Liu Futong and Han Liner were the first generals of the peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty. They were honored as co-owners by the Red Scarf Army in the north, so they were always regarded as the two most important leaders of the Red Army at that time. However, as for how they died in the end, the historical records are vague, and later generations have speculated and disputed this. In the 15th year of Zheng Zhi (1355), Han Liner officially proclaimed himself emperor in Haozhou (Haoxian County, Anhui Province). In the same year1February, because the Yuan army besieged Haozhou, it had to move to Anfeng (Shouxian County, Anhui Province). In the 18th year of Zheng Zheng (1358), in May, Liu Futong captured the capital of song dynasty (Kaifeng, Henan) and welcomed Han Liner to settle in. In August of the following year, Chahan Timur, the Yuan Army, captured the capital of song dynasty, and Han Liner and Liu Futong had to leave tens of thousands of officers, soldiers and their families behind and fled back to Anfeng. In the 23rd year of Zheng Zhi (1363), Zhang Shicheng, the separatist who occupied the south, failed in the northern expedition by the Red Scarf Army, and the Yuan Army was about to run out of opportunities, so he sent general Lv Zhen to attack Anfeng from behind with an army of 200,000 (1000000). Han Liner had to ask Zhu Yuanzhang for help. On the one hand, Zhu Yuanzhang considered that Zhang Shicheng could not expand its territory and power so easily, on the other hand, he also wanted to control Han Liner, Wang Xiaoming, and let the emperor strengthen his strength, and planned to send troops to rescue Anfeng. But Liu Ji, the counselor, strongly opposed it, thinking that if Chen Youliang attacked Yingtian (Nanjing) at this time, Zhu Yuanzhang's home front would be lost. Even without this threat, how to deal with the rescued Han Liner and Liu Futong is quite a headache. Zhu Yuanzhang hesitated and decided to lead an army to rescue Anfeng. Fortunately, when Chen Youliang went to lay siege to Nanchang, Zhu Yuanzhang defeated Zhang Shicheng army led by Lv Zhen without any worries, thus lifting the siege of Anfeng. However, Han Liner and Liu Futong failed to go this far. Anfengcheng was breached before the arrival of reinforcements, and the whereabouts and life and death of Han and Liu became the focus of debate. Many people think that Liu Futong was killed in Anfeng and Han Liner moved to Chuzhou. Gu Yingtai's History of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 4, Taizu Pingwu, said: "In February of the 23rd year (1363), Zhang Shangcheng and Lv Zhen led hundreds of thousands of people around Anfengwei Liu Futong, and Futong Sub-road sent people for help. According to the city Jane, break an Feng and kill Liu Futong. Han Liner goes to Chuzhou ". The records in Zhang's Ming History, Xia Xie's Jian, Bi Yuan's Jian and Shi Lu are almost the same. Presumably, Liu Futong was killed because he was able to hold on to Anfeng, and Han Liner broke through the tight encirclement and arrived in Chuzhou, which coincided with the arrival of Zhu Yuanzhang's reinforcements, so he was able to save his life. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang built a building in Chuzhou and put Han Liner under house arrest in a luxurious palace. In this way, Zhang Shicheng got rid of the intractable Liu Futong, stabilized the emperor's envoys, and inherited the rest of the Red Scarf Army and territory. Zhu Yuanzhang made a fortune. In the twenty-sixth year of Zheng Zheng (1366), Zhu Yuanzhang almost wiped out all the powerful competitors in the north and south, and Han Liner also lost its use value. So Zhu Yuanzhang secretly ordered Liao Yongzhong to drown Han Liner in the Yangtze River in Guabu in the name of welcoming him into Yingtian (Nanjing). This theory is the most widely circulated and held by contemporary historians such as Wu Han and Jian Bozan, so it is almost conclusive. Others think that Liu Futong was killed in Anfeng, and Zhu Yuanzhang saved Han Liner, bringing a response to the day. According to Gao Dai's Hong You Lu, Volume II, History of the Song Dynasty: "Zhang Shicheng sent Lu Zhen to attack Anfeng, Futong sent Yi Jiankang (Nanjing) for help, and Shang (Zhu Yuanzhang) led the generals to save it. According to her city, before she arrived, Lv Zhen attacked An Feng and killed Fu Tong. In March, I went to Anfeng to attack Lv Zhen, break it and abandon the city. Then, Han Liner, the monarch of the Song Dynasty, returned to Jinling. Cha Jizhuo's A Record of Criminal Evidence, Lang Ying's Seven Manuscripts and Chen Bangzhan's Notes on the History of Yuan Dynasty are similar to them, while Tan Qian's Guo Que thinks that Han Liner went to Chuzhou first, and then Zhu Yuanzhang went to heaven. After understanding the siege of Anfeng, Zhu Yuanzhang took Han Liner with him for manipulation and utilization at any time, which is certainly not impossible. However, this statement that Han Liner died in the 26th year of Zheng Zheng (1366) has aroused many people's doubts, because this fact can't be found in the official history and most notes. On the contrary, Han Liner's death in Guabu is consistent. For the same reason, Qian in the late Ming Dynasty strongly condemned this theory as "the mistake of inheriting novelists" in A Brief Introduction to Heroes at the Beginning of the Country, and contemporary historians rarely adopted this theory. There is also a saying that Liu Futong and Han Liner drowned in Guabu at the same time. According to the balance of Gengshen Waishi, "Wang Xiaoming was stationed in Anfeng, besieged Zhang Shicheng, went out in the rain at night and lived in Chuzhou. On arrival (1366), Zhu Yuanzhang sailed back to Jiankang. Wang Xiaoming and Liu Taibao (Liu Futong) went to Guazhoudu (southeast of Liuhe, Jiangsu), and the ship was wrecked. Both Liu Taibao and Wang Xiaoming were killed. " Lu, Ke's New Yuan History and Lv Zhenyu's A Concise General History of China all adopted this theory. According to historical records, Han Liner did give up the capital for many times to find a new home in times of crisis. Therefore, when Zhang Shicheng soldiers were besieged and Zhu Yuanzhang's reinforcements didn't arrive, it was natural to take the opportunity to break through to Chuzhou. However, it was pointed out that Liu Futong never appeared in the history books after the Battle of Anfeng. At this time, it was suspicious to suddenly claim that he was drowned. As far as Liu Futong's character and experience are concerned, since he still has the ability to break through, he will not be willing to rely on others. An important reason for Liu Ji's opposition to the rescue of Anfeng is that Liu Futong is difficult to control, so Liu Futong may still be killed in Anfeng. Of course, whether Liu Futong died in Anfeng or Guabu, neither side of the argument has produced really conclusive evidence. Looking through the history books of Yuan and Ming Dynasties, almost all the records about the deaths of Liu Futong and Han Liner are few words, or their meanings are vague or ambiguous. In fact, the fundamental reason is that Wei Yuanzhang didn't want to publicize the fact that he had taken Han Liner as an ally too much, and didn't want to bear the responsibility of killing Han Liner or Liu Futong, so he did not hesitate to secretly instruct people to cover up or even tamper with history. Nowadays, when people study history based on these incomplete, flawed and endless historical materials, it is inevitable that there will be different opinions.