Su Shi (1037 ~111), also known as Su Dongpo, is called "Dongpo lay man". Famous writers, painters, writers, poets, poets and representatives of wild poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are called "Three Sus" in the world. It is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Wang Anshi was demoted because he wrote a letter arguing the disadvantages of Wang Anshi's new law and stabbed it with poetry. Chasing Wen Zhong after death. Literary leader and master in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. His prose is arbitrary, his poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and vigorous, and he is unique in using exaggeration and metaphor. His words are bold and unconstrained, and he is also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji, including The Complete Works of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Su Shi (1037 ~11), a native of Meishan, was named Dongpo, including Dongpo Collection, Houji and Continued. He has always been regarded as the greatest literati in the Song Dynasty, and has made great achievements in prose, poetry and ci. He criticized Wu Daozi's paintings, saying that "creativity lies in statutes, subtlety lies outside the bold". Judging from the poetic comments scattered in his works, these two sentences may be applied to himself casually to summarize his poetic theory and practice. The "uninhibited" in the last sentence should be thought-provoking, not a drunken rampage. The previous sentence can be regarded as the definition of "unruly". In the words that Su Shi can understand, it is: "Do what you want, don't you? 6? 4 moments "; In modern terms, freedom is based on the understanding of regularity, and creativity has full freedom under the permission of artistic laws. This is exactly what Su Shi has repeatedly stated. The composition should be as free and lively as "flowing clouds and flowing water" or "flowing clear water", but at the same time, it should be very cautious, "stop what you should do." After Li Bai, no one in ancient times could catch up with Su Shi's "verve". The main feature of his style is the richness, freshness and appropriateness of metaphors. In his poems, we can also see the so-called "Apollo" by people who pay attention to prose in the Song Dynasty or Shakespeare metaphors praised by westerners, and a series of various images express one aspect or a state of a thing. This method of description and contrast seems to adopt the "wheel-wheel war" mentioned in the old novel, with waves of unrest rising again and again, showing its true colors and surrendering to the poet's pen. China essayists, Zhuang Zhou and Han Yu, whom Su Shi likes, all use this technique. For example, Zhuang Zhou's Tian Yun uses six metaphors to illustrate this point, such as "the dog is old", "the ship is sailing on land, and the car is driving on water", "the ape is spying on clothes", "oranges are raw" and "ugly learning from western learning", while Han Yu's preface to sending stones uses "the river must be dirty. In China's poems, The Book of Songs is often written like this. For example, "Baizhou" in Guofeng refers to the artistic conception with three images: mirror, stone and mat, and "Four Trunks" in Xiaoya even says that "the lines of the building are as neat as wings, as spines, as birds and as flies". This metaphor is the most common in Han Yu's poems in the Tang Dynasty. For example, there are eight metaphors to describe the boldness of poetry, such as "seeing off the teacher without a teacher", and four metaphors to illustrate the talent of poetry, or "fist fight fell" in Shan Jutu. However, let's take a look at a passage in the first poem of Su Shi's "Hundred Steps of Flood": "It's like a rabbit walking an eagle, a falcon falling, and a good horse betting on a steep slope. The seven images in the four sentences are intricate and neat, which makes the examples of The Book of Songs and Han Yu seem unremarkable. Other examples, such as "Shi Gu Ge" uses six images to describe "being one or two", and "being one or two" in the first poem "Reading Meng Jiao" is four images. Like the famous sentence in He Zhu's Jade Case, comparing "tobacco", "wind catkins" and "Huang Meiyu" to "leisure worries" is a good metaphor. The most prominent one is "Flower Heart and Boudoir Love" written by Xie Yi, which uses nine things such as "flowers in the wind" as a metaphor for good deeds (Song Ci, page 652). Ancient theorists have long paid attention to the visualization of poetic language and attached great importance to metaphor; At this point, Su Shi fully met their requirements. Dongpo is a place name. At that time, Huangzhou Prefecture ruled the east of Huanggang (now Hubei). It is not a scenic spot, but for the author, it is a life world full of hardships and deep feelings. In the early years of Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong, the author was demoted to Huangzhou, abandoned and laid idle, and his life was very embarrassing. My old friend Ma Zhengqing can't stand it. He applied to the county for an abandoned old camp, and Su Shi rectified it and plowed it. This is Dongpo. The poet not only manages crops and fruit trees here, but also builds a living room-Tang Xue, and writes the four characters "Dongpo Tang Xue" in his own handwriting, calling himself Dongpo layman. Therefore, he fell in love here. At the beginning of the poem, Dongpo is placed in a clear scene. A lonely mountain and a quiet slope, the moonlight day is already lovely. The bright moonlight after the rain, through the dust-free blue sky, is applied to everything with new bath snow, and the pearl water is crystal clear. What a clear state! It's really a "clear" word. Xie Lingyun described the image of the jungle after the rain and said, "The jungle is full of clear water." . The poet's words can be traced back to the next step. The poet's writing at night is not meaningless. This realm is beyond the reach of "city people". "Japan and China are the city", people in the city are forced to make money and can only run around in the hot sun. Only the poet "Savage" who is divorced from the market and beyond the circle of fame and fortune can enjoy this scene alone. Only quiet people have elegant things, so "city people walk like savages." This poem, which is very natural and plain to read, makes us smell a noisy atmosphere from the "city people" and a feeling of seclusion and self-sufficiency from the "savage". The meaning of self-satisfaction and self-satisfaction is self-evident. The poet said in another poem: "I also know that creation has profound significance, so I sent a beautiful woman to an empty valley." Although it is a poem about Haitang in Dinghuiyuan, it is actually borrowed from the life experience of Haitang, which just helps us understand the artistic conception contained in this poem. So, in this unique world of poets, isn't there any regret? Yes Stones crisscross, and the road at the top of the slope is rugged and difficult to walk. But what's the big deal? Put the crutch on it, and with a loud noise, it will support the vigorous pace and move forward more vigorously. Without danger, there is no joy of conquest! There is no "correct slope head road" and no "loud drag stick sound"! A "no doubt", a "self-love", the heroic spirit of taking risks for pleasure and taking them as easy are all highlighted in this strong emotional contrast. Isn't this Right Slope the author's bumpy career? The author has always held this cheerful, optimistic and high-spirited attitude towards official career setbacks and will never be discouraged. This spirit can give people inspiration and strength. The reason why poetry is so touching is that the poet integrates this precious spirit with the objective scenery, forming a seamless realm; Every sentence is a scene, and there is not a sentence that is not a sentiment. Contains the feelings in the scene, deep and chewy. At the same time, the author has a statement written in the wind and rain in Dingfengbo: "If you don't listen to the sound of beating leaves in the forest, why not sing and walk slowly?" Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A misty rain is a lifetime. "It's similar to this poem, which is quite interesting by comparison.