Ban Jieyu is the empress of Emperor Han Cheng, and before Zhao Yanfei entered the palace, Emperor Han Cheng was her luckiest. Her father is Ban Kuang, who galloped on the battlefield in the later period of Emperor Wu's attack on Xiongnu, and made great contributions.
Ban Jieyu's virtue in the harem is well known. At the beginning, Emperor Han Chengdi was attracted by her beauty and charm and was tired of her every day. Ban Jieyu's literary attainments are extremely high, especially familiar with historical events, and he often quotes classics to enlighten the inner anguish of Emperor Han Chengdi. Ban Jieyu is also good at temperament, which often makes Emperor Xian of Han forget himself in the sound of silk and bamboo. For Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Ban Jieyu is not only her concubine, but also her various talents, which makes Emperor Xian of Han put her in the position of a friend.
When the emperors of Han Dynasty visited the imperial palace, they often took a limousine, with silk as the curtain and brocade mattress as the cushion, and the two men dragged in front, which was called a "chariot". As for the car that the queen's concubines took, only one person was supporting it. In order to stay with Ban Jieyu at all times, Emperor Han Cheng specially ordered someone to make a bigger chariot to travel with him, but it was rejected by Ban Jieyu. She said: "Look at the pictures left by ancient times, the kings of sages are surrounded by famous ministers. The last masters of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Xia Jie, Shang and Zhou, and Zhou Youwang, were lucky enough to have concubines, and finally they all fell into a state of ruin. If I go in and out with you, I'll look like them. Can you not be shocked? " Emperor Han Chengdi thought what she said was reasonable, so he had to give up the idea of going out with the chariot for the time being. At that time, the Empress Dowager heard that Ban Jieyu used reason to control his feelings and didn't travel with the emperor. She appreciated it very much and said to those close to her left and right, "There was Fan Ji in ancient times, and now there is Ban Jieyu." Here, the Queen Mother compared Ban Jieyu with Fan Ji, the wife of Duke Zhuang of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and gave her the greatest encouragement and encouragement. Chu Zhuangwang just acceded to the throne, like hunting, doing nothing, Fan Ji tried to persuade, but the effect was not great, so he stopped eating animal meat. Chu Zhuangwang finally moved his heart, turned over a new leaf, didn't hunt much, and was diligent in politics. Later, due to Fan Ji's recommendation, Sun Shuai, a sage, was reused as Lingyin Prime Minister, dominating the world for three years and becoming one of the "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period".
The Queen Mother compared Ban Jieyu to Fan Ji, which made Ban Jieyu's position in the harem more prominent. At that time, Ban Jieyu strengthened his self-cultivation in women's virtue, beauty, talent and women workers, hoping to have a greater influence on Emperor Han Cheng and make him a wise monarch. Unfortunately, Emperor Han Chengdi was not Chu Zhuangwang. Since Zhao's sisters entered the palace, they have all become bohemian, and Ban Jieyu has been left out in the cold.
After the Zhao sisters entered the palace, they were overbearing, and Queen Xu was very annoying. In desperation, she came up with a bad idea, set up an altar in the bedroom where the lamp was lonely and the rice was cold, prayed for the emperor to bless the longevity and cursed the Zhao sisters. After the story was revealed, the Zhao sisters deliberately said that Queen Xu cursed not only herself, but also the emperor. In a rage, Emperor Hancheng abandoned Queen Xu in Zhaotai Palace. The Zhao sisters also want to take this opportunity to attack their main rival, Ban Jieyu. Confused Han Chengdi was dizzy and actually listened to rumors. Ban Jieyu, on the other hand, was unhurriedly symmetrical: "I heard that life and death have a life, wealth is in the sky, and the correction has not yet been blessed. What hope do you have for evil desires? " If ghosts and gods know, there is no reason to listen to the truth; What's the use of keeping warm if ghosts and gods are ignorant? Not only do I dare not do it, but I despise it. "I know that people's life is doomed, and people's wealth is doomed, which is beyond the reach of human beings. What hope is there for evil if correction is not blessed? If ghosts and gods know, will they listen to prayers without faith? What's the use of cursing if the gods are ignorant! I not only dare not do it, but also disdain to do it! " Emperor Han Chengdi thought what she said was reasonable and remembered the love not long ago. He especially pitied it, didn't pursue it, gave it a generous reward and made up for his guilt.
Ban Jieyu is a knowledgeable and virtuous woman, where she can stand mutual criticism, jealousy and rejection. In order to avoid future troubles, she thought it was better to hurry back to preserve our sanity, so she wrote a letter and invited herself to serve the Queen Mother in Changxin Palace. Clever Ban Jieyu put herself under the wing of the Queen Mother, and she was no longer afraid of being framed by Zhao's sisters. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave her permission.
From then on, the palace was silent and the years were long. Ban Jieyu was very dissatisfied with his wealth, so he used the autumn fan to hurt himself and wrote the poem of the fan:
The newly made seven bowls of crisp are as bright as frost and snow.
Cut into acacia fans, reunion is like the bright moon.
In and out of your arms, shaking the breeze;
I am often afraid that the autumn festival will come, and the coolness will seize the heat;
Abandoning the donation of pods is absolutely unique.
Ban Jieyu knew that he was like a fan in autumn, and he would never get the tender love of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Soon, Zhao was made queen, and Zhao Hede became Zhao Yi. However, in Ban Jieyu's view, all this seems to have nothing to do with her. Quiet in heart, similar to herself, she not only accompanied the Queen Mother to burn incense and worship Buddha, but also left many poems for the literary world.
Han Yu said such a passage in Liu Zihou's epitaph; However, after a long time, he became extremely poor. Although he was born in the people, his literary discourse cannot be independent, which will undoubtedly spread to the future. Although the child is given whatever he wants, it will be easier for him for a while. Who gains and who loses? There must be someone who can tell. "This is also suitable for Ban Jieyu. If Ban Jieyu wins the favor of Emperor Han Cheng, will she leave many beautiful poems for the literary world? Compared with the two, who gains and loses, who can tell?
One of her most famous poems is "Long Letter and Palace Complaints". Poetry was written from the moment I entered the palace until I felt sorry for myself, cherished my feathers and refused to be prosperous. I follow the example of ancient boys and girls, and I am willing to live in the palace for a long time, with a lonely lamp reflecting the wall and the room cold. When I think of my old love with the emperor, I don't feel tears and feel deeply grieved. Day after day, night after night, I mercilessly swallowed up the colorful years, and finally only wrote. Full of infinite sadness and gun feeling, people can't bear to read.
In March of the second year of He Sui, Emperor Han Cheng died in Weiyang Palace. After the death of Emperor Han Cheng, the Queen Mother appointed Ban Jieyu as the guardian of the cemetery. From then on, Ban Jieyu spent his lonely old age with a stone man and a horse every day, listening to the breeze and looking at the cigarettes on the table.
Ban Jieyu
Edit the history related to this paragraph.
At that time, people said that Ban Jieyu's courtiers were not polite, but they were like Zhou Xuanwang's post-ginger chicken crow warning. It's a pity that Han Emperor was addicted to debauchery and stayed away from Ban Jieyu's persuasion and influence, so Zhou Xuanwang achieved the great cause of Zhongxing, but Han Emperor ended in sudden death. Here, I don't feel sorry for Han Chengdi, but I feel sorry for Ban Jieyu. What if she met Zhou Xuanwang and Chu Zhuangwang in the past, or her later Emperor Taizong, or even Ming Taizu?
Ban Jieyu's original collection of poems, Volume One, is contained in the Annals of Sui Shu Classics, which has been lost. Besides "Self-pity" and "Knife Fu Su", there are also songs of complaint. The song of hatred is a "song of fans".
Zhong Rong's evaluation of this poem in Shi Pin is: "The short chapter of Tuan Fan is clear and concise, full of resentment, and it is the result of a woman." Shen Deqian's comment on the source of ancient poetry also said that "the meaning is slightly graceful and graceful, and the rhyme is peaceful".
Complaining songs can be found in Selected Works of Zhaoming and Yutai New Poems, and Yuefu poems are included in Xiang He Ge Chu Tune. Since Chen Liang, almost all books have been selected on the topic of Ban Jieyu's poems. "Xin Yong Yu Tai" also said in an orderly way that "Ban Jieyu, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, fell out of favor and was embraced in Changxin Palace, a poem of self-injury and resentment." There is a similar problem with the origin of ancient poetry. The biography of consorts in Hanshu only talks about Ban Jieyu's self-injury, and there is no such thing as "complaining about poetry". Shan Li's annotation in Selected Works said: "The Book of Songs records that' songs of complaint' is an ancient phrase." However, it is said that the ancients had this song, but it was put forward by Ban Jieyu. "Liu Xie also said that this is" doubt future generations ". (See "Wen Xin Diao Long Ming Shi") It seems that there are only two possibilities for this poem: one is this ancient poem, and Ban Jieyu has another picture; Second, this article was written by Ban Jieyu, and the original ancient characters are biographies. However, the emotional appeal and the metaphor of the fan in this poem are not in contradiction with Ban Jieyu's life experience.
Ban Jieyu
Edit this passage of Tuan Fan and Ban Jieyu.
Tuan Fan appeared in the Western Han Dynasty, also known as Si Gong Shan and Acacia Fan, which was the jewelry of concubines and ladies at that time. However, in the past dynasties, the round fan almost became a symbol of beauty's misfortune and loss of power. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jian wrote: "A round fan, a round fan, a beautiful woman covers her face. Jade face gaunt for three years, who will discuss orchestral again? Chord tube, chord tube, spring grass Zhaoyang road is broken. " As for the relationship between the round fan and the miserable life situation, all this has to start from Ban Jieyu in the Han Dynasty.
Liu Ao, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was in his prime when he ascended the throne. It's time to give up sex It happened that he was a lecherous emperor, and he courted all day when he was in the East Palace. Empress Xu was very popular in her prime because of her excellent color and art. The emperor ascended the throne for more than ten years, and the empress Xu was nearly thirty years old. Her beauty is getting thinner and thinner, and her temples are getting thinner. The emperor was naturally lustful, and naturally she became a yellow-faced woman. After many years, the color faded and he liked to relax. At this time, Emperor Cheng doted on Ban Jieyu.
Ban Jieyu is the daughter of Yue Qi's captain class. She is smart, beautiful, talented and good at poetry. When he became emperor, he was elected to the palace and made king of birth control. She doesn't compete for favor, doesn't interfere in politics, keeps ethical codes and behaves correctly. At the beginning, Emperor Han Chengdi was attracted by her beauty and charm and stayed with her every day. Ban Jieyu's literary attainments are extremely high, especially familiar with historical events, and he can often quote classics to enlighten the inner anguish of Emperor Cheng. Ban Jieyu is also good-natured, which makes him forget himself in the sound of silk and bamboo. For Emperor Cheng, Ban Jieyu was not only a concubine, but also a talented person, which made Emperor Han put her in the position of confidant. But the solemn, self-restraint and rigid etiquette also buried the hidden danger that the emperor gradually lost his enthusiasm for her for a long time. Ban Jieyu once gave birth to a prince and died a few months later. Since then, although she has been spoiled for a long time, she has never given birth to a child.
In the third year of Han Hongjia, Emperor Cheng traveled incognito and traveled to Yang Agong's mansion. Seeing a singer is very beautiful, infinitely shy, and there is a feeling of being at arm's length, which makes people feel sad. Hou, Ban and Zhang are still young, not as good as one or two. Emperor Cheng begged the princess to have this daughter. This woman is the most famous Zhao in history. Zhao Yanfei, who is as light as a swallow and can sing and dance well, is favored in the harem, arrogant and jealous. Later, Zhao introduced his sister Zhao Hede, and the two sisters took turns to wait on the bed, even trying their best to win the evening. In addition, the makeup of the harem is not worthy of attention, so I have to feel sorry for myself and feel sad secretly.
After Emperor Cheng became complacent about Zhao, he stayed with him all the time, that is, Ban Jieyu, the favorite in daily life, gradually cooled down. Queen Xu Shi, not to mention, of course. Queen Xu has a little sister named Xu Wei. Because she and Hou Xu are sisters, they naturally often enter the palace. On this day, she entered the palace again and saw Hou Xu crying alone. Xu Wei asked her sister why she was sad. While wiping away tears, Xu told the pain in his heart. It turned out that Emperor Cheng loved Zhao recently, and he never even set foot in the queen's inner palace.
Hearing this, Xu Wei said, "Sister, don't be sad. The emperor recruited Zhao for his children. As long as my sister is pregnant, I am not afraid that the emperor will not love you as before. " Hou Xu blushed and said, "Where do I have children now?" Xu Wei asked Hou Xu to ask Wu Zhu to set up an altar to pray for a child. It was heard by Zhao. At this time, Zhao is trying to be the queen. Hearing the news, she told Emperor Cheng that Hou Xu had set up an altar in the palace to curse it. Emperor Cheng was furious, and the ribbon he took back was abandoned in Zhaotai Palace, and he criticized Xu Wei, which implicated Ban Jieyu. Ban Jieyu calmly said, "I heard that life and death are life, wealth is in the sky, and the correction has not yet been blessed. What hope is there for evil? " If ghosts and gods know, will you listen to rumors? What good is swearing in case of ignorance? Not only do I dare not do it, but I despise it! "Han Chengdi was deeply moved by her confession. And give gold one hundred jins, life Ban Jieyu retired to the harem, from its discussion. Later, Emperor Cheng made Zhao the queen, named Zhao Hede the queen, and lived in Zhaoyang Palace. The palace is all decorated with gold, white jade, pearls and jade feathers.
Although Ban Jieyu got away with it, he knew that Zhao's sisters were in the palace now. If he didn't want a whole law, he would be the second queen in the future. She thought all night and soon wrote a paper and presented it to the emperor. When Emperor Cheng saw that she invited him to visit the Queen Mother in Changxin Palace, he approved it. Ban Jieyu moved to Changxin Palace today and quietly retired among the pale lilies. Every day at dawn, as soon as the door of Changxin Palace opened, she began to sweep the floor step by step, and her life was rigid and monotonous. Hearing the laughter from Zhaoyang Palace in the distance, she saw that she was like an abandoned fan in autumn, and no one was interested in her loneliness. In her spare time, she kills time by writing poems to mourn herself. Every time I think of crows flying by, I may still have the sun shadow of Zhaoyang Hall, which will inevitably hurt my heart. In her poem, she compared herself to an autumn fan and sighed, "I am always afraid that the autumn festival will come and the cool wind will take away the heat." Abandoning donations is absolutely kind. "A round fan made of white silk always takes its owner when it is hot. In the cool autumn, it is discarded in the box. Later generations took "autumn cool group fan" as the story of women falling out of favor, also known as "class girl fan". Ban Jieyu spent his old age in this way. After the death of Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty, Ban Jieyu asked to guard the tomb of Emperor Cheng in his lifetime. With the shadow of the grave, he lived alone for five years and then passed away. He was about forty years old and was buried in Yanling. Tang Yili's poem "Palace Complaint" says: "The flowers are wet in the palace, and Zhaoyang blows the moon song. It's like adding seawater to a leak in the palace and dripping Nagato all night. "Wang Changling's" Chang Xin Qiu Ci "says:" The broom opens the Golden Palace, and the round fan drifts temporarily. " They all depict Ban Jieyu's depressed mood at that time.
Edit the character evaluation of this paragraph.
Jieyu is not the name of Banjia, but the title of concubine in Han Dynasty. Because Ban was enshrined in the palace, this title has been used by later generations, so that his real name cannot be verified. In the Han Dynasty, the spouses of emperors were divided into three categories: queens, concubines and concubines. Jieyu is the first of all concubines, but her status is too low to even qualify as a concubine. According to legend, Ban Jieyu is the daughter of a captain in Qi Yue, that is, Ban Gu, the author of Hanshu, and the aunt of Ban Chao, a famous emissary from the Western Regions. The biography of consorts in Hanshu says that she is only a scholar and good at poetry and fu. When Han became emperor, she was elected to the palace. At first, she was a small envoy, and soon she was named Jieyu.
Gu Kaizhi painted a history of women in Jin Dynasty, depicting the scene that Emperor Cheng of the Western Han Dynasty walked side by side with Ban Jieyu. The figures in the painting are graceful and subtle, and the women in the painting are especially dignified and demure. "Women's history" refers to court women, and "persuasion" refers to persuasion. It can be seen that the picture is intended to persuade concubines to be cautious and kind, and women all over the world can also learn from it. Ban Jieyu has become a reflection of women's virtue. Ban Jieyu, the only poetess who commented on Zhong Rong's Poems of the Liang Dynasty, said: "From Li to Ban Jieyu, there must be a woman and only one person in a hundred years." The number of court beauties in the Han Dynasty swelled to more than 40,000, setting a record for the largest number of maids in China's history. Ban Jieyu is an outstanding talented woman, but the role of maids is to please the emperor. It doesn't matter whether they are talented or not. Although some talented women are passed down from generation to generation, they are always a little far away. Ban Jieyu who can write poetry is no match for Zhao who can fly. Ban Jieyu can be regarded as a model of ancient women's morality, but in a sense, she suffered greatly.