First, according to the records of the Qing sage, in April of 6 1 year (1722), Emperor Kangxi went to Jehol for the summer, and began to encircle it on the third day of August, and returned to the palace on the second day of September. Half a month later, I set foot on my way home, arrived in Beijing on the 27th and stayed in Changchun Garden. 1October 2 1 day (1722,165438+1October 29) went to the end of Nanyuan again. On the seventh day of November (1722,65438+February, 14), "I went to and returned to Changchun Garden from Nanyuan." 13, inscribed "Bedroom collapsed". (See Records of the Holy Father of Qing Dynasty, Volume 297, and Ding Mao of Kangxi in April 61; Volume 298, Chen Bing's Kangxi in August of sixty-one; Volume 299, Shen Jia, Wu Xu, Geng Xu in September, Gui You in October; Volume 300, Wu Zixu and Wu Jia in November of Kangxi sixty-one. )
Secondly, Yongxianlu records: "I am ugly (eighth day of November, Kangxi, sixty-one). Conductor: I occasionally have a cold sweat today. I will rest and fast from the tenth to the fifteenth day of the first month, so I should stamp the chapter without starting. The Sino-Japanese War (13th) was carved and collapsed in Changchun Garden. " Xiao Xuan: The Record of Yongxian (1), pp. 48-49.
Third, the Outline of the Qing Emperor's Annals records: "On the 10th day of November, the sixty-first year of Kangxi, Xin Mao was fortunate in Nanyuan. Don't worry, go back to Changchun Garden. At noon on 13, it took a while to rise. Live sixty-nine years. Haike returned to the capital. Longkeduo is subject to testamentary edict, and there are clouds in it ... "Wang Hong: The Outline of Huang Qing Tongzhi, Volume IV. By the way, the date of "Shangxing Nanyuan" here is wrong, it should be1October 2 1 day (Kangxi 61).
Fourth,1723 65438+1kloc-0/4 June (September 16th of the first year of Yongzheng), the Czech missionary KarelSlavíek wrote in a letter sent to a friend from Nanchang: "In the south of Beijing, there is a vast royal hunting ground surrounded by. There are three summer palaces in the hunting ground, one in the south and the other in the south. The emperor often went there to hunt for fun ... 1722 65438+ In early February, the emperor went out hunting again. 12 13 (the sixth day of November in Kangxi), at 8 o'clock in the evening, the cold north wind suddenly blew, which made the emperor feel frozen and exhausted. He was transferred to the Summer Palace. On February 20th, 65438 (Kangxi 6 1 year1month13rd), his rule, his hunting for fun and his life ended. Before he died, he didn't ask a European to baptize him and send him to heaven. On his deathbed, he announced that his fourth prince would inherit the throne ... "(translated by Jia Yan (Czech Republic), Jungle and Li Mei: Letter from China (17 16- 1735), Elephant Publishing House, 2002, p. 40. It is reported that this is the earliest record of the cause of disease before the death of Emperor Kangxi, only ten months after his death. )
Fifth, according to Manchu archives, Yunchan was called from Ganzhou (now Zhangye, Gansu) to Beijing to attend the funeral on February 7th, 6 1 year of Kangxi. In Shuang Shan Fort, Shaanxi Province, he met the imperial clan Yan Xin, who was ordered to seal the letters for the acting general. Yunchan held his hand, stretched out the letter, and cried and repeatedly asked about the situation before Kangxi's death. Yan Xin reported: "After the warehouse inspection is completed, I will go to Haizi (Nanyuan) on 1 1 June 6th. That day, I met my master, and he asked me about the warehouse face to face. I waited a long time before I left. I think the host is a little weak and his face is thinner. The next day (the seventh day of November), the master returned to Changchun Garden to live. After I met the minister of the Eight Banners, I went to (Changchun Garden) to pay my respects on the first day 10. Command:' Don't come again.' We haven't been there since then. 14, Japan heard about it ... "Manchu memorial, continuation book", Kangxi, December 21, 61. According to records, it was the ninth day of October, and others were ordered to accompany Prince Yin Zhen of Yong to inspect the granaries in Tongzhou and other places. See "A Record of the Holy Father of Qing Dynasty", volume 299. In October of Kangxi's sixty-first year, he had a heart and Geng Wu; Volume 300, Ding Hai in November of Kangxi sixty-one.
Sixthly, Italian missionary Ma Guoxian wrote in his memoirs: "1722, at the beginning of the year, I was appointed as the translation and guidance of the emperor's watchmaker FatherAngelo. We work in the clock department of the capital office all day, which is more than two hours away from our residence in Changchun Garden. Therefore, the relevant officials ordered us to stay in the residence of Jesuits in France (nationality) or Portugal (nationality) ...
During this period (press, it should be 1722 65438+ February, that is, November 61 of Kangxi), your majesty, Haizi (hunting) in the pastoral gardens of past dynasties suddenly got inflammation. Because of the different climate, this disease is not as prevalent in northern China as in southern Italy ... Because of illness, the emperor returned to Changchun Garden, called Haidian. A day or two later, Europeans (missionaries) came here to greet the emperor's health. ...
1722 1722 On February 20th, I had dinner in my villa (children), and I was chatting with Father Angelo. Suddenly, it seems that there is a noisy sound coming from Changchun Garden, which is low and messy and unusual. Based on my understanding of the national conditions and people's feelings, I immediately locked the door and told my companions: If this happens, or the emperor dies, there will be rebellion in Beijing. In order to find out the cause of the rebellion, I boarded the wall of my residence and saw a winding road under it. I was surprised to see that countless cavalry were running in all directions, and they didn't talk to each other. After observing for a while, I finally heard people on foot say that Emperor Kangxi was dead. I was later told that when the doctor declared it incurable, he appointed his fourth son Yongzheng as his heir. Yongzheng ruled immediately and the people obeyed. One of the first things that the new emperor cared about was to dress his dead father. That night, he rode a horse, followed by his brothers, children and relatives, and escorted his father's body back to the Forbidden City with countless soldiers wearing drawn swords. "She pa. Matteo: MemoirsofFatherRipa, P 1 19.
Based on the materials in the above six languages, we can see that:
In the winter of Kangxi sixty-one, Emperor Kangxi, 69, suffered from various chronic diseases for a long time, and went to Nanyuan without waiting for his physical strength to recover. He was quite tired. 1 1 the sixth day of the month, still unwilling to support him. In Nanyuan, he called the fourth son of the emperor, Yin Zhen, Yan Xin, the imperial clan and other ministers who were ordered to investigate the granaries in Tongzhou and other places to listen to the newspaper. That night, there was a sudden strong wind and the temperature dropped suddenly. Emperor Kangxi, who was not indoors, immediately fell ill with a cold. Its "inflammation" may mean pneumonia. Due to the rapid onset, it is convenient for Nanyuan to return to Changchun Garden the next day (1 1 the seventh day of the month).
With the approach of the winter solstice (1 1 month15th), Emperor Kangxi needed to "rest and fast" and was in poor health, so he did not receive the prince and ministers. According to Ma Guoxian's memory, although the missionaries went to Changchun Garden to meet them, they failed to meet Emperor Kangxi himself. In addition, according to the law, during the "fasting" period, "the palace relatives did not teach lightly, and now they all live in the fasting palace", and Asako wrote a note: "Qing Palace Ci", which was written by 194 1 year. Therefore, the concubines don't associate with him.
During the break, his condition improved for a time. However, on the evening of1/month 13 (7:00-9:00), when people were having dinner, Emperor Kangxi suddenly died. The direct cause of death may be the sudden attack of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by pneumonia. For the elderly, even in today's highly developed medical technology, the serious consequences caused by this complication are not uncommon. Because of the sudden accident, people are more flustered and alert everywhere, such as the enemy in front of them. China Secretarial Writing Network personal work summary half a year's work summary annual work summary financial work summary teachers' work summary teaching work summary moral education work summary school work summary safety work summary youth league committee work summary party member work summary enterprise work summary class teacher work summary party branch work summary evening speech opening ceremony speech New Year speech wedding speech holiday speech evening speech mourning leader speech condolence congratulatory telegram annual work plan personal work plan school work plan party branch. Work Plan Work Plan of the Youth League Committee Work Plan of the Class Teacher Report Thought Report Material Experience Learning Experience Training Experience Work Experience Personal Appraisal Research Report Debriefing Report Internship Report Government Report Investigation Report Shu Lian Report Competition Speech Inaugural Speech Patriotic Speech Competition Speech Advanced Deeds Study Materials, Experience, Communication, Personal Deeds, Application Materials, Activity Planning, Work Plan, Rectification Plan, Implementation Plan, Marketing Plan, Rules and Regulations, Company notice laws and regulations, harmonious society, ideological propaganda, anti-corruption, analysis materials of the 17th National Congress, agriculture, rural areas and farmers, eight honors and eight disgraces, advanced education, organization and personnel skills and experience, resumes, job application templates, sample programs, games, letters and diaries, and party affairs meetings. Join the Party to apply for education and teaching, and corporate culture to join the League to apply for party member's related financial construction, environmental protection, party and government, justice, economic work contract agreement, etiquette norms, marriage era, Battier mainstream figures, peace, hello, inspirational life, life, law, panda hero, great man, wintersweet blossom, come on, love you without regret.
Ma Guoxian immediately learned that when the doctor announced the patient's death, Emperor Kangxi designated Yin Zhen, the fourth son of the emperor, as the heir. This statement seems unreasonable.
If the special patient who is the "master of the world" is in a deep coma and weak enough to die at any time, it is impossible for doctors to make such an assertion. To say the least, even if Emperor Kangxi has indeed reached this point, as long as there is breath, the physician will not declare that the emperor has no hope of treatment, but only after confirming that Emperor Kangxi has passed away, will he announce that the emperor welcomes the sky. However, if Emperor Kangxi was really dying, in do or die, how could he hear the physician say that there was no cure, and then announce the succession? In fact, if cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases suddenly attack, patients are often unconscious and unable to speak, and critically ill people are more likely to die without treatment.
Ma Guoxian heard about the death of Emperor Kangxi, which was hastily fabricated by Yong Zhengdi after he ascended the throne. In an emergency, it is inevitable that such an explanation to the government and the public will have loopholes and cannot be justified.