(1) Being good at accumulating knowledge is an ocean of wisdom, a soil of ingenuity, and a "basic project" for resourceful people to produce ingenious strategies. Any originality is the comprehensive application and embodiment of rich natural science knowledge, social science knowledge and thinking science knowledge in social practice activities such as political struggle and military struggle. From the successful strategies in history, we can see that brilliant strategies all come from rich knowledge. Knowledge is transformed into wisdom, and wisdom produces intelligence. In this sense, the wise take knowledge as the "inducer", grasp the essential relationship between knowledge and practice through rich associations, and induce ingenious strategies. Facts have also proved that the richer the knowledge, the more it will provide soil and seeds for the emergence of clever strategies. All the famous military strategists in history are knowledgeable people. Sun Wu, who is regarded as a "soldier saint" by the world, is a great strategist. The Art of War, which he left to future generations, is one of the outstanding cultural heritages of the Chinese nation and a classic of China's ancient military culture. Sun Tzu's Art of War, which is recognized by the archaeological literature at present, is rich in content and profound in thought. From its content, we can see the breadth of its content: nine days, nine places, nine places, nine victories, ten middle schools, ten rounds, ten questions, ten arrays, ten officials, north and south, aspects, light and shade, reality, strangeness, use, calculation, shape, potential and so on. It covers almost all social life, from political economy to military diplomacy, from astronomical geography calendar to human feelings, birds and animals, from weapons and equipment to array tactics. It can be called the ancient "military encyclopedia", which shows that the author Sun Wu has profound knowledge. The politicians, strategists and strategists of the three countries, Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang, are all resourceful people who combine military affairs, politics, astronomy, geography and literary talent. Napoleon, a French military strategist, is a man with extensive reading and interests. He is well versed in military history, philosophy, mathematics and geography. In his dozens of battles, he condensed a lot of knowledge. Russian Kutuzov's profound attainments in intelligence should also benefit from his rich knowledge. He knows seven languages, including German and English. Archimedes was a great scientist and a strategist. From 2 18 BC to 20 1 year BC, the Roman Empire invaded the ancient city of Syracuse on Sicily in the Mediterranean for many times. In order to resist aggression, Syracuse, an ancient country, paid a heavy price. Most young people died in the fighting, leaving many old people, women and children behind. Archimedes, a famous scientist, also stepped forward and gave the enemy a heavy blow with his knowledge and wisdom. He designed a stone throwing device, which can throw heavy stones far away. When the enemy attacked, the stones dropped in the air made the enemy flee in panic. One day, in the hot sun, the invaders launched an attack with sailboats. Archimedes put a polished metal concave mirror on the wall, and cast the focus of concave mirror's reflection on the canvas of the enemy command ship. Because the sail was coated with grease, it was immediately ignited by the focus of concave mirror's reflection. Suddenly, the ship was filled with smoke, and the enemy was in a panic, diving for their lives, and other enemy ships that lost command fled in haste.
During the Spring and Autumn Period in China, Qi Huangong led troops to attack Solitary Bamboo, and when spring came back and winter came, he was fascinated by his way home. The learned Prime Minister Guan Zhong said, "The wisdom of an old horse can be used." So he released the reins of the old horse, and the old horse really led the Qi army out of the desert. When the troops couldn't find water to drink during the March and faced the difficulty of dying of thirst, Qi Huangong called ministers to discuss countermeasures. Minister Peng Ji said: "I heard that ants live in the shade in summer and in the sun in winter, and there must be water near the nest, so soldiers can go to Shannan to find the nest and dig deep." According to the plan, the troops found water and saved the whole army. These examples all illustrate the importance of knowledge to intelligence.
When we look at the resumes of several major divisions of the US military in the Iraq war, we can also clearly see the role of knowledge. Major General Blunt, commander of the Third Infantry Division, holds a master's degree in national security and strategic studies from the United States Naval War College. Major general Peterson, commander of the first cavalry division, holds a master's degree in business administration; Major General Odino, commander of the 4th Infantry Division, holds a master's degree in nuclear engineering and a master's degree in national security and strategic studies. 10 1 Major General Petris, commander of air assault division, holds a doctorate in international relations from Princeton University, a famous American university, and was a professor of international relations at West Point Military Academy. In fact, in the ranks of US military officers, the academic qualifications of these teachers are not unusual. The data shows that among the 300,000 US military officers, 65,438+million have master's degrees or above, and the rest are undergraduate degrees. Of course, education can't explain anything, but the knowledge and ability it contains are easy to imagine.
(2) Being good at optimizing knowledge in various knowledge structures. The biggest difference between intelligent knowledge structures and other types of knowledge structures is mainly reflected in the specific content of subject knowledge and the breadth and depth of adjacent knowledge and marginal knowledge. The main knowledge requirements of intelligent knowledge structure are deeper and more comprehensive, and the adjacent and marginal knowledge requirements are deeper and richer. In fact, the resourceful knowledge structure necessary for a leader is not a fixed model, let alone a fixed framework, but a multi-level, developing, dynamic, diverse and integrated structure. Everyone constructs their own knowledge structure purposefully according to the actual needs of work. Asking them to be knowledgeable is not to let them know everything, which is actually impossible to achieve, but to learn and master the most useful knowledge in the work according to the principle of integrity, so as to establish a knowledge structure that is not optimal but relatively applicable. Then, expand the thinking antenna to other knowledge fields, and gradually achieve profound and best transition. Everyone has his own specific knowledge structure, but if he wants to be resourceful and farsighted, he must adapt his knowledge structure to the requirements of his own planning. For example, you have to plan a grand plan to protect your family and govern the country. If you are not familiar with history, events and multiple strategies, you think that you can save the "three armed forces from fire and water, and save the general trend from collapse" in the future. This can only be a daydream.
What knowledge should we master to improve our intelligence? Zhuge Liang said: "I don't know astronomy, geography, strange doors, yin and yang, array diagram and military intelligence for the general. I am a mediocre man." Clausewitz said in On War: "In the field of military activities, different positions of commanders need different knowledge. If the position is low, what is needed is some specific knowledge in a narrow sense. If the position is higher, then what is needed is some broad common sense. " Planners at all times and all over the world give priority to profound knowledge, take professional knowledge as the core, and build their own knowledge structure with profound adjacent knowledge and rich marginal knowledge as the supplement. It can be considered that a resourceful enthusiast must have a resourceful knowledge structure if he wants to improve his resourceful level. Mao Zedong can be regarded as a generation of wise men. From his knowledge structure, we can see that among his extensive social, natural, thinking and psychological knowledge, profound political and historical knowledge, profound Marxist philosophy knowledge and rich literary knowledge are the main framework of his knowledge structure, and among his profound historical knowledge, the study of ancient wise men is the most profound. It can be said that Mao Zedong's knowledge structure is the most original and strategic. In fact, when you are a leader, you should have a corresponding knowledge structure; In which line of work, there should be a corresponding knowledge structure. Generally speaking, military leadership is different from local leadership, party leadership is different from administrative leadership, administrative leadership is different from enterprise leadership, and superior leadership is superior to subordinate leadership, which is determined by the objective laws of things.
When Mr. Hu Shi studied in Japan in 1962, he proposed that writing should be extensive and profound. He divided people's knowledge structure into "extensive" (like a thick brick) and "profound" (like a brick erected). He advocates that knowledge should be broad and profound, like an isosceles triangle. The height and width should be proportional. In the 1970s, it was suggested that the general knowledge structure of resourceful talents should be like a "T" shape, with a horizontal and vertical "T", where the horizontal represents width and the vertical represents depth. Now, I don't think it is very accurate. As a wise person, the knowledge structure should be like a "meter" shape. The word "meter" is a cross, a center line, and then radiates in all directions, or there is a metaphor. It can also be shaped like a well. The middle piece is the basic knowledge, and then extends in eight directions. This metaphor only shows that a smart person should have a scientific and reasonable knowledge structure, which is based on the basic knowledge of social science, humanities and natural science, followed by various related professional knowledge and comprehensive subject knowledge. Intellectuals at different levels are required to have different knowledge structures. The higher the level, the more comprehensive the knowledge needed, and the more comprehensive the knowledge needed in decision science, leadership science, thinking science, strategic science and creative science. If the content of your plan is the grand plan of governing the country and securing the country, then you should study more and learn more knowledge. If you are a leader in a certain professional field, you are required to learn the professional knowledge in this field thoroughly. (3) Being good at activating knowledge The so-called activation of your own knowledge means that you must turn these dead knowledge learned in class and books into your own knowledge. When we talk about studying Marxism, we should learn positions, viewpoints, methods, activities, activities and applications. We should work hard on the word "live". Reading dead books, reading dead books and reading articles will be like Zhao Kuo's "Talking about Soldiers", which will make people laugh. There are many tricks on the back, but they are stiff and rigid to use. Such a person can't fail. Take pedantry as an example. "Taking circuitous as a straight line" means "taking circuitous road, luring it for profit, and future generations will make a fortune, and the ancestors will arrive". Deliberately detour, avoid the enemy's frontal key defense, March by the enemy's unexpected route, and even lure the enemy with small profits, so that the enemy's attention can be focused on the front and the defense against non-frontal areas can be relaxed. Since ancient times, this kind of art of war has been used incisively and vividly by people and achieved amazing results. At the end of the Three Kingdoms, general Deng Ai of Wei led an army to bypass the sword gate guarded by Jiang Wei, and made a detour from the mountains, taking the valley, taking Jiangyouguan directly and capturing Shu, which is a vivid example of the transformation from "pedantry" to "straightness". Some knowledge looks unremarkable, but I don't know when it will be useful, and sometimes it can even play a very important role. Historical materials such as ancient and modern battlefields, old horses finding their way, straw boats borrowing arrows, spreading beans into soldiers, and fire bulls can fully explain this problem. Marshal Liu Bocheng is a Sichuanese and knows the customs of the Yi people. It seems to have nothing to do with the military, but it plays an important role at a critical time. 1May, 935, the Central Red Army entered the Yi residential area during the Long March. The enemy used the wisdom of "visiting relatives and bringing old friends" to incite and win over the Yi people against the Red Army. According to Yi customs, Liu Bocheng, the chief of staff of the Red Army, made a small alliance with the leader of the Guji family and made friends, thus defeating the enemy's plot. The Red Army successfully passed through the Yi residential area.
On the basis of accumulating, optimizing and activating knowledge, we should also be good at capturing knowledge. We should learn from society, teachers, parents, friends and colleagues, and learn in life, work and environment. People who love learning are full of knowledge and can learn things everywhere; People who don't like learning will feel bored in the face of the ocean of knowledge. Everyone has his own knowledge structure, some reasonable and some unreasonable. Unreasonable should find ways to make it reasonable; Reasonable knowledge structure does not mean that everything is fine and you can sit back and relax. It is necessary to constantly supplement and update the knowledge structure to make it more reasonable in order to adapt to the rapidly changing objective world. Why do you say that? Because things change with time, things change with feelings, that is to say, objective things are always in the process of continuous development, and so is the knowledge that reflects objective things. Therefore, the rationality of anyone's knowledge structure is only relative. In a certain period of time, a certain position is reasonable, but with the development of the times, the progress of science and technology and the promotion of the position, the knowledge learned in the past will age and change in an unreasonable direction. This is especially true as a commander, because the battlefield is the fastest changing field and the commander's post changes greatly. If you don't update your knowledge and adjust your knowledge structure in time, you will not be able to keep up with the new situation, new situation and new changes in modern warfare and will be eliminated.
With the development of science and technology, we should update our knowledge. It is no exaggeration to use the word "changing with each passing day" to describe the development of science and technology and weapons and equipment. Today's era is an era of innovation, information and knowledge index growth. In this era, the speed of knowledge updating is accelerated, and the total amount of knowledge has increased dramatically. According to research, the knowledge gained by human beings in the past 30 years is approximately equal to the sum of the past 2000 years, and by 2050, the amount of knowledge that human beings have today will only be 1% of the total knowledge at that time. It can be seen that the speed of knowledge updating is unprecedented. Taking the computer field as an example, its rapid development and the number of new technologies and products are amazing, so that people vividly describe that the only constant in the computer field is change. This is particularly evident in the military field. Guns, planes, tanks, artillery, ships, missiles and other weapons, a new generation of products will appear every once in a while; The first generation of weapons has not been retired, the new generation of weapons has been equipped with troops, the first generation of weapons is still being tried out, and the new generation of weapons is being developed. As a commander, if you don't update your knowledge in time, or the speed of updating your knowledge can't keep up with the pace of the times, the progress of science and technology, and the development of weapons and equipment, it will be difficult to take on the heavy responsibility of commanding and planning modern wars. In addition, the progress of technology and its application in the military field will inevitably lead to the change or reform of combat mode. However, the change or reform of combat mode will inevitably lead to profound changes in military theory. At present, the military field is undergoing an unprecedented fundamental change with informationization as the core, and various new ideas, concepts, new ideas, new theories and new concepts emerge one after another, from the "third wave revolution" to the "new military revolution in the world", from the "2 1 century war" to the "information war" and from the "digital force" to the "integrated force". From "air-ground battle" to "joint operation" to "integrated joint operation", from "shock theory" to "system destruction", from "three-dimensional war" to "space war", "satellite war" and "new concept weapon war", commanders need to understand, understand and master it. Only those commanders who have great interest in new technologies, new theories and new knowledge and devote great enthusiasm to mastering them can adapt to the requirements of future wars and become "masters" in the future battlefield. At the same time, we have to adapt to the adjustment and change of posts and expand the knowledge we need. (4) Being good at capturing and practicing knowledge is inseparable from diligent study and assiduous study. Gorky said: "Genius comes from diligence." Hua said, "you can't get knowledge by luck, and no one will give it to you." Diligence requires perseverance. " When Mao Zedong was young, he said, "If you understand one thing today, you will understand one thing tomorrow, and you will understand it after a long time." Their conclusions about the premise of success are all efforts. Marshal Chen Yi's hard study career also illustrates this truth. 192 1 year 10. In October, Chen Yi was forcibly repatriated by China and the French government for participating in the patriotic movement of students studying in France, and lived in his hometown of Lezhi, Sichuan for half a year. During this period, he made a strict study plan for himself, and the daily study, labor and exercise time exceeded 16 hours. There is a self-singing learning poem written by him as proof: "From the third journey of cock crow, learn a foreign language by the river." Morning is precious, and every minute needs to be cherished. Finish all the subjects before noon, and be proficient in righteousness. Remember not to neglect one thing, pride is the enemy. In the afternoon, people are pastoral, sweating like rain and gaining true knowledge. Sow affection and love, and reap whole grains. There will be hundreds in the evening, and the host will invite them all. Discuss what's going on in the world and conspire to govern the country. Academic success lies in diligence. Diligence and perseverance. Not afraid of wind and rain, thunderbolt helps power. " A generation of mentor Lenin also benefited from his profound knowledge and profound wisdom, and his college diploma was obtained by self-study. /kloc-At the age of 0/7, he was expelled from Kazan University for taking part in revolutionary activities, but this did not shake his belief in learning. He made a strict study plan for himself and taught himself the law department of the university. He put a table and a bench under the bodhi tree at home. Every morning, I hold a lot of books and study hard there. After lunch, he reads theory books, newspapers and magazines, and lights an oil lamp at night to continue his study. A year and a half later, he systematically studied dozens of courses in the law department and took the Petersburg graduation exam as an off-campus student. Because of his excellent grades, the school awarded him an excellent diploma. What is more commendable is that Lenin's spirit of studying hard remains for life. Zhuge Liang, respected by our people as the embodiment of wisdom, lost his parents when he was young. 17 years old, avoiding chaos and living in Longzhong (now Xiangyang West, Hubei Province). He became a small house, cultivated the fields, earned his own living and lived a very poor life. /kloc-during the 0/0 years of seclusion, he was ambitious and studied hard, from social history to a hundred schools of thought, from the art of war to literary masterpieces. His erudition laid a solid foundation for his future career. He helped Liu Bei to establish a great cause with amazing military strategy, and competed with Wei and Wu, who were far stronger than Shu, to form a three-point world pattern. He also wrote works such as "Jiang Yuan", which were included in Sui Shu Jingji Zhi, Zhongxing Bibliography, Zhuge Jiliang and other ancient books and passed down to future generations. Marshal Mao Qi, known as "the greatest chief of general staff in western history", is a scholar who loves learning, is good at learning and has extraordinary energy. At the age of eight, he began to receive education from a village priest. Two years later, he entered the Royal Military Academy in Copenhagen. At the age of 22, he was admitted to the Prussian Military Academy, where he received systematic education and training in multiple disciplines. He is interested in the war history of Canitz, the physics of Elsa, and especially the geography of Riter. Due to his tireless study, his health was damaged and he had to drop out of school to recuperate. Mao Qi was frustrated in his early years and didn't become a major until he was 42, but admirably, this didn't weaken his enthusiasm for studying military affairs. He devoted himself to studying military history, Napoleon's tactics and clausewitz's theory, and absorbed their advantages, but he did not blindly follow them. From Napoleon, he learned that mobility is the soul of war, so he realized that railways would become the most important factor in strategy; From clausewitz, he learned the close relationship between policy and strategy, so he was very interested in political and foreign affairs. In addition, he introduced advanced technologies such as rifles, railways, telegrams and tethered balloons, as well as new disciplines such as statistics, economics and geography into the war, which laid the foundation for the operational command of modern large armies in many aspects. It is because of his profound knowledge and flexible mind that he has won every battle and never lost. Together with Bismarck and Ron, he completed the founding of the German Empire. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, who fought for the clear sea, created the heyday of the Qing Dynasty and was also a typical example of diligence. According to historical records, Kangxi knew how to study at the age of five. When I was seventeen or eighteen, I was too tired to study, which led to hemoptysis and still refused to rest. Even when the San Francisco rebellion was put down and there was a lot of work to be done, he was still studying. When I was on my southern tour, I played drums three times in the evening, but I still didn't neglect my studies. In his later years, he still couldn't put it down. He studied Confucianism all his life and advocated it. Astronomy, geography, calendar, music, law, tactics, riding and shooting, medicine, Mongolian, western regions, Latin alphabet, everything. Knowledgeable and resourceful, he wiped out traitors, pacified San Francisco, resisted foreign enemies, unified the whole country, and made the Qing Dynasty enter its heyday.
Studying hard is not a dead study without thinking. Reading should also pay attention to methods. If the method is right, it will get twice the result with half the effort. Comrade Mao Zedong's "four-plus" reading method is enough as a seal: (1) Read more books-including not only a lot of reading, but also reading major books or articles several times for better understanding. Mao Zedong repeatedly read The Collection of Drinking Rooms, Han Yu's ancient prose and Tang and Song poems until he knew them by heart. He loves reading poems and can recite more than 400 ancient poems. (2) Write more-that is, write lectures in time in class and write more reading notes after class. In addition to Mao Zedong's notebooks, there are also selected transcripts and excerpts of the whole article. After years of accumulation, this notebook has several big baskets. I often write eyebrows when reading. A book Principles of Ethics has only 65,438+10,000 words, but he wrote more than12,000 words on the page. (3) Think more-in the process of reading, you should know which views are right and which are wrong. In the comment on writing, Mao Zedong not only simply expressed his approval, opposition and doubt, but also comprehensively compared them according to the different theories of scholars in previous dynasties, and then put forward his own views. (4) Ask more questions-if you don't understand, ask in time. When studying at Hunan First Normal University, Mao Zedong not only taught himself at school and asked his teachers for advice, but also often went to Changsha for advice.
Training knowledge is inseparable from investigation and research. When it comes to investigation and research, its essence is a comprehensive thinking process of people finding problems, analyzing problems and seeking countermeasures, and it is one of the effective methods to improve their intellectual ability. This process begins with investigation and ends with research. Investigation is the basis of research. Comrade Mao Zedong said in the preface and postscript of the Rural Survey: "The only way to understand the situation is to make a survey to the society and investigate the vivid situation of all social classes." "All practical workers must investigate down. This kind of investigation is especially necessary for people who only know the theory but don't know the actual situation, otherwise it will be impossible to link theory with practice. No investigation, no right to speak. Stalin also said: "If theory is not connected with revolutionary practice, it will become a theory without objects. "Correct research must be based on scientific investigation. During thousands of years of civilization in China, there are many famous soldiers, commanders, strategists and strategists. They pay attention to summing up experience and studying history, and insist on guiding practice with theory. Many of them are not only generals on the battlefield, but also heroes in the literary world; He is not only an expert in military strategy, but also an expert in writing. Sun Wu is the crown of ancient military theorists. He lived in Qi State with rich military background since childhood, and his grandfather was a famous soldier in Qi State. The influence of family style provided conditions for him to embark on a military career. But more importantly, he was full of enthusiasm for military life, attached great importance to observing and studying the wars between vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period, carefully studied the art of war, absorbed the essence of southern soldiers, military affairs and hundred schools of thought, wrote the immortal Sun Tzu, discussed the rules of war, the way to run the army and win the battle, and revealed the universal guiding law of war, which was recognized as the holy book of military strategists. Cao Cao was the first person who laid a scientific foundation for the study of Sun Zi in ancient times. Cao Cao loved the art of war all his life. Based on his own combat experience, he wrote a book, Wei Wudi on Sun Tzu, with more than 654.38 million words, which set the first milestone for the study of Sun Tzu. He has commanded more than 50 battles with strategic characteristics, such as the battle of Guandu, the battle of Xu Huai, the raiders of Liucheng, the battle between the enemy and ourselves in Hefei, and the changeable tactics in Kansai, all of which show his superb fighting art. These typical historical examples can be found in Sun Tzu, but they are not the fixed pattern of Sun Tzu, but the result of his "learning from Sun Wu without mud". It is the result of his research, re-creation and re-development of military science.
Practical knowledge is inseparable from summing up experience. In the history of China for thousands of years, it is also true in the world. There are countless famous soldiers, commanders, strategists and strategists who pay attention to summing up experience, studying history and drawing lessons from it. Some are famous soldiers on the battlefield, and some are military strategists. Li Jing of the Tang Dynasty was born in an official family. However, he doesn't want to be a playboy. He has been studying Sun Tzu's Art of War since he was a teenager. He likes Sun Wu's The Art of War best, and often discusses and summarizes the ways of fighting with his uncle Han Qinhu. He has been a military soldier all his life, and he has been through many battles, winning many battles and losing few battles, which can be described as remarkable achievements. Tang Wen Li Quan is one of Jason Wu's seven books, which is the result of his own combat practice and summing up the previous experience. Napoleon loved military history all his life and paid special attention to summing up the experience of his predecessors. He made a detailed study of Hannibal, Alexander, Caesar and other ancient European famous names. In many major battles he later commanded, you can find the ingenuity of these ancient famous soldiers. From the perspective of epistemology, this is a great leap from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. The advantage of summing up experience lies in promoting this leap. Through investigation and study, the knowledge, intelligence and skills of the mastermind are fully blended, linked and refined with the problems to be solved, and on this basis, they can be regenerated, form new ideas and produce new strategies; Through summary and research, we can broaden the horizons of the wise, strengthen the exchange of new ideas and draw nutrition from others. He is a stone from other mountains, attacking my jade and improving my intelligence.