrepreneurial practice and incubation bases, and strive to make breakthroughs in long-term mechanisms. Improve the service level of entrepreneurship guidance in an all-round way, starting with entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship guidance, entrepreneurship internship and entrepreneurship activities, and strive to improve the innovative spirit, entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial ability of graduate students, so as to provide support for graduate students who are interested in entrepreneurship.

(c) Graduate students themselves

1. Improve your knowledge and technical ability, and pay attention to improving your own quality.

In order to achieve better employment, an important factor that determines employment competitiveness is one's own quality. In addition to strengthening the study of their professional knowledge and basic skills, graduate students should constantly enrich their knowledge reserves and consciously expand their knowledge, so as to achieve excellent academic performance and rich knowledge reserves. They should also improve their basic employment competitiveness through group training, such as adaptability, innovative practice ability, organizational leadership ability, social ability, anti-pressure ability, anti-frustration ability, professionalism and teamwork spirit, and strive to cultivate themselves into modern comprehensive high quality. In addition, we should pay more attention to social practice, actively participate in various social activities after completing the teaching plan and training plan stipulated by the school, fully understand the society, integrate into the society, strengthen exchanges with the society, and deepen the knowledge learned in social practice. In addition to theoretical knowledge, we should also pay attention to the improvement of other abilities, such as interpersonal skills and coordination and communication skills. At the same time, efforts should be made to create practical opportunities, enrich employment practice experience, learn and improve job interview skills, become graduates with solid basic knowledge and strong innovation and practice ability, and improve employment competitiveness.

2. Recognize the employment situation and establish a correct concept of choosing a job.

The increasingly severe employment situation of graduates has led to new changes in the demand for talents by employers. Therefore, for graduate students, they should be able to fully understand the overall situation of economic and social development, recognize the current employment situation, face up to the employment situation, understand the social talent gap and job demand, and avoid the blindness of career orientation. Before employment, we should make a comprehensive and objective evaluation of ourselves, have a clear understanding of the current employment situation, consider the long term, reduce the herd mentality in the employment process, and combine self-worth with social needs. In addition, according to the actual situation of employment, we should adjust our employment mentality and employment expectation in time, broaden our optional fields and improve our employment values. Don't just focus on big cities, realize that rural areas and small and medium-sized cities are also very good. Only in this way can we grasp the limited employment opportunities in the current difficult employment environment.

Step 3 plan your career reasonably

Graduate students should refer to career-related theoretical knowledge and various evaluation tools when they first enter school, have a preliminary judgment on their values and personality, have a clear understanding of themselves, have a full understanding of external information such as facing society and choosing a career in the future, make clear their career goals, make clear their future career intentions and development direction, gradually form feasible career goals, and divide them into short-term goals, medium-term goals and long-term goals, and then study purposefully according to a clear development plan. Self-improvement, and strive to enhance the competitiveness of personal employment.

4. Cultivate the awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship

Compared with undergraduates or other general entrepreneurs, graduate students have received systematic and comprehensive professional education, and have higher educational level, scientific research ability and professional quality, and the chances of success in starting a business are also higher. Therefore, as a member of the high-quality group, graduate students should strive to cultivate the consciousness and thinking of innovation and entrepreneurship and improve their innovation ability. Under the current employment situation, every graduate student should abandon the traditional concept of choosing a job and realize that his role is not only a job seeker, but also a job creator.

To sum up, China's graduate students are facing various employment problems in the process of employment. Relieve the employment pressure of graduates and improve their employment competitiveness, which requires the support and efforts of many parties and has a long way to go.

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