Zhu De (1886 65438+February1-1July 6, 976) was born in Yilong, Sichuan. One of the founders of China People's Liberation Army, the first generation leader of People's Republic of China (PRC), Marshal People's Republic of China (PRC).
Biographical notes
1886 65438+February 1- Born in Yilong, Sichuan.
1909- Join the Chinese League.
19 15- participated in the war to protect Cai E, and was promoted to brigade commander, police chief and gendarmerie commander of Yunnan province due to his outstanding achievements.
Zhou Enlai introduced China to Germany.
1922 —— Studying in Germany (University of G? ttingen)
65438+August 1, 0927 —— Participated in commanding Nanchang Uprising as the deputy commander of the 9th Army of the National Revolutionary Army and the police chief of Nanchang. After the uprising troops went south, Zhu De was ordered to lead the 25th Division to stay in Sanheba, Guangdong Province, and defected to the old Dian army stationed in Shaoguan.
1928 1, Zhu De and Chen Yi launched an uprising in southern Hunan. 1April, 928, southern Hunan uprising troops moved to Jinggangshan, Zhu Mao joined forces in Longshi, Ninggang, and established the Fourth Army of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, with Zhu De as the commander. It is the main advocate of the 16-character formula in guerrilla warfare.
1August, 930-Commander-in-Chief and Commander-in-Chief of the First Front Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army.
1930- 193 1 year, Zhu De and Mao Zedong commanded the Red Army to win the first, second and third counter-encirclement campaigns. Initially began to change from guerrilla warfare to mobile warfare.
1931-the provisional central government of chinese soviet republic was established as the chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission.
1932, Zhu De and Zhou Enlai commanded the Red Army to win the fourth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", and the Red Army changed from guerrilla warfare to large-scale mountain mobile warfare, and its technical and tactical level was qualitatively improved.
1934 65438+ 10 month-after being elected as a member of China * * * the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee.
1933- 1934, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, and Bo Gu, at the suggestion of Li De, failed to direct the counter-campaign for the fifth time, and the Central Red Army was forced to make a strategic shift. 1In August, 935, Zhu De left the Central Red Army and joined Zhang Zuolu Army. Although he had a resolute strategic struggle with Zhang Jin, it was difficult to prevent Zhang from establishing another central government. 1936 10, Zhu De and Zhang led the Second and Fourth Army to join forces with the Red Army in Huining, Gansu. After Zhu Mao's meeting, Mao Zedong praised him for being "rational and good at fighting, facing big festivals without humiliation" and "measuring like the sea and being strong-willed". 1In August, 937, Zhu De attended the Nanjing National Defense Conference. On August 25th, the main force of the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with Zhu De as commander-in-chief. 1September, 937, Zhu De led the Eighth Route Army headquarters to Wutai, Shanxi, and commanded the Eighth Route Army in the War of Resistance. After the Eighth Route Army headquarters has been stationed in Linfen, Guxian Town, Wuxiang and other places in Shanxi. During his stay in Shanxi's front line, Zhu De also served as deputy commander-in-chief of the Second World War area and commander-in-chief of the East Route Army. 1940, Zhu De returned to Yan 'an from the front. 194 1 year, the central government decided to set up a secretariat, and Zhu De was one of the three secretaries.
1945 —— The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was elected as member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and secretary of the Central Secretariat. Zhu De made a report on the battlefield in the liberated areas at the conference.
1In August, 945, Zhu De ordered the anti-Japanese troops behind the enemy lines led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to launch a big counterattack against the Japanese aggressors, demanding that the Japanese troops in the battlefield behind the enemy lines surrender to the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and the South China guerrillas face to face. 1February, 947, Zhu De and Liu Shaoqi led the Central Working Committee to leave Yan 'an for Xibaipo, Hebei. Zhu De commanded the North China Field Army to hold the Battle of Qingfengdian and the Battle of Shimen (Shijiazhuang), which was the first time that the People's Liberation Army conquered a strong fortified city, marking a qualitative leap in the PLA's ability to tackle key problems.
1949 —— After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as vice chairman of the Central People's Government and commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army of China.
1950, secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.
1954 —— Elected Vice Chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC).
1955- was awarded the rank of Marshal People's Republic of China (PRC).
1956 —— Elected as The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) of the Communist Party of China, and served as the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and vice chairman of the Central Military Commission.
1959-elected chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) (until his death).
1959 Lushan Meeting Zhu De was removed from the post of Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission and reduced to the Standing Committee of the Military Commission, from which he faded out of the military.
1976- onset of serious illness
1July 6, 976-died in Beijing.
Vice Chairman of the Central People's Government (1949—1954)
Vice President People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) (1954—1959)
Chairman the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) (1959—1976)
Secretary the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee (1945 ——1956)
Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of communist party, China (1956—1966)
Standing Committee of the Political Bureau (PSC) (1966—1969, 1973—1976).
Member of the Political Bureau of The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC) (1969—1973)
Zhu De had five wives in his life. He married his fourth wife Wu in Jinggangshan, and Wu died when the troops left Jinggangshan. Married his fifth wife, Kang Keqing, in Gannan.
The foreigner who has the deepest friendship with Zhu De is Smedley. 1937 1, accompanied by Ding Ling, the American woman writer Smedley went to Yan 'an, and that evening, she went to the headquarters in Zhu De. The first meeting touched Smedley a lot. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhu De and Smedley stayed in Shanxi for nine months. When talking with Zhu De, Smedley has made up his mind to write a biography of Zhu De. But it was not until after her death that 1956 published the biography Avenue: Life and Times of Zhu De. It was not until 1979 that the Chinese translation was published by Sanlian Bookstore. This book and Si Nuo's "Red Star over China" are called classic works describing the Chinese Red Army and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1950 10, Smedley's ashes and suitcase left England and arrived in China by cargo ship. Before her death, she asked Dedez Publishing House to pay Zhu De's copyright fee. 1951May 6, on the first anniversary of her death, her ashes were buried in the Babaoshan Martyrs Cemetery in Beijing. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De wrote the inscription on the tombstone: the tomb of agnes smedley, a friend of the people of China and an American revolutionary writer. 1985 Bayi Film Studio filmed Zhu De and Smedley. Among the special actors who play Zhu De, Liu Huaizheng and Wang Wufu are the most famous.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu De's hobby was planting and appreciating orchids.
From 65438 to 0993, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Literature Research Office edited and published Biography of Zhu De.
youth
He was born in a farmhouse in Yilong County, Sichuan Province. At the age of 20, I was admitted to chengdu normal university (I borrowed all the money for studying and paid it back when I became an officer in the army). Zhu De felt that there was no way out as a physical education teacher, so he went to Kunming to take an examination of Wujiangtang in Yunnan and entered the military field from then on. Later, he served as a brigade commander in Cai E's Yunnan Army and participated in the war to defend the country. After taking refuge in Chen Duxiu (Chen didn't want to accept him as party member), he went to study in Germany and took part in the Northern Expedition after returning home.
Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).
1August, 927, participated in and led the Nanchang Uprising. After the failure of Nanchang Uprising, he led the rest of the insurgents to the border of Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxi and launched the Southern Hunan Uprising. It passed through Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, and finally joined forces with the Mao Zedong Autumn Harvest Uprising in Jinggangshan, laying the foundation for China's army. Together with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, he commanded the Red Army of Workers and Peasants to smash the first, second, third and fourth encirclement and suppression campaigns launched by the national army against the central revolutionary base area.
He has served as commander-in-chief of the Red Army and commander-in-chief of the Red Army, so he is called "Boss Zhu".
As Commander-in-Chief of the Eighth Route Army, he led the Eighth Route Army into Shanxi, and won victories such as Pingxingguan, Yanmenguan and the destruction of the Japanese Yangming Fort Airport. After that, he led the Eighth Route Army to carry out guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines.
Zhu De is famous for his generous elders in the army, and he often mingles with his subordinates. Zhu De's pole is a famous story in Jinggangshan period. However, Zhu De can be very harsh at times. He severely criticized 1 15, brigade commander Xu Haidong and brigade commander Tian Shouyao.
After Zhu De took part in the revolution, he didn't go back to his hometown to visit his parents. Knowing that my mother died during the Anti-Japanese War, I wrote "Remembering Mother" in Yan 'an, and this article was also selected as a Chinese textbook for middle schools after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
After the founding of the people's Republic of China
1955 was awarded the rank of Marshal People's Republic of China (PRC), with ten people ranking first.
1946 ——1954 served as commander-in-chief of China People's Liberation Army.
Zhu De is also known as a revolutionary, strategist, politician and national leader.