During the democratic revolution, I studied in Haifeng No.1 Middle School, Haifeng Middle School and Guangzhou Guangfu Middle School in my early years. 19 17 went to Japan to study, during which he actively participated in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle of students studying in Japan. 192 1 returned to Guangzhou, organized the socialist research society, and served as the director of Haifeng County Education Bureau. Actively engaged in the peasant movement, and in June 5438+the same year 10, the first peasant association in China was established in Chishan, Haifeng County. 1923 On New Year's Day, he led the establishment of Haifeng County Farmers' General Association and served as its president.
During the Great Revolution, from July of 1923 to the end of June of 1925, five workshops on the peasant movement were held in Guangzhou, and he was the director of the first and fifth workshops. Participated in two oriental expeditions. 1925 in may, he was elected as the standing Committee member and vice chairman of the standing Committee of Guangdong farmers' association. After the establishment of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, he served as a member of the district Committee. In June 1926, he served as secretary of the CPC Hailufeng District Committee and director of Chaomei Hailufeng Office. 1927 March to work in Wuhan Agricultural College. In May, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Fifth National Congress in the Communist Party of China (CPC). 1927 10 After the armed uprising led by Guangdong Hailufeng, Haifeng and Lu Fengxian Soviet governments were established, which was the first rural Soviet regime in China.
During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, he participated in the Nanchang Uprising on August 1 1997 and served as a member of the former enemy committee of the Communist Party of China. Elected as a temporary alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee by default at the August 7th meeting. 165438+ 10, he led the armed uprising of Hai Lufeng, served as the chairman of the workers' and peasants' democratic government of Hai Lufeng and the secretary of the Dongjiang Special Committee of the Communist Party of China. 1928 In July, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee at the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). In the winter of the same year, he served as secretary of the Central Agricultural Committee and secretary of the jiangsu provincial party committee Military Commission, and was known as the king of the peasant movement and the leader of the peasant movement in China.
1929 On August 24th, he was arrested for betraying the traitor Bai Xin, and died heroically with Yang Yin, Changyi Yan and Xing Shizhen in Longhua on 30th, at the age of 33. His works were compiled into the Collected Works of Peng Pai.
Note: the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China soon got the bad news of the death of four comrades, including Peng Pai. That night, Zhou Enlai, with tears in his eyes, drafted a letter to workers, peasants and other working people all over the country on behalf of the CPC Central Committee. After mimeographed, it will be sent to local party organizations in the morning to inform party organizations at all levels to hold mourning. 1on August 30th, 930, on the occasion of the first anniversary of the sacrifice of Peng Pai and other four martyrs, Zhou Enlai published an article entitled "Comrade Peng Yang Yan Xing was killed by the enemy" under the pseudonym of Guan Sheng in Red Flag Daily. The article wrote: "The sacrifice of the revolutionary leader has his indelible record, shining in the hearts of millions of people, melting into the power of the Great Revolution and burning every oppressed people. Therefore, in front of the four rare martyrs, we don't need the sadness of tears, but we need to continue the legacy of the dead martyrs more painstakingly, step on the blood of the dead martyrs, continue to work hard and continue to fight. " ?
Landlord class rebel? The leader of the peasant movement
As an early revolutionary leader of our Party, Peng Pai's value lies in his contribution to the peasant movement. He is a pioneer and theorist of the peasant movement. He has done a lot of practice in mobilizing farmers, organizing farmers, arming farmers to resist exploitation and oppression, carrying out agrarian revolution and establishing rural base areas, and accumulated rich and valuable experience for our party. Mao Zedong once praised Peng Pai as "the king of the peasant movement". ?
Peng Pai, 1896, a native of Haifeng county, Guangdong province. His self-report is: "There are no fewer farmers, men, women and children under his jurisdiction 1500 people. There are no more than 30 men, women and children in my family, and an average of 50 farmers are slaves. " However, Peng Pai, who took saving the country and the people and transforming the society as his duty, finally betrayed his family and led the peasants to struggle with the landlord class. To this end, the family cried that "the ancestors had no virtue" and called him "the rebellious son." According to Peng Pai's self-report: "Except for the three younger brothers and five younger brothers, all the other men, women and children hate my guts, and my eldest brother almost killed me." Afraid of his "failure", the brothers at home divide their production and start their own businesses. Peng Pai personally gave his share of the title deed to the tenant. Tenants didn't dare to take it, so he called them home, burned all the land titles in public, and announced, "You don't have to pay rent anymore." ?
In order to seek the truth, Peng Pai went to Japan to study, and studied in the Department of Political Economy of Waseda University in September 19 18. During this period, he began to accept socialist ideas, and studied the manifesto of * * *, the famous socialist Kawakami's Research on Socialist Issues and other books and periodicals. 192 1, Peng Pai joined the Socialist Youth League in Guangzhou after returning to China, and later initiated the organization of "Socialist Research Society" and "Workers' Compassion Society" in Haifeng. In his article Tell My Compatriots, he pointed out that we should carry out social revolution, destroy the private property system and realize socialism. ?
Peng Pai gradually realized the importance of mobilizing workers and peasants, made up his mind to do practical things in rural areas and embarked on a brand-new revolutionary road. When he first arrived in the countryside, the farmers thought he was a gentleman or a tax collector and avoided him. Later, he put on a bamboo hat, barefoot, holding a pipe, and talked with farmers in popular language, which was gradually accepted by farmers. 1922 On the evening of July 29th, Peng Pai and other five farmers formed a six-member secret peasant association, which took the first step of Haifeng peasant movement. 1923 On New Year's Day, Haifeng Farmers' General Association was announced. This indicates that the peasant movement of China's new-democratic revolution has entered a new stage with planning and leadership. Soon, the Guangdong Peasant Association was established, and Peng Pai was elected as the executive chairman. ?
Peng Pai first established the peasant armed forces, which maintained and promoted the development of the peasant movement. 1924 10, Peng Pai and other leaders set up Quang Ninh Farmers' Association and county farmers' self-defense forces. After that, the armored motorcade that commanded the peasant self-defense forces and Marshal Sun Yat-sen's mansion won the armed struggle against the landlords, which effectively promoted the local rent reduction movement. Peng Pai also paid attention to summing up the experience of the peasant movement in theory and guiding the further development of the peasant movement. 1926, his report on Haifeng peasant movement began to be serialized in "Farmers in China" sponsored by the Farmers Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee. This is the first monograph on the peasant movement in the history of our party. ?
1927 In March, the All-China Farmers' Association was established, and Peng Pai, Mao Zedong, Fang Zhimin, etc. 13 were elected as executive members, shouldering the heavy responsibility of leading the national farmers' movement. Peng Pai and Fang Zhimin supported Mao Zedong's idea of land redistribution. 10 year 10 on October 30th, under the leadership of the CPC Dongjiang Special Committee, farmers in Hailufeng held the third uprising, rebelled against the massacre policy of the Kuomintang, drove away the Kuomintang reactionaries and seized power. Subsequently, Peng Pai was transferred back to Hailufeng from Hongkong to take charge of the preparations for the Soviet Union of workers, peasants and soldiers. 165438+1October 13, 18, Lufeng and Haifeng held workers' and peasants' congresses successively, announcing the establishment of a Soviet of workers, peasants and soldiers in Hailufeng. This is the first red regime in China. Although the Soviet regime of Hailufeng lasted only four months under the frenzied counterattack of the enemy, it accumulated theoretical and practical experience for the later red regime construction. ?
1On the afternoon of August 24th, 929, Peng Pai, then member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, secretary of the Central Agriculture Committee and secretary of the Jiangsu Military Commission, went to Shanghai to attend the meeting of the Jiangsu Military Commission held in Li Jingyuan, Xinzha Road. Peng Pai, etc. Arrested for the informer Bai Xin. In prison, he was tortured, his leg was broken and he fainted several times, but he remained indomitable. On August 30th, Chiang Kai-shek personally ordered Peng Pai and other comrades to be shot in Longhua garrison headquarters. ?
Peng Pai was an outstanding leader and valuable asset of our party in its early days. After his arrest, Zhou Enlai, secretary of the Central Military Commission, immediately decided to send someone to stop the car when the enemy was escorting Peng Pai. It's a pity that the person in charge of gun transportation didn't wipe off the lubricant on the pistol in time. Everyone found kerosene to wash their guns, dressed as a team shooting movies on location, and rushed to the scheduled place. It was already too late. ?
After Peng Pai and other sacrifices, Zhou Enlai tearfully drafted a letter to the people: "Answer the counter-revolutionary massacre with the revolutionary struggle of the masses" and ordered: "The traitor Bai Xin must be put to death!" 1 929165438+1October1night 1 1 point. Just as Bai Xin was about to leave Shanghai for Nanjing to take refuge, our agents shot him on Joffrey Avenue. ?
Like many revolutionary martyrs, what Comrade Peng Pai admires most is his firm revolutionary belief. For faith, Peng Pai betrayed a well-off family and embarked on a hard revolutionary road. For the sake of faith, Peng Pai was determined in the most difficult time of the revolution, and finally he was magnanimous to the enemy and calmly died. ?
Peng Pai
Torrential rain crossed Hedong.
The wind blew into the sea.
Life and death are always king.
Pity you don't understand