Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427), also known as "Jingjie", was born in Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "School of Ancient and Modern Hermit Poetry", with a collection of Tao Yuanming.
Early life
Yuan Ming's great-grandfather or Tao Kan is still controversial, but the kinship between them is certain? )。 Grandfather Meng Jia was a celebrity in Jin Dynasty and married Tao Kan's tenth daughter. Grandfather is a satrap (Grandfather has two names, Dai or Mao? ), my father is a person who "walks through the storm and is happy". The specific deeds can no longer be checked. There is also an ordinary sister, Obuchi Ming is three years old, and later married to the Cheng family, so Tao called her Cheng's sister. As far as his father still has a concubine, Yuan Ming's original family background is not too bad. At the age of eight, Yuan Ming's father died and his family fortune gradually declined. Mother died at the age of twelve, and Yuan Ming later wrote in an article recalling this past: "Kindness is early, fashion is naive. I'm twenty-six years old, and I'm only nine years old. At the age of twenty, my family was particularly poor, as evidenced by a poem: "When I was weak, my family was poor" ("Meeting Work").
Yuan Ming "studied Confucian classics since childhood, loved leisure, read good deeds, cherished solitary thoughts, loved Qiushan, had lofty aspirations and different customs". Murong Xu said: "The general angle hears the Tao", and drinking sixteen parts: "Young people are poor, but they can swim well in the Six Classics". He was educated by Confucianism in his early years and had the ambition of "traveling around the world and thinking far away" (miscellaneous poems). In that era when Laozi and Zhuangzi prevailed, he was also influenced by Taoist thought. He likes nature very early: "Less is not suitable for vulgar rhyme, and nature loves autumn mountains" (the first part of Return to the Garden). He also loves piano books: "Learn piano books less, I love leisure, and when I open the books, I forget to eat happily. In the shade, the birds changed their voices and they were happy again. As the saying goes, in mid-May and June, I was lying under the north window, and when the cool breeze came, I called myself Master Xidi. If you know what it means, you can keep your words "("Yan Zi et al. "). In him, there is both Taoist cultivation and Confucian cultivation.
official career
At the age of twenty, Yuan Ming started his official career to make a living. "Drinking" Part 10: "I swam far to the corner of the East China Sea. It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan, and wind and rain hinder the road. Who made this trip? As if driven by hunger. Just have a little when you are full. Afraid that this is not a famous plan, I will return to a leisurely life "is to recall his official career." "At this stage, the details of the junior officials he was forced to serve by life are not yet available. After a short life at home, he became a state wine waiter at the age of 29 (the specific affairs of this official position have yet to be verified), and soon he was unbearable to be an official and resigned and returned to China. Soon, the country asked him to be the master book, but he resigned and still lived at home. In the second year of Longan (AD 398), Yuanming joined Huan Xuan. At the beginning of the fourth year of Longan (AD 400), he was sent to the capital and returned from the capital in May. Yu Guilin was blocked by the strong wind, and there was a poem "Gengzi was still blocked from the capital in May", which expressed his desire to return home and his nostalgia for the former residence in the garden. A year later, I went back to Xunyang to mourn my mother. After the expiration of three years, Yuan Ming became an official again with the concept of "forty ignorance and no fear" and became a general of the town army, Liu Yu. At this point, his mood is contradictory. He wants to make a grand plan for being an official, but he still misses the countryside after being an official. "He hates seeing different places in Sichuan, and his heart is full of mountains and rivers" ("The First Town Army Joins the Army" Qu Azuo). In March of the first year of Yixi (A.D. 405), Yuan and Ming joined Liu Shenjun, the general of Jianwei, and moved to the west to build the capital. There is a poem called "When I was four years old, I crossed the capital of western Guizhou", which said, "I look at the mountains and rivers every morning, and everything remains the same", "I care about what I have, but I don't care what I have" and "I dream about gardening every day, and I haven't seen you for a long time", which is the turmoil between officials.
live/dwell in seclusion
In August of the first year of Yixi (AD 405), Yuan Ming was appointed as an official for the last time and said goodbye to Peng. In November, Cheng Shimei died in Wuchang. Yuan Ming wrote "Gui Xi Ci", unsealed and resigned, and officially began to live in seclusion until the end of his life. At this time, the understanding is profound, the political attitude enters a clear period, and the thought also enters a mature period. Different from his previous life of farming, he is conscious now: he does this and understands why he does it. His rural life used to look like a small and medium-sized landlord, but now he has more labor and is closer to the life of ordinary farmers. During this period, he wrote many poems reflecting rural life, such as five "Returning to the Garden" and twelve "Miscellaneous Poems". In the fourth year of Yixi (AD 408), in mid-June, Yuanming's house caught fire, and the house was completely destroyed and forced to move. In the 11th year of Yixi (AD 4 15), the imperial court recruited him as Zuolang, but Yuan Ming said that he was ill and did not apply. In the 14th year of Yixi (AD 4 18), Wang Hong was the secretariat of Jiangzhou, and made friends with Yuan Ming about one year or two later. There are anecdotes between them, and wine is given away for nothing. In the first year of Yuanjia (AD 424), Yan Yanzhi made friends with Yuanming for the first time, and there was an anecdote about Gong Yan paying for wine. In the fourth year of Yuanjia (AD 427), Tan Daoji heard Yuanming's name, went to see him, gave him Liang rou, and advised him to be an official, but he refused and did not accept the Liang rou he gave him. In the same year, Yuan Ming died in Xunyang. After his death, his friends privately called it "Beijing Festival" and later called it "Festival".