Zhang Ji (about 766-830) was born in Wujiang (now Wujiang Town and County, Anhui Province). Han nationality, who moved to Hezhou several generations ago, was born in Wujiang, Hezhou (now Wujiang Town, Anhui County). The world calls it "Zhang Shuibu" and "Zhang". Zhang Ji is Han Yu's great disciple, and his Yuefu poems are as famous as Wang Jian's, also known as "Zhang Wang Yuefu". Representative works include Qiu Si, Ode to Women, Wild Old Songs and so on.

Later, Li Shen, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi became close friends and became advocates and participants of the New Yuefu Movement.

Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems have made great artistic achievements. He is good at summarizing the opposites of things, forming a strong contrast between several articles or articles, and is good at using sketching techniques to depict various characters in detail and truly. Its genre is mostly new Yuefu, that is, "great events and famous articles", and sometimes it can borrow old topics to make new ones. The language is simple, simple and implicit, and it is often written in spoken language.

He also deliberately refined the conclusion to achieve the effect of implicit criticism and irony. Zhang Ji's five laws are not decorative, but carved, concise, smooth and euphemistic, which has a great influence on the five laws in the late Tang Dynasty.

Appreciation of works:

Ideological content:

In the prosperous Tang dynasty, quatrains were full of feelings and scenes, with less narrative elements; In the middle Tang Dynasty, narrative elements gradually increased, and daily life events often became the common theme of quatrains, and the style changed from vigorous romance to realism in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Zhang Ji's Qiu Si is full of emotion. With the help of a pregnant fragment in daily life, the thoughts and actions when sending a letter home are very real and delicate, expressing the deep nostalgia of people who are away from home for their loved ones.

Appreciate:

The first sentence explains the reason of "the writer's book" ("watching the autumn wind"), saying that staying in Luoyang city and watching the autumn wind. Plain narrative, not exaggerated, but meaningful. The autumn wind is invisible, audible, tangible and tangible, but it seems invisible. However, just as the earth can be dyed green and bring boundless spring colors, the cold air contained in the autumn wind can also make the leaves of trees turn yellow and the flowers wither, bringing a wide range of autumn colors, autumn capacity and autumn state to nature and human beings.

It is invisible, but it can be seen everywhere. A wanderer in a foreign land, seeing all these bleak and crumbling scenes, will inevitably arouse the loneliness of staying in a foreign land and cause long-term thoughts of his hometown and relatives. This plain and meaningful word "see" gives readers rich hints and associations.

The second sentence is followed by "look at the autumn wind" and the word "think" is written on the front. Hans Zhang in the Jin Dynasty "thought of Wuzhong leek, soup, and lived because of the autumn wind, saying,' Life is expensive but you don't want it. Why do you stay thousands of miles and become famous?' Then I rode home (Biography of Hans Zhang in the Book of Jin). Zhang Jizu was born in Wujun and now lives in Luoyang. The situation is similar to that of Hans Zhang. When he was homesick, he thought about "Looking at the Autumn Wind", which may be associated with the story of Hans Zhang.

However, due to various unspecified reasons, Hans Zhang could not "drive home" and had to write home to express his homesickness. This makes the homesickness already deep and strong, and adds the disappointment of wanting to return, and the thoughts become more complicated. The word "desire" is closely related to "watching the autumn wind". The word "desire" is quite interesting. It turns out that the poet's mood is calm, like a clear water.

The autumn wind blew his emotional ripples. It expresses the poet's thoughts and modality when laying paper and stretching his pen: I have mixed feelings in my heart, and I feel that I have something to pour out, but I don't know where to start or how to express it at the moment. The writing is fluent, but at the end of the sentence, the word "heavy meaning" suddenly came back, just like calligraphy.

Therefore, the poet's feelings here are not downstream, but deeper. This technology, seemingly ordinary, is actually extremely high. The poet is homesick for the autumn wind and wants to write a book. There are thousands of words, and I don't know where to start. "Meaning is important", but using virtual reality.

Liu Yuxi said in "Song of the Knife Ring": "Today, facing each other, the pulse is full of gravity." "Ten thousand centers of gravity" and "ten thousand meanings" are extremely complicated thoughts and feelings. Every reader with life experience can understand how much care there is. How to write this book because it is full of meaning? Did you write it? The author didn't make it clear for the reader to imagine, which is endless and thought-provoking.

In three or four sentences, put aside the specific process and content of writing letters, and just cut out a detail when the home letter is about to be sent. "I am so anxious that I can't say it. The pedestrians are going to open again." The poet felt unable to write because of his "heavy meaning", and he was too busy to think about it because of the messages from passers-by. His deep and rich feelings and unspeakable contradictions were "urged", making this letter containing thousands of words almost "I tried to read your reminder, but the ink was too weak" (Li Shangyin's Four Untitled Poems).

The book is sealed, as if it had been said; But when passers-by were about to hit the road, they suddenly felt that they were in a hurry just now, for fear of missing anything important in the letter, so they hurriedly opened the envelope. The word "fear again" describes psychological nuances. This "imminent opening" action is not so much to add a few words that I haven't had time to say, but rather to verify my doubts and concerns.

The uncertainty of this "fear" actually prompted the poet to make a decision to "reopen" without thinking, which shows that he attached importance to this "meaningful" letter from home and deeply missed his loved ones, for fear of missing a word. If you really think that the poet has remembered something and added something, it will turn the vivid details full of poetry into a dull record. The reason why this detail is pregnant and chewy is precisely because it is produced on the psychological basis of "doubt" rather than "necessity".

The phenomenon of "pedestrians come and go" in life is not all typical and worth writing in poetry. Only when it is associated with a specific background and a specific psychological state can it show its typical significance. Therefore, in the case of "looking at the autumn wind", "meaningful" and "fearful", writing the details of "about to start" itself includes refining and typifying life materials, rather than simply describing life.

Wang Anshi commented on the poem, saying that "it seems to be the most extraordinary, easy but difficult to achieve" ("On Zhang Shi"), which is a comment that has won the essence of excellent work and bitterness. This poem, which is extremely natural, extremely plain and as natural as life itself, seems to be a vivid example of Wang Anshi's meticulous comments.

The whole poem is coherent, clear, simple and truly expresses the wandering mentality. In feudal society, people who have lived in different places for a long time often have similar experiences. This very ordinary little thing, very ordinary subject matter, once refined by the poet, has a representative significance. Later generations often read it and often sigh with empathy. The so-called empathy, empathy.