Ge Hong (284 ~ 364)

He was a Taoist scholar, a famous alchemist and a medical scientist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The word Chuan, named Bao Puzi, was born in Jurong, Danyang County, Jin (now Jurong County, Jiangsu Province). The grandnephew of Ge Xuan, the alchemist of the Three Kingdoms, was called Little Fairy Weng. He was once named as the Hou of Guannei, and then lived in seclusion in Luofushan for alchemy. He is the author of Bao Puzi, Anxious Prescription, Miscellanies of Xijing, etc. Among them, Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter, namely "Dan Shu", describes various knowledge about chemistry such as refining gold and silver pills, and also introduces the properties and changes of many substances. For example, "Red mercuric sulfide (red mercuric sulfide) decomposes red mercuric sulfide (red mercuric sulfide) by heating. Adding sulfur to mercury can generate black mercuric sulfide and then become red mercuric sulfide. The reversibility of chemical reaction is described. Another example is "Zeng Qing painted iron, and iron is as red as copper", describing the reaction of iron replacing copper, and so on.

Life resume

Born in Jiangnan. When the ancestors were in Wu of the Three Kingdoms, they successively held important positions such as Yushicheng and Shangshu of the official department, and were named Hou of Shouxian County. His father Mao continued to work for Wu. After Wu's death, he started as an official in Jin, and finally moved to Shaoling County, where he died as an official. Ge Hong, Zan's third son, is favored by his father. 19 13 years, his father died, and his family was rich. He was "hungry and cold, bowing his head to plow the fields, riding the grass on the stars, and not attacking the territory." ..... Pay cut, sell paper and pens, camp in pastoral areas, and write books with firewood. ..... often lack of paper, every time you write a sentence, repeat a sentence, people can read it. ……"

At the age of sixteen, I began to read Confucian classics such as Filial Piety, The Analects of Confucius, Poetry, The Book of Changes, and I especially liked the Immortal Cultivation Method. Self-proclaimed: less good magic, negative steps, not afraid of difficulties and dangers. I feel happy every time I hear something different. I don't feel sorry for my broken smile. After learning alchemy from Andrew, he was highly valued. It is said that "there are more than 50 disciples, only the rest learned the classics and the five elements in the pillow at that time in Huang San, and the rest couldn't understand the first title of this book".

In the first year of Tai 'an in the Western Jin Dynasty (302), Andrew, his teacher, learned of the chaos of saving the world, and Jiangnan was about to boil, so he took his disciples to Huoshan in the east, but Ge Hong stayed in Danyang. In the second year of Tai 'an, Zhang Chang and Shi Bing rose up, with Hong Ren as the general. Because he actively suppressed the rebellion, he moved to Fu Bo. After the incident was settled, Hong went to Luoyang to look for different books, regardless of the meritorious military service. "However, due to" the chaos of a country "(referring to the" chaos of eight kings "-the leader's note), the road to the north was blocked, and Chen Min turned against Jiangdong and returned to Tuge. At this time of dilemma, it happened that his old friend was Guangzhou secretariat and asked him to join the army as an advance. Ge Hong thought that he could avoid the chaos in the south, so he went gladly. Unexpectedly, Han Ji was killed by his enemy Li Guo, so he stayed in Guangzhou for many years. I deeply feel that "the honored are snobbish, and the arms are like Fujian, which is extremely unusual and cannot be left behind." "Vigorous will die, brilliant will die, and if there are spring flowers, they will die in a short time. If you don't like it, you will lose peace. Regret, fear and trembling are not enough. " This is abandoning worldly affairs, determined to adopt a food and nourishing nature in the way of Qiao Song, and practicing metaphysics and tranquility. Later, he learned from Bao Jing and became a monk, which was highly respected.

In the fourth year of lite (3 16), it was still mulberry. After the founding of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he kept in mind his old achievements and made Shanhaiguan a city of 200. Xianhechu (326 ~ 334), King Situ was called to fill the state master book, transfer Situ Wei, and move to consult and join the army. Gan Bao also recommended him as a regular attendant of Sanshou, and received a lot of works, but Hong refused to resign. As soon as I heard that cinnabar appeared on my toes, I asked, so I took my sons and nephews with me. Going south to Guangzhou was left by the secretariat of Deng Yue, but it ended in an alchemy in Luofushan. In the years in the mountains, I have been leisurely, and my works are endless. He died in the first year of Xingning in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (363) at the age of 8 1. Or Yun died in the first year of Jian Yuan of Emperor Kang of Jin Dynasty (343) at the age of 6 1.