1 He killed Mao Daozhu, namely Mao Longwen. In fact, I don't think there is anything wrong with Mao Longwen. Mainly because Comrade Yuan Chonghuan thought he was disobedient, he was beheaded. At that time, Chongzhen was very scared to hear the news. Think about how busy Huang Taiji is over there. Finally, the good brothers blocked Chongzhen for a while. As a result, Yuan was beheaded, but Chongzhen was hard to say. After all, few people can use it.

Many things written in the history of Qing dynasty are basically ridiculous in this paragraph. Later, when Chongzhen tried to kill Yuan, it was recorded like this.

Actually, Chongzhen didn't want to kill Yuan Chonghuan.

1 February1day, the day Yuan Chonghuan was arrested, Chongzhen gave a statement that dismissal was a disgrace.

These four words mean to be relieved of duty first, and then it's up to you.

It depends, which means you don't have to do it.

In fact, there were many people who spoke for Yuan Chonghuan at that time. It depends. Maybe it will be released in a few days, and maybe it will be reinstated later.

But nine months later, Chongzhen changed his mind. He has made up his mind to execute Yuan Chonghuan.

Why?

Many people explain this change from a story.

The story goes like this:

In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), 1 1 28, Huang taiji, who had nothing to do outside Beijing, decided to play a dirty trick.

He sent for the two eunuchs he caught a few days ago and put them in a special camp with special guards.

In the dead of night, two people lived in the camp next to the eunuch. The two men told a secret in a voice that could be heard by humans (at least by eunuchs).

The secret content is that Yuan Chonghuan has reached a secret agreement with Huang Taiji. In a few days, Huang Taiji will attack Beijing and take the city.

The two eunuchs lived up to expectations and heard the secret. The next day, Huang Taiji sent someone to send them back.

When they got back, they found the relevant departments and told them about it. Chongzhen was furious and decided that Yuan Chonghuan was a traitor, and it was finally over.

The story is over.

This is a rather wise and nonsense story.

Twenty years ago, when I was in the second grade of primary school, I believed this story. When I grew up, I didn't believe it.

But it's not good to say anything good. Let me correct it: if the parties are all in the second grade of primary school, the trick in the story will be successful.

Because this story is so naive.

First of all, you should understand that Chongzhen is not a second-grade primary school student. He is a seasoned politician and the supreme leader of Daming.

Man Qing was a eunuch three years ago. He didn't say anything, and he took care of the lawless Wei Zhongxian himself. Two years ago, Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao himself, but he still didn't say anything.

Officials in the Ming Dynasty have professional ethics and like to complain. Since Yuan Chonghuan took office, the letter of accusation has never stopped, with a nose and eyes. Some questions may still be true, but he didn't say anything.

Enemy Enemy at the Gates, everyone called Yuan Chonghuan a traitor. He took off his clothes, put them on Yuan Chonghuan, and killed him without saying anything.

So at last he heard the words of two eunuchs who ran out of the enemy camp, and finally said: Kill Yuan Chonghuan.

Silence, completely speechless.

I used to wonder how this speechless story came about.

After comparing dozens of historical materials recording this matter, I am sure that the earliest place where this story appeared is the records of Qing Taizong, which was compiled by Qing historians after the Qing army entered the customs.

I see.

I remember the first time I went to see the original historical materials before entering the Qing Dynasty. It used to be annoying, because according to the routine, these materials recorded by people hundreds of years ago were difficult to understand, and they were basically in Manchu. Although I know a few, it is difficult to understand and estimate.

The result was a big surprise.

I understand, at least understand what this information is saying, and it is effortless, because there are many Xiu Xiang in the historical materials I have opened.

The so-called Xiu Xiang, in today's words, is an illustration, and the painter painted it well and meticulously. He drew all the battles and talks so that everyone could understand them.

Later, I moved to Manchuria, and there were many illustrations, such as the Battle of Ningyuan and the Battle of Jinzhou, which were all well drawn.

This is a strange phenomenon. There were many illustrated books in ancient times, such as Jin Ping Mei and The Journey to the West, but generally speaking, political documents and historical records were not illustrated to show solemnity, from Sima Qian and Ban Gu to Zhang who compiled Ming History. By the way, if anyone can find Sima Qian's original illustrated historical records or Ban Gu's illustrated Chinese books, please let me know and I will accept any money.

I thought for a long time and finally found the answer-culture.

The post-Jin was a nomadic people, and its culture was relatively backward. Although Fan Wencheng and other intellectuals came running from time to time, it was almost enough after all. Apart from Chinese characters, Manchu has just been created and few people know it.

But after so many years, we should remember what we did and have a meeting to discuss it. It is too difficult to convey one by one, and many people can't understand it by printing it in words, so we made an illustrated version, and those who can read words can read it as a comic book, and everyone can understand it.

This is even more obvious in military operations.

Nurhachi, Huang Taiji and later Dourgen were all outstanding military strategists who were good at fighting, but they were basically trained in the wild and belonged to the practical school. In this respect, in the Ming Dynasty, on the contrary, Sun Chengzong and Yuan Chonghuan were both tested and belonged to the theoretical school.

Fighting is a bit like fighting. If someone slaps a few bricks, you will know whether to take a kitchen knife or a plank brick next time, and where to start harder. It is difficult for you to make technical progress when you are always in the audience.

Therefore, on the battlefield, doers who roll up their sleeves are often more confused than theorists who read Sun Tzu's Art of War.

However, Comrade Marx told us that once theory is combined with practice, it will generate great energy, and successful examples such as Sun Chengzong are all great celebrities.

Huang taiji and others realized the shortcomings in their work in time, so they put forward the facts, found the gap and decided to popularize the theory.

In the Ming dynasty, it is estimated that there will be no one to teach, so the main method of education is to read military books. Anyway, Sun Tzu's art of war is not contraband. Find someone to buy it back from the Ming dynasty, and each person will send one. Take your time.

The work went smoothly, the customer went to the customs to buy it, and the buyer was dumbfounded when he arrived.

Because there have been many art of war since ancient times, not to mention Taigong Art of War, Sun Tzu Art of War and Six Towers and Three Strategies. There are hundreds of The Art of War in the Ming Dynasty alone, which is a new force in the publishing industry.

In the face of difficulties, Huang Taiji was not discouraged. After careful discussion and comparison, they finally determined the final textbook of Sun Tzu's Art of War, and purchased it in large quantities to ensure that it was delivered to every senior general.

From then on, whether marching or fighting, the senior generals of the late Jin army took this designated art of war textbook and read it in the morning and evening.

The name of this book is Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Actually, there is no need to be surprised. After all, books like Sun Tzu's Art of War are really profound. When you pull a person back from the street in Beijing, you may not understand them. People who ride horses and fight every day are really hard to read. At that time, the language in Romance of the Three Kingdoms was roughly equivalent to the vernacular, which was easy to understand, and I believe this book can easily resonate with the generals in the late Jin Dynasty-there are illustrations.

Yes, the answer is in this book.

If you don't know the origin of the so-called double-faced spy story, you can refer to Jiang Gan's double-faced spy in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Based on the above information and Huang Taiji's cultural background, you can make up such a story, which is almost enough.

But more importantly, the next question-why make up this story?

This question has been bothering me for three years. By chance, I found the answer-my answer.

I believe that this is a conspiracy, a conspiracy that has been planned for a long time and is extremely clever.

As for the ins and outs of this conspiracy, I thought for a long time and decided to catch my breath first and talk about it later.

In fact, it was not the naive double agent who changed Chongzhen's mind, but a conversation.

This conversation took place a year ago. The two speakers are Qian Longxi, a cabinet university student, and Yuan Chonghuan, a newly appointed poet of Ji Liao Du Fu.

The dialogue is as follows:

Qian Longxi: What is the strategy to pacify Liao?

Yuan Chonghuan: Dongjiang and Ning Guan.

Qian Longxi: What about Dongjiang?

Yuan Chonghuan: Mao Longwen, use it if you have it; If it is not available, please delete it.

Qian Longxi asked, what are you going to do after you take office? Yuan Chonghuan replied, settled in Dongjiang and Ning Guan. Qian Longxi asked again: Why did Dongjiang settle down?

Yuan Chonghuan answered: Mao Longwen of Dongjiang can use it if it can, and kill it if it can't be used.

It is puzzling that this is supposed to be a secret conversation between two people, but it is recorded in historical materials.

And conversation record seems to be nothing, Qian Longxi asked Yuan Chonghuan's plan, and Yuan Chonghuan said he would tidy up his hair, that's all.

But it was this conversation record that killed Yuan Chonghuan.

In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), on December 7th, Gao Jie, an imperial envoy, was dismissed and Qian Longxi was impeached for colluding with Yuan Chonghuan. After some arguments, Qian Longxi was forced to resign.

Meng Sen, a famous historian, once said that there were two evils in the Ming Dynasty: the first was eunuchs and the second was officials.

I think this sentence is wrong. The official should be in front of the eunuch. If the eunuch is a rogue, the official is a rogue version 2.0-cultural rogue.

Since the attack on Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor didn't pay much attention to these people because the political atmosphere in Ming Dynasty was too liberal and in order to maintain political balance. As a result, I became more and more accustomed to my temper. As soon as I spoke, I couldn't talk to anyone. Whoever was caught was scolded and trampled (including the emperor). By Chongzhen, an organized and systematic rogue group had basically formed, and many things were rotten in their hands.

They are very active in this matter. After half a year in a row, there was a steady stream of black material about Comrade Yuan Chonghuan's defection, defection to the enemy, and even his life style, one of which was more vicious than the other (many people in later generations believed that the so-called hard evidence of Yuan Chonghuan's defection to the enemy came from this).

In this way, I scolded for half a year, and finally came up with a more malicious one.

In August of the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Fan Shangshu impeached Qian Longxi for accepting tens of thousands of bribes from Yuan Chonghuan, and even made it clear where the money was.

That's sinister.

In the Ming dynasty, it was basically an internal problem to collect some dirty money and earn some extra money. It was nothing, but it was completely different.

Because he said that the person who sent the money was Yuan Chonghuan.

Even if the money comes from Yan, it's okay, but it can't be Yuan Chonghuan.

Because Yuan Chonghuan is a linesman and Qian Longxi is a cabinet minister. According to the regulations of the Ming Dynasty, if the commander of the frontier fortress colluded with a trusted minister, he would be put to death (suspected of rebellion).

Ten days later, Chongzhen held a meeting and decided to execute Yuan Chonghuan.

In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned, and a group of people scolded him for eight months. Finally, he died.

Is that what happened?

number

Behind those seemingly aimless and unorganized officials, there are a pair of black hands. Correction, there are two pairs.

The owner of these two hands, one is Wen Style Ren, and the other is Zhou Yanru.

Comrade Zhou Yanru has already introduced it. The following is the resume of Comrade Wen Ziren: male, from Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, with the word evergreen, who was a scholar in twenty-six years of Wanli.

These two people will talk about it later, so I won't say much here. Those who are interested in these two can go and see Ming History. By the way, it is easy to find. I just saw the biography of treacherous court official. Behind Comrade Zhou Yanru is Yan Song, followed by Wen Ziren.

It should be said that Yuan Chonghuan's transformation from "listening" to "listening" is basically attributed to these two people.