1905, 12 years old, was sent by his father to study in England and stayed at Eton Middle School. He was the first prince in Siam history to be sent to boarding school since childhood. After graduation, he entered Warwickshire Military Academy. After graduation, he served in the British army and became an artillery officer. During World War I, he wanted to stay in the British army and fight in the war, but he was refused because he was not a British citizen. Unable to take part in the war and stay in England for further study, he returned to Siam, served as a captain in the First Artillery Corps of the Royal Guard of the Army, and served as a valet for his brother, Prince Zach Lapon, the chief of staff of the Army. Later, he was promoted to the battery commander and chief of staff of the Second Army.
1965438+In August 2007, at the age of 24, he became a monk in Baniwei Temple. At that time, the Siamese monk king (the 47th son of King IV) saw that he was destined to become a Buddha and invited him to become a monk permanently. He refused. The monk king thought he had missed the throne, so he explained that there are four brothers in front of you, and I believe you have no hope of succession. However, he said that he could not continue to become a monk because he missed Prince Fukient's daughter 15-year-old Princess Lampepani.
1965438+On August 25th, 2008, they held a grand wedding. At that time, his rank had been promoted to captain, and soon he was promoted to major.
1920 13 In June, Prince Zach Lapon died in Singapore. He was entrusted by Rama VI to go to the funeral home. Shortly after returning to China, he became seriously ill. 192 1 February 2, 2008, went to the UK for medical treatment with his wife. After his recovery, he continued to study in the French workers' school. After finishing their studies on 1924, the couple returned to Siam. Rama VI promoted him to major general and served as a rural teacher. In 1924, Rama VI promulgated the Measures for the Administration of the Succession of the Crown to the Palace, which clearly stipulated that women could not ascend to the throne, so his only daughter, Princess Peladana, could not legally inherit the throne. Therefore, the testamentary edict he left designated his younger brother Pachadibo to inherit the throne. King Baohao was Rama VII, who reigned from 1925 to 1935.
Rama VII was the younger brother of King Rama VI, and actually ranked second in the order of succession to the throne at that time. As the Crown Prince Asdang Dedschavudh died unexpectedly in February 1925, he ascended the throne in June/0/925+165438+ 10 without adequate preparation.
After the death of Rama VI, the testamentary edict made him the heir to the throne, but he failed to do so again and again and became king in desperation. He is clearly aware that the road ahead of him is full of difficulties and obstacles. This can be seen from his imperial edict: "I live in an era that is about to end ..." As soon as he ascended the throne, he announced the establishment of an advisory committee to give democratic advice on the policy of governing the country. His two uncles, Wang Shu, were appointed as State Councillors and became his senior state advisers in governing the country.
At the end of Rama VI, the expenditure of the court increased sharply, which led to the shortage of money in the national treasury. Immediately after Rama VII ascended the throne, he began to cut back on expenses. Most of the regular attendants in the era of King VI were dismissed, especially the attendants in the original bedroom all retired. Eight ministers were laid off, leaving only six ministers, each in charge of two ministries. Then, many unnecessary government and provincial systems were abolished, and only the most needed ones were retained. 1927 announced the change to a new tax law to increase the revenue of the state treasury.
From 65438 to 0926, Siam began to communicate with other countries by radio and telegraph. In the same year, Rama VII merged the National Museum with the Capital Library, renamed it "National Library", donated 40,000 books, printed and published three Tibetan scriptures collected by King I ... He also donated royal property to establish "Wachala Redundant College" to commemorate Rama VI. In August, it signed a treaty with France to restore Siam-France relations.
This year, the People's Party, the first political party in the western sense in Siam history, appeared. A group of enthusiastic young people studying in France, led by Billie Phanomyong and others, organized a rally in Paris to discuss the future development of the country. They formally established the People's Party in Paris.
Some of them are petty bourgeoisie, small and medium-sized officials, the so-called "literary school", and Billie Phanomyong, one of the founders of the People's Party, is the representative. Billie Phanomyong returned to China on 1927, and entered the legal department of the Ministry of Justice, where she held public office. She was named as a "detective" and was called a teacher in the People's Party.
The other part is a group of young officers representing big businessmen, big landlords and military dignitaries, the so-called "military faction", with Luan Piwen Kan as the representative. He was called "Cape Town" (that is, captain) by members of the People's Party. He was born in July 1897 in a peasant family in Li Wu, and his grandfather was from China. 19 16 graduated from Bangkok army college and was awarded the rank of second lieutenant. After that, he entered Bangkok Staff School, and was selected to study in Fontainebleau Artillery School in France because of his excellent performance in 1924. During the French period, influenced by bourgeois democratic thoughts, he joined the People's Party organized by Billie Phanomyong. Returned to China from 65438 to 0927 and was promoted to major. He used to be the director of the anti-aircraft gun air defense unit and the strategic lecturer of the Staff Military Academy. They all accepted the western democratic ideas and gradually became dissatisfied with the existing autocratic system, hoping to overthrow the autocratic monarchy and establish a constitutional monarchy. Luanpi Wenkan developed the artillery general patrol of Colonel Yepafeng and others in the army, which laid a military foundation for the military coup in 1932.
1927165438+1October, he ordered the establishment of "Radio Hong Ting" to broadcast news to the whole people for the first time.
1928 promulgated the April Monetary Regulations, which stipulated that the value per baht was 0.66567 grams of reserve. And signed a trade and friendship treaty with Germany. Visit Singapore, Guawa and Bali on July 25th and return to Bangkok 10 12. On June+10, 5438, the Public Utilities Ordinance was promulgated, which stipulated that private individuals were not allowed to engage in public utilities such as railways, trams, canals, aviation, running water, electricity and water conservancy without special permission or request. In the same year, the Regulations on Pensions and Preferential Treatment was promulgated and implemented, which revised the Siam Medical Regulations since 1923, and registered medical practitioners of western medicine and ancient Thai medicine for the first time. Rama VI decided to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Bangkok Dynasty 1932 and build the first bridge across the Chao Phraya River to commemorate Rama I, the founder of Bangkok Dynasty. He signed a contract with DeMaiLong Company of Germany to build the "King I Bridge".
1929 65438+ 10, presided over the completion ceremony of the medical college building. Take the Queen to visit Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia on April 14, and return to Bangkok on May 8.
1930 65438+1October 9th, laying the foundation stone for "I King Bridge". Out of concern and criticism of Siam's economic retrogression, he ordered Prince Teri Masa Mindra, Minister of Education, to introduce the world economic situation to the people through Hong Ting Radio, and believed that the financial situation would improve in the coming year.
193 1 year, Siam was invited to join international organizations to restrict tin mining, prohibit excessive tin production and curb economic recession; Siam Air Transport Company was ordered to be established and began to accept freight, passenger, parcels and mail in August.
193 1 April, Rama VII went to the United States for cataract surgery and visited Japan, Canada and the United States successively. During his visit to the United States for medical treatment with the Queen, he temporarily entrusted power to his brother Prince Blipa, the half-brother of Rama VII and the oldest member of the Siamese royal family. He was appointed regent by Rama VII. Shortly after he ascended the throne, he encountered the world economic crisis (Great Depression), and Siam was not spared.
At this time, the global economic crisis has made the economic situation of Siam, which is dominated by international trade, not only worse, but also worse. Out of desperation, Prince Bripa decided to lay off a large number of employees again. The layoffs are mainly aimed at the army, especially the army. As soon as he announced the layoff plan, he immediately aroused strong dissatisfaction from the military. Prince Bander, the Minister of National Defense, was the first to stand up against the decision of Prince Bripa and the Advisory Committee and resolutely resigned from public office in protest. Prince Bander was born in 1877. At the age of six, he went to England with his father and attended Harrow School. Later, he went to Zurich Military Academy to study military affairs. Returned to China at the age of 24 and served in the Siamese army. When King V was in power, he served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and successively served as Siam's ambassador to France, Italy, Spain and Turkey. 19/kloc-returned to China in 0/2, and served as director of the weapons and equipment department of the Ministry of National Defense, inspector of the artillery of the First Army, assistant to the Minister of National Defense and chief of staff of the Army. 1929 served as Minister of National Defense. He and Rama VII got along very well and had close feelings since childhood. His resignation was widely appreciated and responded by the military.
193 1 Britain abandons the gold standard. At that time, Mr. EL Hopaizhe, a British Siam financial adviser, suggested that the Siam government should maintain a high exchange rate of Thai baht, which led to a heavy blow to Siam rice exports. Although he eventually resigned, it led to a serious financial deficit in Siam.
A group of knowledgeable and talented people, seeing that the situation has reached the point where the king can't solve it, no longer trust the advisory room and cabinet composed of royal nobles to solve any problems. They think that people with real brains and skills are opposites, and the royal nobility controls everything. They believe that they should be given the opportunity to participate in national governance. More and more people hold this view, especially active officers. Faced with the danger of being laid off, they pointed their finger at Prince Bripa. Some people accuse him of owning hundreds of millions of private property. He also accused another prince, then Minister of Communications, of squandering public funds and enriching himself. 165438+ 10, Rama VII, who returned from illness, called a meeting of some army officers. After the meeting, an officer attending the meeting recalled the situation five years later and said, "When I walked out of the conference hall, I cried bitterly because I felt that the king could do nothing to solve any problems." This official is a scholar.
1February, 932, the prices of commodities and vegetables plummeted, and farmers suffered heavy losses. Rumors abound in Siam, and some people say that "King Juraro predicted that the legend of Bangkok dynasty would not exceed 150." Others said: "Bangkok dynasty 150 years old, luck has run out." The country is about to change hands, and the king is not good at talking. " Rama VII ordered a 20% reduction in farmers' land tax, and urgently ordered spending cuts. In March, he decided to increase the dock tax and increase the tariff on imported goods. On May 1 1, Siam decided to withdraw from the gold standard, and the Thai currency was linked to the British pound at a rate of 1 1 baht 1 pound. These measures not only failed to fundamentally improve the country's economic situation, but also made the political situation in Siam more chaotic. In the same year, Siam plane flew out of the country, and three planes led by Admiral Charing Aka visited Hanoi. Rama VII also promulgated and implemented a series of new laws, such as the Criminal Code, Young Men's Tax Law, Trademark Regulations, Antique Trading Regulations, Copyright and Copyright Protection Regulations, and ordered the establishment of the Siam Bar Association. On April 6, the anniversary of the establishment of the Bangkok dynasty, the King I Bridge was completed and opened to traffic. Rama VII personally presided over the unprecedented opening ceremony, unveiled the bronze statue of Rama I in the center of the bridge, and led hundreds of civil and military officials to make sacrifices. As a result, a series of celebrations were held. The king personally participated in the celebration parade held by soldiers on land, and personally took an ancient royal ship to participate in the water celebration held on the Chao Phraya River. Everyone took part in various celebrations, leaving the current economic difficulties behind. On June 5, Rama VII suddenly decided to cut back on spending, because taxes led to a poor harvest. The young king who received higher education in Europe found that he didn't have much to do in the palace. In order to save money, he fired a large number of court workers. And fired a large number of civil servants again. This decision finally angered the military. On June 20th, Rama VII took the Queen to Gigan Palace in Hua Hin for the summer vacation.