Brief introduction of three pools reflecting the moon

Shoujiataimen is the residence of Mr. Shou Jason Wu, Mr. Lu Xun's teacher. Shou (1849- 1930) is a learned man. He has a good character and is honest and frank. He hated fame all his life. He stopped taking the exam after he was admitted as a scholar. His occupation is to sit in the library and teach students all his life. Lu Xun praised him as "a founder, simple and knowledgeable person in this city". Shoujiataimen was purchased by Shou's grandfather Feng Langong during Jiaqing period, with a total construction area of 795 square meters. It faces a small river, connected by a stone bridge, and there is a bamboo garden in the west. The whole building faces Zhoujiataimen across the river, and the world-famous three pools reflecting the moon are in the east wing of Shoujiataimen.

At the first entrance, the entrance of Taiwan Province Gate, a plaque of "Wen Kui" hangs above the hidden door. This plaque was hung by Shouzi, a scholar in the second year of Guangxu (1876) and the younger brother of Lu Xun's teacher Shou. This plaque is used to brighten the lintel, indicating that the Shoujia family is a juren and a scholarly family.

On the west side of the first entrance door, opposite the patio, there is a small bamboo garden. The north wing of the bamboo garden is now decorated as "Sanyu Bookstore", which is the original name of Sanyu Bookstore, and the layout of Sanyu Bookstore is modeled after "Sanyan Yinyue". Visitors can sit in this simulated bookstore and experience the life of private schools or take photos.

The second entrance is called the gathering place in front of the lobby. Every ancestor died, and the distinguished guests came here. There is a plaque of "Sirentang" hanging on his forehead. On the pillar of the hall, there is a couplet carved with light green wood, which reads: "Celebrate Mount Tai and Qiao Yue, let your heart flow". On the golden pillar behind, there is a praise for Lu Xun's schoolmate Shou's virtue and speech: "Virtue sees virtue, and proverbs are virtuous."

Through the patio, that is, the third floor, here is the original exhibition hall, study and Mr. Shou's bedroom.

In front of the small hall is a place to receive friends and relatives. On the forehead of the retreat screen, there is a plaque of "revisiting the dish water". This plaque was given by Shoushou's nephew Shoushou to celebrate his 60th birthday, that is, 1928, the year before his death. Mr. Lu Xun is full of sincere love and respect for Mr. Shou and has been writing to Mr. Shou since he left Shaoxing. 1906, Lu Xun returned to Shaoxing to meet his teacher and tell him what he saw and heard outside. At that time, Mr. Shou Jason Wu received him here.

Mr. Shou's study is a typical study layout of a teacher's home, equipped with special bookcases, ordinary bookcases and stationery for the study of Twenty-four History. The plaque of "Sanyuzhai" is hung on the forehead of the room. The meaning of "Sanyuzhai" is taken from Pei Songzhi's note in the History of the Three Kingdoms, that is, Dong Yu of Ren Wei said: "Take Sanyuzhai as the study, winter will go late, and the rain will clear up." This means that people should study hard in all their spare time.

In Mr. Shou's bedroom, there are shelf beds, wardrobes, boxes, wooden recliners, clothes hangers, washstands and other items. Because Mr. Shou Jason Wu's teaching is very strict, he only accepts eight students every year, thinking that he is not teaching enough, so his teaching income is very limited. Therefore, the bedroom decoration we see now exceeds the actual living conditions of Mr. Shou Jason Wu at that time, but he actually leads a more frugal and simple life.

From the third entrance to the east, it is the east wing of Shoujiataimen, which is divided into south and north parts. The South Wing now displays the ancient educational history of Shaoxing, a famous historical and cultural city, which is divided into three parts: Yuezhongfu School, Yue Zhong Academy and Yue Zhong School. The northern wing is San Tan Ying Yue, which is Mr. Lu Xun's reading room.

Speaking of Mr. Lu Xun, I will think of my ancestors, my grandmother's great-grandfather, and Mr. Shou Lao, the first teacher of Mr. Lu Xun, who started the "Three Tans Reflecting the Moon".

San Tan Yin Yue was a famous private school in Shaoxing at that time. Mr. Lu Xun studied here when he was a child. Generally speaking, the explanation of "three pools printing on the moon" vividly compares the taste of reading poems, books and hundreds of ancient books with three flavors, and Mr. Sun Shouyu, the grandson of an old man, said in his article: "I heard the meaning of" three pools printing on the moon "from my grandfather Shou more than once. Grandfather's explanation of the meaning of' three pools printing the moon' is' warm clothes, fragrant roots and long poems'. "Old Mr. Shou Jason Wu said:" Buyi is a common people, and "Warm Clothes" would rather be a common people than an official. Vegetable root fragrance' is satisfied with simple food, not envious or yearning for the enjoyment of delicacies; Poetry has a long taste' means to understand the profound content of poetry carefully, so as to get a profound taste. "It is said that this was personally drafted by Shou Shou, the father of an old man, so that future generations can seriously understand and practice it.

Shou Jason Wu is an old gentleman. He faithfully abides by his father's instructions and is determined not to be an official. He also opposed and prohibited his son from being an official. He refused to let his youngest son take the exam, and even locked him upstairs. Every meal was delivered. As a result, his youngest son tied the window door with hemp rope and escaped from the building. Finally, I went to Beijing, got the first place in Korean, and became the magistrate of Nong 'an County, Jilin Province. The old man who kept Jason Wu called him unfilial and scolded him for a long time. Wuyue is probably a land of mountains and rivers, a land of rice. If the scholar has some small industries in his family, it is not difficult for him to be an official. Coupled with the political chaos in the Qing Dynasty, Mr. Shou Lao hated the corruption in the officialdom in the late Qing Dynasty, and thought that he should never be an official in troubled times, even if he was an official, he would be a faint official. At that time, this recluse attitude was commendable, and the name of "three pools and one moon" showed the integrity and kindness of the old gentleman. This will probably have no effect on his students, such as Mr. Lu Xun, who later became an anti-feudal warrior!

What are the "three flavors"

1. There are two sayings in ancient times: one is a metaphor for predecessors' feelings about reading, "reading classics tastes like rice, reading history tastes like vegetables, and reading a hundred flavors like sugar", and the three experiences are collectively called "three flavors"; The second is that the "three flavors" come from Li Shu's "Handan Bibliography" in the Song Dynasty: "The taste of poetry and books is too strong, and the history is broken, which is the three flavors." This is to compare poetry, history and other books to food and to good spiritual food. Third, Mr. Shou Jason Wu's ancestral motto: Warm clothes and fragrant vegetables make reading taste long. Later, it became the motto of three pools and one moon.

2. There are a pair of hugs on the pillars on both sides of the "Three Ponds Printing on the Moon" where Lu Xun studied, which read: "I am silent and filial, and the taste of too much soup is poetry", which shows that this is the proper meaning of the "three flavors" in "Three Ponds Printing on the Moon". The third is to borrow Buddhist language. Samadhi is a transliteration of Sanskrit Samadhi, which originally refers to the three realms of reading Buddhist scriptures and understanding the meaning of the scriptures: one is "determination", the other is "acceptance" and the third is "equal holding", which means to stop distracting thoughts before reciting, so as to make the mind stable and focused; The attitude of understanding Confucian classics must be correct, and there must be all kinds of respect and piety; In the process of learning, you should concentrate on it and keep a consistent spirit. With the integration of Buddhist thought and Chinese culture, "Samadhi" gradually extended to a summary of the essential spiritual meaning of things, and some expressions such as "Samadhi" and "Samadhi" appeared to describe the accuracy and profundity of knowledge.

3. San Tan Yin Yue: It is a famous private school in Shaoxing in the late Qing Dynasty. Mr. Lu Xun studied here at the age of 12, and studied under Mr. Shou. San Tan Yin Yue, the small living room between three long rooms, was originally the study of Shou Jia. Mr. Shou Jason Wu has been teaching here for 60 years. The flavor of "three pools printing the moon": The "three pools printing the moon" mentioned by Mr. Lu Xun in his famous article "From a Hundred Herbs Garden to a Three Pool Printing the Moon" is near the former residence of Mr. Lu Xun in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, where Mr. Lu Xun studied as a teenager. So, why is it called "three pools printing the moon"? It turns out that the "three flavors" come from the old saying that "reading classics tastes like rice, reading history tastes like Yao biography, and reading a hundred flavors like acyl sugar". Reading four books and five classics is the basis of eating rice and flour; Reading Historical Records tastes like drinking wine and eating delicious food: reading books like "A Hundred Schools of Thought contend" tastes like soy sauce and vinegar (like seasoning for cooking). The plaque of "Three Tans Printing the Moon" was written by Liang Shanzhou, a famous calligrapher in Ganjia period of Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was such a woodcut couplet hanging on both sides of the plaque: "I am silent and filial, and I love reading too much."

Some people say that the "three flavors" originated from Li Shu's bibliography. Li Shu said: "Poetry, calligraphy and painting are too thick soup, history is miscellaneous, and children are acyl sugar, which is the three flavors of books." Shouyu did not agree with this.

5. Shouyu's uncle Shouzhulin explained: "Three flavors vividly compare the taste of reading ancient books such as poetry and a hundred schools of thought contend to three flavors. When I was a child, I listened to my father and brother. Reading classics tastes like rice, reading history tastes like vegetables, and reading hundreds tastes like acyl sugar. But where this code comes from is hard to find. " This theory has a great influence, and Lu Xun's third brother Zhou also tends to this theory. However, Shouyu still disagreed. He said: "This explanation played down the spirit of ancestors' resistance to the Qing Dynasty. When I was a child, my grandfather Shou Jason Wu personally told me that the three flavors are warm clothes, delicious food and long poems. Cloth refers to ordinary people, and "warm cloth" refers to being ordinary people, not being an official or a master; Vegetable root fragrance' is satisfied with simple food, but does not yearn for the enjoyment of delicacies; Poetry has a long flavor' means to understand the profound content of poetry carefully, so as to obtain a profound and long flavor. This first point,' warm clothes', is very important. This is the ideological core of my ancestors Feng Lan Gong and Gong. The failure of industry made them see the decadent nature of the Qing Dynasty. They think that being an official in the Qing dynasty, harming the country and the people, is to harm others and harm themselves. Therefore, the direction of running a school is also regarded as the life guide of his descendants, and his descendants are not allowed to take the exam to be an official. They should be willing to be warm in clothes, fragrant in vegetables and taste poetry. " Shou Yu said that Shou Jason Wu told him before his death: "The meaning of these three flavors can't be told to outsiders, let alone seen in words. This is the family rule set by the ancestor Qiao Yun, because the spirit of' Sanwei' has obvious anti-Qing tendency, and once it is circulated, it may lead to fatal disaster. " This is also the main reason for people's subjective speculation.

The history of three pools printing the moon

San Tan Yin Yue is the place where Mr. Lu Xun studied in his childhood. He goes to school here, 12 years old. After the autumn of the following year, due to his grandfather's imprisonment, young Lu Xun left home to take refuge in the rural areas of Shaoxing-Huangfuzhuang and Xiaogaopu, and his studies were interrupted. 1894 went home in summer, and still returned to Santan to reflect the moon. So it was not until around 1898 that I left and went to Nanjing Naval Academy to study for six years. ...

Everything here is very well preserved, as Mr. Lu Xun recalled: "Go through a black bamboo door, the third room is the study, and there is a plaque hanging in the middle: Three pools print the moon; Below the plaque is a photo of a fat sika deer squatting under an old tree. " This plaque and painting were lost before liberation, and party cadres tried their best to get them back after liberation. In those days, students studying Lu Xun were still alive in the early days of liberation, including Zhou Meiqing, Zhang Xiangyao and Wang Fulin. According to the memories of these three old classmates, the three pools reflect the moon back to the original arrangement. In the room, it seems to be an old-fashioned living room in China, which is very strange to teenagers nowadays. Student seat 1 1. Lu Xun's seat is arranged by the north wall. It's a rectangular table with drawers and a slightly lower chair behind it. It's dark here, and the air looks damp. In the right corner of his desk, the word "made" is engraved one inch square. Knife is simple and straight. It is an extremely precious woodcut cultural relic hand-carved by Lu Xun in his childhood. As for its origin, it is said that one day, Lu Xun was late for school and was scolded by his teacher. He carved the word "early" with a knife to urge and remind himself not to be late. Since then, he has never been late again.

Baicao garden

After entering the Herbal Garden, turn right and come to the smooth Shijing fence.

Shi Jinglan is only the height of a ruler and the top is more than ten centimeters wide. It is dangerous for children to climb up and down. If they don't do well, they will slide into the well. No wonder Lu Xun thought, "Maybe it's because he jumped off the stone well fence." . The well is covered with moss, and there are strangulation marks on the rope, and the thumb can be put in. Cracks in the stone are exposed. The water in the well is very clear, so you can learn from others. Not deep. There are more than a dozen coins scattered at the bottom. There are several cold drink packaging bags floating on the water.

To the north of Shijinglan is a small vegetable plot. Living in the middle of a hundred herbs garden, it is not green. At that time, there was a father's hard work. Now, the "public" people order some dishes just to match Lu Xun's prose and attract tourists. Besides, few people pay attention to it, and I am the only one turning around at this time.

To the north of the vegetable field is a tall acacia tree.

I stood between the vegetable garden and Shijingshan, listening to the buzzing voices there and looking at the tourists opposite there.

Go back to the southwest corner of Herbal Garden, blend in with tourists and walk to the northwest corner. On the left side of the road is Lu Xun's Short Mud Wall Root, which is very interesting. To the west of the mud wall is a brick courtyard wall more than one person high. The mud wall is knee-high and irregular, which is probably the "construction waste" left by the older generation when they built the courtyard wall. There is a thick layer of "smooth vines" on it, and the herbs mixed in it are dense and low. Dense means "mud" wall root, and low means brick is hidden inside. So, "When you open a broken brick, sometimes you will meet a centipede ..."

In the northwest corner, there is a souvenir shop, and the name of the garden is written on the wall. It's crowded with people, which seems to be the center of a hundred herbs garden. People who don't buy souvenirs like to have a look. Photographers inadvertently formed a bloated team, stuck together by the southern accent. The "bloated team" is also a scene. I'm watching. How can you prove that you have been to the Herbal Garden if you don't stand in front of the words "Herbal Garden" and take photos to buy souvenirs? Many people come to "prove"

I came to the vegetable garden again, next to the Shijing fence and under the acacia tree.

The northeast corner is a remote place. When Lu Xun said "no" and "in the long grass", it should be here. A big red snake lives here. The east courtyard wall is about two feet high, which is lower than the acacia and much higher than the west courtyard wall. As you can imagine, this wall used to be white, but now it is decorated with flowers. In his childhood, Lu Xun threw a brick at Liang's house on the other side of the wall. He borrowed bricks to explore the outside world. "Brick-throwing" was the foreshadowing of "finding another way" later, and he plunged into N city and Japan.

On the road over there, people who came in droves and those who left in a hurry pushed each other. It's cicada singing season, and you can't smell cicada singing-the sound pressure of people is higher than cicada.

Baicaoyuan, nothing strange. There are too many "gardens" like "Herb Garden" in the world. However, there is no second Lu Xun in China. Mr. Lu Xun ate the grass in the Baicao Garden and squeezed out a milk-like essay "From Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue". Visitors only need to look at the grass in the herb garden.

From the next morning, half an hour before leaving Shaoxing, Xu Angjun and I went for a walk. Go to the crossroads. As soon as I saw it, a few hundred meters to the west was the White Grass Garden. Just run west. It is estimated that the door of Lu Xun's former residence cannot be opened. I'm not finished yet. Look at that door again. The door next door says "Liang Jia". This is something I didn't notice the day before. Liang Jia is busy making breakfast. Lonely Zhou (Lu) home, prosperous Liang family.