Hua is a member of the Presidium of China Academy of Sciences, a member of the Department of Mathematics and Physics, a vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, an outstanding representative of China Democratic League and a vice chairman of the National Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference. More importantly, he is an outstanding mathematician in the modern history of China and even the world. He is the founder and pioneer of China's research on analytic number theory, canonical group, matrix geometry, automorphic function theory and multiple complex variable function theory. His research results on complete trigonometric sum are called "Fahrenheit theorem" by the international mathematics community. Hua left more than 200 academic papers and monographs in his life. Because of his outstanding achievements in the history of scientific research, he was elected as a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences, an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences, a doctor of Nancy University in France, a doctor of the University of Illinois in the United States, a doctor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and an academician of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in the Federal Republic of Germany. His name has gone down in the annals of internationally renowned scientists. Hua has made remarkable achievements in mathematics all his life, but his life has not been smooth sailing. It was in the rough years that he studied hard and made great contributions to the mathematical research of the motherland and the world.

childhood

19101012. Hua was born in a merchant family in Jintan County, Jiangsu Province. Father Hua Ruidong took part in the Revolution of 1911 in his early years and went bankrupt after doing business. I returned to my hometown, opened a small grocery store and supported my wife and daughter on a meager budget. When Hua was born, his father was forty. The couple had a son in middle age and regarded him as the apple of their eye. In order to bless his son, they buckled two baskets for him when he was born. Therefore, Hua got its name. However, when he was young, his parents didn't want him to stay on the laundry list. He is very naughty and active, and he is a child who is willing to think.

teenagers

Hua Primary School was spent in Renfan Primary School in Jintan City. Because of poor grades, I didn't get a diploma, but only got a diploma [note 1]. Then, enter the newly established Jintan County Junior High School [Note 2]. Hua's talent has just begun to show its edge. His first teacher, Li, is a good math teacher. He guided and cultivated Hua's interest in mathematics, which laid a good foundation for his three-year study in junior high school. In the third year in China, another teacher, Wang Weike, noticed that he was a thinking and innovative student and paid more attention to cultivating him. 1925 after graduating from junior high school in China, I couldn't afford to go to the provincial high school because my family was poor. He entered Shanghai Zhonghua Vocational School, thinking that he could seek a career such as accounting in the future, but he dropped out of school after one year because he could not afford the tuition.

youth

1927 Hua went back to his hometown to help his father keep accounts in a small grocery store, and at the same time studied math hard. At this time, Hua stood in front of the counter. When the customer came, he helped his father with business, abacus and bookkeeping. As soon as the customer left, he buried himself in reading and solving math problems. Sometimes I am in a daze, forget to receive the customer, and even take the calculation result as the payment payable by the customer, which surprises the customer. Because similar inexplicable things often happen, after a long time, neighbors spread it as a joke, and everyone nicknamed him "Luo Daku". Whenever something happens that neglects customers, his father is angry and anxious, saying that he is too tired to read the "heavenly book" and wants to burn the book forcibly. When there is an argument, he always sticks to his guns. Later, recalling this life, he said bitterly, "It was a year when I should be educated, but the word' poor' deprived me of my dream: struggling to survive in the northwest tuyere, wiping my nose with clean water, a pair of straw sandals, a cigarette and a roll of lamp grass." [Note 3] I stubbornly taught myself until I was eighteen. Hua married a girl of the same age, Wu. This autumn, the plague spread in Jintan, and the flowers contracted terrible cold syndrome. Under the careful care of my mother and wife, I finally survived, but I was left with a lifelong disability-a deformed joint in my left leg and a limp. After he recovered from his illness, he limped out to make a living. When he appeared on the streets of his hometown, people saw pity and said, "It became like this at a young age. How will we live in the future? " He felt very uncomfortable after listening to these comments. After careful consideration, he decided to devote himself to mathematics. He thought, "I have no choice. To do other work, you have to run around or need equipment. I chose teaching because it only needs a pen and a piece of paper-the props are simple. " There is only an algebra book, a geometry book and a fifty-page calculus book. However, where there is a will, there is a way. At the age of nineteen, Hua finally wrote the famous "Why Su Jiaju's Algebraic quintic Equation Can't Be Established". At that time, Xiong Qing, head of the Department of Mathematics at Peking University in Tsinghua, was very concerned after reading this article. He asked the people around him in surprise, "Who is this Hua?" . A teacher named Tang Peijing works in Tsinghua. This person is Hua's hometown. He talked to Xiong Qinglai about Hua's life experience. /kloc-one day in the autumn of 0/937, Xiong Qinglai sent someone to Beijing Railway Station with a signboard, put Tsinghua University in Hualuogeng Street and arranged for him to be an assistant in the library. Hua was only twenty-one years old at this time.

Coming to work in Tsinghua is an important turning point in Hua's life, and his mathematics career really started here. In Tsinghua University, he works, studies and listens. His initial interest was the study of number theory, in which he was always encouraged by Xiong Qinglai. Xiong Qinglai's doctoral thesis at the University of Chicago was completed under the guidance of Leonard Dixon, who devoted himself to the Waring problem in the theory of heap prime numbers. Mathematicians in China made valuable contributions to mathematicians as early as 1300 years ago, including: the bus triangle of binomial coefficients, the approximation method of polynomial roots, the solving skills of simultaneous equations of quartic equations, and the "China remainder theorem" for solving congruence groups. However, it stopped in the Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of this century, mathematicians in China began to absorb the essence of western mathematics, inherit the tradition of ancient mathematicians, and began to publish papers. In the late 1920s, the number of papers increased gradually, firstly in the fields of number theory and "difficult" analysis. During his four years in Tsinghua University, Hua published more than a dozen papers on number theory and taught himself English, French and French. By the time he was 25, he had become an internationally renowned young scholar. One day, professors in Tsinghua got together to discuss whether Hua, who has no college degree, can be promoted to teaching assistant. At the meeting, some people were in favor and some were against it. Finally, the dean of Ye Li College made a summary. He said: "It is a good thing that Tsinghua has made a name for itself. We don't want to be limited by qualifications! " In this way, Hua was quickly promoted from teaching assistant to teaching assistant and professor. Later, he was hired as a researcher by China Culture and Education Foundation. /kloc-in the summer of 0/936, he was sponsored by the association to study at Cambridge University in England.

In Britain, Hua joined a famous group of number theorists. This group includes British mathematicians Harold Davenport, Hardy, Te Li Wood, German mathematicians Esterman and Hans Helborne. Most of Hua's work at Cambridge University is to study the theory of heap prime numbers. Heap prime theory involves decomposing an integer into the sum of some other integers. Waring problem is the most thoroughly studied problem in this subject, in which the special number is the power of k, and the problem is this: for a given k, the smallest integer S is needed, which is called G(K). The equation is: n = x 1+x2+...+xs is solvable for every normal number n. One hundred years after 1909, Hilbert proved that for every k, such a minimum value g(k) certainly exists. But its proof is inductive rather than constructive, so there is no need to give a clear upper bound of g(k). Since Hilbert, many famous mathematicians have devoted themselves to calculating g(k). For example, it is known that g(2)=4, that is to say, each integer can be expressed as the sum of squares of four integers or the sum of cubes of nine integers, and the number of four plus nine cannot be too small. For all k's, the attempt to find the explicit expression of g(k) failed. Although it is considered that for all positive integers K, except a few, there is g(k)=ak+A-a, where A is the largest integer not exceeding (3/2k). Because relatively small integers can sometimes be represented by special ones, they are included in some broader basic results. G(k) is defined as the smallest integer S in which the equation (1) can be solved for all sufficiently large n. Many efforts have been made to calculate or estimate G(k), and it is known that g (2) = 4,4.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/937, the Japanese army invaded China in an all-round way, and Tsinghua and Peking University moved to Kunming, renamed The National SouthWest Associated University. China returned to China from England. During this period, he not only served as a professor of mathematics in The National SouthWest Associated University, but also served as a researcher of mathematics in Academia Sinica and a special member of the Resources Committee. 1946 passed through India, Iran and other places during his visit to the Soviet Union. Hua is a patriot. Recalling his life in Kunming, he once wrote such a poem angrily: "On the day of seeing off guests in Kunming, the golden ou is half short, foxes and tigers walk all over the street, and eagles spend money on the ground." "In a small village on the outskirts of Kunming, a family of seven, a famous university professor at home and abroad, lived in two small rooms. They eat, sleep, read and do research in this small room. In the evening, they put the oil lamp on a broken ashtray, picked some broken cotton as a wick, coated some vegetable oil, and lit it with a lamp the size of a bean. Downstairs is the barn. Cattle and horses scratch on the pillars supporting the small building and wipe it. From time to time, there were horses barking, cows purring and pigs screaming. Hua dragged his sick leg out to class during the day, supported his family on a meager salary, and buried himself in research at night. He has written more than 20 papers successively, and completed the manuscript of the first book "Theory of Prime Numbers on Stacked Foundations" in 194 1 year. In this book, he discusses the Waring problem, Goldbach problem and some related problems, unifying and improving the results in his previous papers. He handed this manuscript to the former Institute of Mathematics of the Central Academy of Sciences, but it was not published at that time. 1In the second half of 945, he went to the Soviet Union at the invitation of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. As early as 1930s, Hua and Soviet mathematician ViNoguera Tofu began to associate, and their development in trigonometry and methods significantly changed the whole discipline of analytic number theory. In order to praise China's contribution, the Soviet Union's Report magazine published Chinese papers every year from 1937 to 194 1. 1in April, 946, the Soviet Academy of Sciences published its theory of overlapping prime numbers. Some of these results are still considered classic. 1In the autumn of 946, Hua visited the United States at the invitation of Professor Weil of Princeton University. Before he left, Zhao Haosheng, a reporter from Shanghai Oriental Daily, visited him. In an interview, he relayed Hua's words: "In Kunming, in order to avoid the alarm, my family lives in the country. Every time I go to class in the city, I worry about the life of this family all day. I never want to go abroad unless I have to. If one day, our dreams come true and China begins to build peace, I don't think science is too secondary. We can't wait until we really need science to start studying science. " It is in this mood that Hua brought this "American general" from Huangpu River to America. Wu Dayou, Zeng Zhaolun, Li Zhengdao, Zhu Guangya and Tang Aoqing. [Note 1] Hua: "Cleverness lies in learning, genius lies in accumulation", China Youth, 7, 1956 [Note 2] Handa, an intellectual, was founded on1People's Daily 1922 [Note 3]/. In his early years, he went to study at the University of Chicago in the United States and received a doctorate. 19 14 obtained a doctorate in science while studying in France. From 65438 to 0926, he protected his country from French aggression and worked as a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences. I have been engaged in the research of whole functions and meromorphic functions for many years. Before liberation, Southeast University in Kunming, Tsinghua University in Beijing and Yunnan University in Kunming all established mathematics departments.