2 English reference Malation [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Overview of malathion, also known as Marathon, Mallace Ang, 4O49, pure product is light yellow oily liquid, industrial product is dark brown, with vinegar taste. Slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in many organic solvents. Stable to light, but poor to heat. Easy to hydrolyze in acidic or alkaline medium. This product is an indirect inhibitor of cholinesterase. After entering the body, the liver can inhibit cholinesterase and nerve target esterase after activating malaoxone. It has a slight * * effect on skin and mucosa and a strong sensitization effect. It is a low toxic pesticide. [ 1]
4 GB number 6 1875
Five cases. 12 1755
6 Chinese name malathion
7 English name malathion
8 Marathion's alias marathon; 4049; Mallace Aung; O, O dimethyl S{ 1, 2 bis (ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl} dithiophosphate
9 molecular formula C 10H 19O6PS2.
10 Appearance and properties The pure product is yellow oily liquid with a slight vinegar taste.
1 1 molecular weight 330.36
12 vapor pressure 5.33 MPa (30℃)
13 melting point 2.85℃
14 boiling point 156 ~ 157℃/93.3 Pa
15 is slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in alcohol, ketone and ether.
16 density Relative density (water 1) 1.23
The stability of 17 is stable to light, but slightly poor to heat. It decomposes rapidly in pH less than 5 or alkaline solution. Isomerization will occur when heated at room temperature. When heated at 150℃ for 24 hours, 90% of it will be converted into methylthio isomer.
18 danger sign 15 (harmful products, away from food)
34 (flammable liquid)
19 is mainly used as a non-systemic insecticide and acaricide. It is suitable for controlling various chewing mouthparts and sucking mouthparts pests on crops such as rice, sorghum, vegetables and fruit trees.
Invasive routes of health hazards: inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption.
Health hazard: inhibition of cholinesterase activity, leading to neurophysiological dysfunction.
Acute poisoning: Occupational poisoning is rare, mostly caused by oral administration. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, salivation, pupil shrinkage, increased respiratory secretions, hyperhidrosis, muscle tremor and so on. In severe cases, pulmonary edema, brain edema, coma and respiratory paralysis occur. In some cases, there may be heart, liver and kidney damage. In a few serious cases, peripheral neuropathy occurs weeks or weeks after consciousness is restored. Delayed sudden death may occur in some serious cases. Blood cholinesterase activity decreased.
Chronic poisoning: still controversial. There are neurasthenia syndrome, hyperhidrosis, muscle tremor and so on. Blood cholinesterase activity decreased. It has * * * and sensitization effect on skin, and can cause dermatitis.
Toxicological data and environmental behavioral toxicity of 2 1: low toxicity.
Acute toxicity: LD50? Rats 1800mg/kg (orally); 4444 mg/kg (rat skin)
Subacute and chronic toxicity: Chronic toxicity is very low. Rats were fed with feed containing 5000ppm of this product for 2 years, and no death occurred.
Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: salmonella typhimurium10 mg/l; Bacillus subtilis 1nmol/ dish; Other microorganisms100 mg/l/l. Sister chromatid exchange: human lymphocytes 20 mg/l; Human fibroblasts 5 mg/L.
Reproductive toxicity: The lowest oral toxic dose (TDL0) of rats is 5550 mg/kg (9 1 day/1 ~ 20 days of pregnancy), resulting in abnormal body wall development.
The lowest oral toxic dose (TDL 0) of rats was 283 mg/kg (9 days pregnant), and the urinary system was abnormal.
Rats fed with 1000mg malathion /kg for 92 weeks can gain normal body weight.
Tolerance of aquatic organisms *** (48 hours): carp is 9.0ppm.
Malathion is low toxic to fish, but its decomposition products diethyl maleate and maleic acid are highly toxic to aquatic organisms and highly toxic to beneficial insects such as bees.
Metabolism and degradation: malathion is mainly degraded by hydrolysis and oxidation. These reactions can be carried out in air, water, soil and organisms. Malathion can be rapidly hydrolyzed in soil due to the activity of microorganisms. In sterilized soil, it degrades 7% every day, while in ordinary soil, it degrades 97% malathion.
Residue and accumulation: Malathion is a weakly accumulative compound, and its residue in soil, crops and organisms is not serious.
Migration and transformation: Malathion behaves the same as organophosphorus pesticide in the environment, and can migrate between the atmosphere, water and soil, and is unlikely to be carried and diffused by organisms.
Hazard characteristics: flammable in case of open fire and high heat. It can react with strong oxidants. Thermal decomposition will release toxic gases, such as oxides of phosphorus and sulfur.
Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phosphorus oxide and sulfur oxide.
Malathion poisoning Malathion is an indirect cholinesterase inhibitor. After entering the body, malathion can be activated by the liver, which can inhibit cholinesterase and nerve target esterase. It has a slight * * effect on skin and mucosa and a strong sensitization effect. It is a low toxic pesticide.
22. 1 malathion poisoning diagnosis points are [1]:
1. Long incubation period, slow onset and long course of disease.
2. Common manifestations of cholinergic nerve overexcitation, such as headache, fatigue, salivation, blurred vision, pupil constriction, muscle tremor, pulmonary edema, coma, etc.
3. A few patients may have delayed peripheral neuropathy after poisoning, and some may have delayed sudden death.
4. Contact dermatitis may occur in skin contact.
5. Blood cholinesterase activity decreased.
22.2 The treatment points of malathion poisoning are [1]:
1. In case of oral poisoning, gastric lavage with alkaline liquid or clear water is prohibited. Skin polluters should be thoroughly washed with soapy water or clean water.
2. Atropine is the main detoxification treatment, and oxime cholinesterase reactivation agent has poor curative effect.
3. Symptomatic support treatment.
23 field emergency monitoring method directly into the water sample gas chromatography.
24 laboratory monitoring method gas chromatography (GB 13 1929 1, water quality)
Gas chromatography (GB/T 5009+0996, Grain, Vegetable and Oil)
Determination of harmful substances in air by enzyme ferric chloride colorimetry edited by Hang Shiping
25 Environmental Standard China (TJ3679) The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air of the workplace is 2 mg/m3; China (GB 1 160789) fishery water quality standard is 0.005 mg/L; China (GB3097 1997) seawater quality standard is 0.0005 ~ 0.00 1 mg. L China (GHZB 1 1999) environmental quality standard for surface water (Class I, II and III waters) 0.005mg/L China (to be promulgated) maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in drinking water source water 0.25mg/L China (GB8978 1996) integrated wastewater discharge standard I.
Grade III: 10 mg/L.
The maximum allowable concentration of pesticides in fresh water protected by the United Nations program (1974) is 0.008μg/L? The allowable standard of organophosphorus pesticides in food in China (GB5 12785) is 3mg/kg (grain). The storage place should be dry, dark and sealed, and the storage temperature should be 1 ~ 30℃. It can't be mixed with acid-base pesticides, nor should it be packed in metal utensils to avoid decomposition and failure.
Atropine and dephosphorization are the first-aid drugs for malathion. Take this product by mistake as follows: 1 Consult a doctor; 2. subcutaneous injection of1~ 2mg atropine; 3, full gastric lavage; 4, upper respiratory tract by * * * can drink a small amount of hot milk and soda water; 5. When eyes are polluted, wash eyes with clean boiled water immediately; 6. When the skin is inflamed, you can wet the bandage with 0% plain water.
Fire extinguishing: Water, sand and foam extinguisher can be used to extinguish the fire, and attention should be paid to prevent personal poisoning when extinguishing the fire.