Anecdotal allusions Wang Shi Li Shixian1861On May 28th, the No.3 Taiping Army shouted to kill Jinhua, a young general-Wang Shi Li Shixian. Just when Tianjing occupied by Hong Xiuquan was under the heavy encirclement of the Qing army, the Taiping Army in Zhejiang, which echoed it from a distance, won victory and expanded its territory. Perhaps the commander-in-chief of this army is too talented, but Li Shixian has not been idle. In his early years, he rose up with Hong Xiuquan in Dali Mountain, Guangxi. At that time, he was still a teenager under the age of 20. He was silent for only a few years. With the outbreak of infighting in Tianjing, he finally had a chance to show his talents. As a representative of the younger generation, Hong Xiuquan began to use it. When Tianjing was in an emergency twice, Li Shixian cooperated with loyal Li Xiucheng, completely destroying the Jiangnan camp of the Qing army, and made an unparalleled "salvation feat" to make it surrender to the king and dominate one side.
Liyang 1864 fell and moved to Jiangxi. After the fall of Tianjin, Wang Haiyang, Liu Shunde and others entered Fujian via Guangdong and persisted in the struggle in Zhangzhou, thus liquidating the Fujian magistrate Lin Wencha and others. The following spring, Zuo led a heavy siege and was defeated by happeneth. He retreated to Yongding, followed by Qing soldiers, and went to Zhenping (Jiaoling, Guangdong) to vote for Wang Haiyang. Wang Zeng killed Lu Bu and was killed on August 23rd for fear of sin.
At this time, young generals came forth in large numbers at home and abroad, which once won the "Zhongxing" situation for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. After Li Shixian successfully occupied Jinhua, he established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom base in Zhejiang, and Shi Wang Fu became the military and political center of Zhejiang.
In the later period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the lower class people were miserable because of the excessive sealing of the throne. The treatment and level of each sealed person were still rising, regardless of the upcoming death, and Li Shixian was no exception. Stone was once the official residence of the country in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and Zhu Yuanzhang once lived here. The Ming Dynasty was a platform for patrolling imperial history, and the Qing Dynasty became the imperial court. Li Shixian took a fancy to this geomantic treasure-house, and told craftsmen to build a large building, covering a total area of more than 63,000 square meters, for 6,543.38+10,000 Taiping troops to practice in the house. 1863 After the Taiping Army withdrew from Jinhua, the palace was damaged to some extent, but it remained basically the same, so that everyone could have a quick look.
The momentum of the stone is extraordinary, showing a "big" word. The front wall towering into the sky, at least two stories high, completely covered the main entrance of Wang Fu, making it more mysterious and profound. There are many palaces in Beijing, but none of them has such a prominent screen wall, with steep cornices, rising proudly, blue tiles and white walls, simple and dignified, and dozens of carvings around them. It is rare and worthy of being a giant in the screen wall family. It is not easy to fill the sculpture in such a large area. The craftsmen carved all the auspicious things that could be carved, such as peony with two peaks, Hetao, water bird lotus and bat auspicious clouds. Relief, flat carving, through carving, carving and other techniques are readily available. The most iconic one is the stone dragon inlaid in the middle, which is exquisite and ready to come. The dragon is the incarnation of the emperor. Who dares to decorate the writer's door except the palace? The heroic spirit and rebellious spirit of Taiping Army are vividly displayed. Today, as a national first-class cultural relic, this dragon has been taken down, and it is safe and sound.
Zhaobi, also called Yingbi, is said to be invented by Manchu people. At that time, it was built to commemorate Nurhachi's return to the mountains, so that future generations would not forget the hard struggle of their ancestors. Regarded the rulers of Qing Dynasty as the Taiping Army in Clear The Demon, he adopted the theory of decorating his lintel with it. It seems that good things naturally have their own reasons.
Later generations evaluated Wang Fu.
Walking in the aisle is the main hall of Wang Fu East Hospital. Later generations erected a bust of Li Shixian in gold in the center of the main hall to commemorate this once-in-a-lifetime servant king. His eyes are bright and dignified, and there is an unyielding heroic spirit in his brow. On April 2nd, 1939, comrades made an important speech here to strengthen the anti-Japanese United front, which added some new legends to history. The broad and tall hall was the discussion hall of the leader of Taiping Army. All the walls and beams in the hall are painted with murals and colorful paintings with different contents, which are dazzling and colorful, making the hall more magnificent. Behind the main hall is the hall, the second hall and finally the cold-resistant porch. The 2000-year-old Cooper in front of the cold-resistant porch is worth seeing. According to legend, it was planted by Qian Miao, King of wuyue in the Five Dynasties. After thousands of years of wind and rain, the trunk leans but does not fall. Opposite the East Courtyard is the West Courtyard. It is Li Shixian's office and residence.
Murals and colored paintings
The most valuable historical relics of the stone are murals and colored paintings, which are pale ink and pale crimson, rigorous and bold, and can be called the swan song of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. At present, 407 murals 1 19 and colored paintings have been found, which were covered by mud in the past and were not discovered until 1963, making the artistic treasures buried for nearly a hundred years shine again.
So, is Taiping Army the creator of culture or the destroyer of culture? It is said that the Taiping Army has always despised traditional culture. Wherever he went, he burned Confucius temples and cut Confucius tablets. It once changed Jiangning Gong Xue into a "slaughter house" to slaughter cows and dogs, which greatly hurt the hearts and dignity of literati.
We can look at these colorful paintings carefully. They are rough and slender in style, rich in sunshine, and can't see the slightest barbarism and ignorance. Like the Four Seasons Fishing Map, which reflects reality and describes Jinhua people's hard work, it vividly depicts fishermen's fishing and catch in different seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and it is full of interest. Collecting firewood and reading books are full of rich life breath. There are also watchtower barracks that reflect the military and battle scenes of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Huang Chuping's throwing stones into sheep, and the Eight Immortals' happy pictures, which are based on local folk stories, and there are also many colorful paintings with brave and powerful birds and animals as their content, such as "Two Lions Playing with Beads" and "There are elephants in Taiping". Among them, The Woodman Picks a Thorn is the most "people-oriented" and is regarded as a wonderful flower in murals. In the remote mountains, a woodcutter cut firewood barefoot, and accidentally got stuck in his foot with wood, which made him miserable. Another woodcutter squatted on the ground, cautiously provoking, and brotherhood came to life, and the concept of "brothers everywhere" advocated by Taiping Army jumped to the wall. The key to the success of this painting lies not only in the ingenious painting skills, but also in the warmth and harmony of the content.
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom had a tradition of painting murals as early as Yong 'an, Guangxi. With Tianjing as the capital, the murals are more exquisite, and there is also a special painting institution "Embroidery Brocade" within the regime. In the process of drawing stone murals, some famous painters have contributed greatly, such as Zhu Xiaozun, Fang, Chen Changxian and Chen Shengyuan. Fang was only 20 years old at that time, and later he went to Suzhou, Hangzhou and Shaoxing to paint with the army. All four brothers joined the Taiping Army. 192 1 year, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the fall of Tianjing, he was over 80 years old. In order to remember the heroic spirit of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and his youth, he drew a picture of heroic spirit with deep affection, and its style was exactly the same as that of Qi Ying on the forehead of the east wing of Shisan Road.
The woodcutter is picking thorns.
Standing in front of "The Woodman Picks a Thorn", the author can't help but get lost in thought. Hong Xiuquan called for equality in his early years: all fields in the world are cultivated together, and all people are brothers. But how can the hierarchy be tightened in old age? Is the idea of equality disillusioned in just a few years? Hong Xiuquan only occupied a city of Nanjing, so he became king, lived in the palace and stayed at home. Although Yang has something to see, "I will also ask the false imperial edict to approve a fixed date." Does the Qing court even doubt whether Hong Xiuquan is still alive? The heavenly king put on airs, and the following people also put on airs. "When the East King, the North King, the Wing King and the Kings drove out, the Hou and the Prime Minister got out of the sedan chair, and the officers and soldiers inside did not avoid paying homage, they were all beheaded." Where is the shadow of "all brothers within the four seas"? The appearance of "The Woodman Picks a Thorn" shows that in the late Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the idea that "all the seas are brothers" did not give up verbally, but was painted on the wall and written on paper, becoming a decoration and a decoration.
"Every time I discuss this with the first emperor, I will sigh and hate Yu Huanling." Stopping in front of the mural, I remembered Zhuge Liang's heartfelt words. I hated the short-sightedness and corruption and extravagance of the rulers of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Before the destruction of Tianjing City, Hong Wang was intoxicated with "our world is impregnable". When Li Xiucheng put forward the best policy of "keeping the city from going", he angrily and nervously denounced: "I'm afraid of God's will ...! "Its fatuity exceeded that of the Qing emperor. Li Xiucheng had to say in "Li Xiucheng's readme": "If you accumulate today's troubles, the country will destroy Hong's surname." Such angry words.
At the end of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, people were distracted and the Great Wall destroyed itself. The chisel painting painted by the woodcutter on the wall is meaningless except to witness them killing each other. What's more, Li Shixian also became a victim of infighting, and died tragically and worthless. Although he escaped the pursuit of Qing soldiers, he did not escape the assassination of "brothers".
In fact, Wang Haiyang is also a brave man who is not afraid of death. Finally, I went shopping for the Qing army and died in the battlefield. But this man is too cruel to his "brothers". First, he killed Li Yuanmao and other Taiping generals who defected to him. Then he aimed at his boss, Li Shixian, and killed Wang Shi in his sleep on a dark night in January.
After the break of Tianjing City, Li Shixian became the last hope of Taiping Army. With his prestige and ability, it is still unclear to command the Taiping Army to make a comeback. The disaster started with a small wall and the fortress was breached from the inside. The collapse of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom has added a heavy footnote to this ancient truth.
Looking back at the palace, we are proud of the splendid art, but we are saddened by the blood; It casts a cultural monument of an era, but it can't stop the demise of a peasant regime. It seems that all whitewash words should be put into action, not just words. The beautiful vision of "brothers all over the world" is not shouted out, let alone can be realized by painting a few murals.