Many of Gao's surnames were changed by ethnic minorities. For example, during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Murong of Xianbei nationality changed his surname to Gao; Lushi of Xianbei Tuoba Department, and some people changed their surnames to Gao; In the Koguryo family, some people changed their surnames to Gao. According to textual research, Gao's surname first came from Henan, and it developed greatly in Shandong after the Spring and Autumn Period. Gao entered Fujian twice in Tang Dynasty, and moved to Taiwan Province during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. Gao's main settlements are Bohai, Liaodong, Guangling, Henan, Yuyang, Ji You, Jingzhao, Jinling and Anping.
Gao Shi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Dezhou (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province). He was poor when he was young, then joined the army and became an official in his later years. Because of his familiarity with military life, his poems mostly reflected the frontier fortress situation and the sufferings of soldiers at that time, and he was a frontier fortress poet as famous as Cen Can. Ge Yanxing is his masterpiece.
Re-discussion on the origin of Gao surname
Gao's surname first appeared in the period of the Yellow Emperor in ancient times. According to China's earliest book "Shiben", which systematically records the origin of surnames, "The minister of the Yellow Emperor is lofty and the official is supreme." Chronology of Bamboo Book: The Yellow Emperor "lived with the bear". There is a bear, which is now Xinzheng, Henan. This shows that there was a high surname in ancient Henan. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu Zhishen, the sixth grandson of Lu Shang (that is, Jiang Ziya), had a son named Gongzi Gao, who was sealed in Gao (now southwest of Yuzhou City, Henan Province). The grandson of Gongzi Gao is surnamed Gao, taking his grandfather's fief as his surname, and his descendants are surnamed Gao. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Shu's "Tracing the Origin of Surnames" said: Gao Zhen, the general and the secretariat of Yingzhou, wrote an inscription saying: First, cover the descendants of Emperor Yan, who once worked for four mountains. He was ordered by Yu Shun, Lv Shangzuo and Zhou, and arrested Boyi. Give it to the later countries and never forget it. If there is a noble son in his family, it is Yan. "
Some high surnames belong to other surnames. "The Book of Northern Qi" records: "Northern Qi is famous for its height. At that time, An and Yuan were Xianbei people, and they all changed their Han surname to Yuan. Because of their achievements in Beiqi, Gao Yang gave them a high surname, and later they became high surnames. "Wei Shu also said:" The emperor of the later Yan Murong, a Xianbei person, claimed to be a descendant of Levin, so he changed his surname to Gao Yun (also in Henan). "According to relevant records, after Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, he changed the compound surname of Xianbei people from Lou to Gao. Also, in the Northern Qi Dynasty, Gao Longzhi, an important official, was originally a member of the Xu family. Because his father was raised by Gao and made friends with Gao Huan, he changed his surname to Gao and later became a noble family (see Origin of Surnames in China).
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gao Hong, the governor of Bohai Sea, lived in Xiuxian County (Jingxian County, Hebei Province) and was a famous family at that time. He has a lot of sun rumors, so he takes Bohai as the county name. Gao Hong's fourth grandson spoke highly of him as a Prince Taifu. Gao Gao's grandson Gao Cheng made a toast to the whole country. Therefore, the Gaos in Bohai Sea have been a big family for quite a long time. Later, some descendants of Gao Hong moved to Fujian. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Gao Shoujue, a physician in Zhangzhou, Fujian, moved to Nagasaki, Japan. Shoujue's son Gao Yu 1643 was appointed as a Japanese Tang Datong. Because it belongs to Bohai Gaoguan, the Japanese name was changed to Bohai Kyubee, which became the Bohai Sea of Japan. Gao Xuandai, Gao's second son, is known as a "Japanese genius". (See History of the Origin of Yanhuang)
The third surname of Guangling County in Yangzhou is Gao (later, the eleventh surname also has Gao), which is a branch of Wu Danyang's satrap Gao Rui, and the fourth disciple is Moling. During the Warring States Period, Chu Weiwang established himself in Yangcheng (Guangzhou), Jianwu, Gao Xiang, claiming to be a high-quality worker in Qiyuan, and then developed and multiplied in Guangdong.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, people from Gushi, Henan Province, led a military academy to Kaizhangzhou County, Fujian Province, and participated in it. When he was in China, Gao entered Fujian and spread the story of the sixth generation to Gaoyi, who moved to Anping (Anhai Town, Jinjiang, Fujian), and his descendants moved to Nan 'an and Anxi Taiping. This branch of Gaozu's ancestral home is also in Henan.
There is also a branch of Gao's family, which moved from southwest Gansu to central Yunnan as early as the end of the Han Dynasty and became the most popular surname of Baiman. In the first year of Song Shaosheng, Gao Shengtai seized Duan's political power in Dali and became king on his own, which was called Greater China. It was spread in Gao Taiming, and in the third year of Shaosheng, the emperor was also located in Duan. He was still named Duke of China. He was the prime minister of Dali, who controlled Dali's political power and was called the Lord of the High Kingdom. Their descendants are Yunnan Tusi in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Records of Local Officials recorded that Chuxiong local officials were senior officials and passed on their wives and daughters Gao Dongmei. And Heqing, the military and civilian magistrate, Gao Qing,
In the fifteenth year of Ming Hongwu, he passed on his son Gaozong and Sun (Gao). Xing Di, Jie Bao Zi (remark). Heqing House, with thousands of troops and horses, is high in the sea, which was given by ancestors, and was a household in Hijikata Chizuru in the Yuan Dynasty. Gaohai was attached to the early Ming Dynasty and was the master of thousands of households. Nine of them were passed on to (Gao) Yu, a vassal and director of hereditary affairs. Later, it spread to Gao Yingxing, which was abolished. There is also a judge who highlights Beisheng County. Ming Hongwu has served for 16 years. Chuanzilin, Sun Ying, Zeng, Guang, Photon Zhen.
In the Origin of Hakka Surnames in Meizhou, Guangdong Province, it is recorded: "Gao Hong was appointed as the satrap of Bohai Sea in the Han Dynasty, and his eleventh descendant Gao Chai was given to Gong Bo Gong in the Tang Dynasty, and was named Gongcheng Gong in the Song Dynasty. This is why it is named "Gonghoutang". Its temple association is: Hou Shide, the voice of Bohai home. Gao family in Fujian takes Gao Chai as its ancestor. Sun Gaokuang, a descendant of Chai, was born in the tenth year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 183). He gave lectures with Hui 'an (Zhu) in Wuyi Jingshe, Fujian, and then settled in Shaowu. Tan, the son of Kuang, was born to Yi, Yi and Qi, and lived in Longxi, Fujian. Living in Shaowu, he gave birth to three children: Zhao Wen, Wen Hui and Wen Jian. Wen Hui moved to Shibi Village, Ninghua County and gave birth to a son: (name) Shiro ... Yuan Zhen moved to Yun Sheng Lane, Shanghang in the second year and gave birth to four sons: Shiro, Shiro and Shiro. Bai Yilang and Bai Erlang's descendants moved to Hui, Chao and Jia in Guangdong; The descendants of Bai and Bai Shiro moved to four or four places in Jiangxi. "
As can be seen from the above, Gao's roots are in Henan, and he hopes to be in Bohai, Yuyang, Liaodong and Guangling. With the change of dynasties. Gao's surname is not only spread all over the country, but also many people emigrate overseas.
In the history of China, 14 people took the high surname as the king and established the regimes of Beiqi, Yan and Jingnan. Among them, the Northern Qi established by Gao Yang in the Eastern Wei Dynasty on behalf of Wei and Gigi Lai lasted for 28 years; At the end of the peasant uprising army, Gao Kaidao called Rebecca four years; In the Five Dynasties, Gao Jixing established Jingnan in Jiangling, which lasted 19 years.
Gao also has some celebrities. For example, Gao Chai in the Spring and Autumn Period was a disciple of Confucius, kind and filial, and was sheltered by others during the chaos. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a famous scholar Yin Gao. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, there was Gao Huan, the prime minister who ruled the country exclusively. There were ministers in the Northern Dynasties and the Northern Wei Dynasty. At the end of Sui Dynasty, there was Gao Shida, the leader of peasant uprising army. Gao Lishi, the eunuch of the Tang Dynasty, defended Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty dozens of times. There are poets Gao Shi, generals Gao Chongwen, Gao Xianzhi and Gao Pian.
According to the data of population sampling survey, Gao's surname is 15 in China. In the long historical development, Gao's surname began in the north, mainly Han nationality. Later, in many large-scale ethnic integration, many people with high surnames merged into ethnic minorities, that is, ethnic minorities with more than 10, especially Bai and Tujia. At the same time, people who migrated from north to south went to Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces, and then some people migrated to Japan, Southeast Asia and some countries and regions in Europe and America.