Characteristics of Selected Biographies in Classical Chinese

1. Stylistically, the selected works are all historical biographies.

Mainly narrative, less discussion, shorter length and concise language.

The selected works mainly come from Historical Records, Han Shu, The History of the Later Han Dynasty, The History of the New Five Dynasties, The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Jin Shu, Zi Tongzhi Jian, Yuan Shi and Shi Ming.

2. From the content, the main characters in the selected articles are mostly positive images.

The protagonists in the selected works are mostly famous civil servants and military commanders, and their life stories and outstanding deeds are mainly described around this figure.

The articles are thoughtful, and the selected articles generally highlight the dedication and outstanding talents of the characters.

Four reading points of biographical text

One is personality.

Who is the biographer? Which dynasty? Who else is involved?

The second is the official.

The characters in such texts are mostly officials. Want to know what his position is? North Korean officials or local officials? how many degree?

The third is the event.

To find out what Chu Wen wrote: filial piety? Study hard? Clean? Does the person you love resist? Wait, how much did you write?

The fourth is personality.

Most of the protagonists in this paper are decent people, and the information that needs to be "screened" and "extracted" is often their good character.

Read it three times and solve the problem.

First, read the beginning of the article and make a clear outline.

1. Understand people and things: sketch out the place names, names and official names that appear in the text, find out the relationship between people, and have a general understanding of people and things.

2. Dredge the sentence: add some omitted subjects or objects in the paragraph.

Second, read the article again and infer the meaning.

1, method: Make good use of the questions in classical Chinese, right or wrong are hints, which will help you infer the meaning of the text.

2. Elements: Make clear the narrative context, that is, who did what where, what was the result, what was the consequence or influence, and what qualities or talents these things can show the protagonist.

3. Language: consider whether the omitted part added in the first step is appropriate in combination with the whole article.

Third, check the article and complete the answer.

1, language question: according to the meaning of the full text, determine the meaning of the words in the text, and do a good job in sentence translation combined with sentence pattern rules;

2. Information questions: most of them are summary questions of people or major events.

According to the principle of holistic reading, find out the information hints of related sentences and fill in the blanks according to the requirements of the topic.

Complement the words in classical Chinese about post rise and fall.

The first category: words expressing granting and promotion.

Sign, send, recommend, lift, worship, divide, grant, promote and pull out.

The second category: if the official position is transferred.

Move, transfer, adjust, migrate, make up and change

The third category: the words of part-time job and agency.

Part-time job, collar, agency and power

The fourth category: words of demotion and recall.

Demote, demote, leave, move to the left, strike, exemption, dismissal and abolition.

Category V: Others. Others do not represent the change of official position, but they are often combined with official position and can be flexibly translated into the meaning of being in charge and presiding.

Knowing, Doing and Being Master

Supplement the classical Chinese vocabulary of ordinary officials

Military attache: generally called general, captain, general, Sima, our ambassador, secretary in charge, staff officer, joining the army, etc. Such as: corps commander, captain Tunqi, general Qilian, etc.

Central civil servants: generally referred to as doctors, attendants, practitioners, foreign ministers, principals, etc. For example: an ancient adviser, an adviser, an assistant minister, a secretary, and an academician (attendant) to be summoned.

Local civil servants: satrap, secretariat, long history, don't drive, steep envoy, magistrate, magistrate, order, etc.

There is also a common word:

Yuàn: the general term for ancient officials. Secretary: Relevant officials.

Examples of official names in ancient times (interesting)

1, Shou: The Warring States called it a county magistrate, and the Han Dynasty changed it to a satrap and became the chief executive of a county.

2. Local Chief Executive: The local chief executive in charge of state and county affairs. Equivalent to the governor.

3. It is well known that the local chief executive is equivalent to the mayor of the provincial capital city.

4. Local Chief Executive: A local chief executive, equivalent to a county magistrate.

5. Experience: The chief officials of the organs under the ministries and commissions are equivalent to bureau-level officials.

6. Pedestrian: used to send envoys, equivalent to the staff of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

7. Xian Cheng: Assisting the county magistrate to govern a county, which is equivalent to the deputy county magistrate.

8. Professor: Specially responsible for the discipline and assessment of students, equivalent to the provincial education director.

9. Guerrillas: Division-level officers in charge of military defense and defense work.

10, Assistant Minister: The Central Organization Department is equivalent to the current Deputy Minister.

1 1, main book: in charge of money, grain and household registration, equivalent to director of grain depot or director of household registration.

12, in the matter of giving alms, the emperor forbids sending troops to the government, which is equivalent to the lifelong or political secretary of the head of state.

Explanation of demo 1

Bai Shaofu lives well, and the article ranks first in the world, but the ranking is not high. First, when Liu Yuxi was a guest in Daiwa, Mrs. Li Weideyu and her company divided the East Capital. Yuxi visited Deyu and said, "Have you got Bai Juyi's anthology recently?" Deyu said, "I'm tired, but I don't want to store it." But I haven't put it on yet. I'm going to have a look for my son today. " Let's take a look. The full box is not in the dust. At the beginning, it was repeated that Yuxi said, "I haven't been with this person for a long time." His article is excellent, so why read it? But I am afraid to go back to my heart, so I don't want to see it. " The same is true of its opposition. People who wear clothes are taboo. Xian said, "A bachelor is a talent, not a servant." It is an arrangement of the times for those who know it to see that the answer system is economical, which is unknown to the Qing Dynasty, even more than Jia Yi of China Dynasty. Everyone cherishes it.

Analysis and understanding:

1, characters: Bai Juyi, Liu Yuxi, Li Deyu, Jia Yi.

2. Amount: Liu Li, Bai and Jia do side therapy.

3. Event: Liu asked Li if he had read Bai's article. Li said that he had not read it and didn't want to read it.

4. Rationality: Liu hopes to reuse Bai, and Li avoids him. Bai's experience is similar to Jia's.

Explanation of demonstration 2

Four years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xiangcheng was besieged by rebels. County magistrate Li Kan, I don't know what to do. His wife, Yang Ri, said, "Jun, the county magistrate also. Kou should guard; Lack of strength, death, and work. If you escape, who will fix it! "Kan Ri said," What if there is no military wealth? " Yue said, "If you don't keep it, the county will be taken by thieves, the granary will be full, the treasury will be rich, and the people will be soldiers. What will the country have? Take the thief's wealth and eat his food. If you reward him for death, you will help him! "

So he called the small officials and the people to the court. Yang said, "The county magistrate is sincere to the Lord; Although, when you are finished, you will leave. If it weren't for officials, the people would. Officials and people, city dwellers and graves are all hidden. Is it appropriate to die to defend its city and endure its physical damage and become a thief? " Everyone is crying. Kan led hundreds of people to take the city.

Xiangcheng, small town, no halberd crossbow, high city deep ditch solid. The thief swallowed his pride and planned to travel all over the city. He who shoots a thief with a weak bow is so handsome that he falls to his death. The thief lost power and influence, so he dispersed, and the people in Xiangcheng were safe.

Analysis and understanding:

1, characters: (foil character), wife Yang (protagonist), petty official, ordinary people (narrator required);

Background: When Xiangcheng was besieged by rebels, the county magistrate Li Kan didn't know what to do. His wife Yang stepped forward.

Event: Yang acted as (1) to discourage her husband from retiring; (2) encourage people to get up;

Results: All the traitors fled, and there was no casualty in Xiangcheng.

2. Yang's speaking art: Yang's words are true and reasonable. Thinking from the people's point of view can inspire everyone's fighting spirit.

3. Character: deep understanding of righteousness, courage and wit, and love for the country.

Strong tone

1, starting with the accumulation of words in classical Chinese;

2. Understand the characteristics of biographical texts;

3, according to the elements of reading:

(1) People (2) Things (3) Morality