First, the structural level of pine forest.
1. A pine forest belongs to the structural level of ecosystem, which refers to a unified whole formed by the interaction between biological community and inorganic environment in a certain natural area.
Ecosystem is composed of different life systems, and each life system has its own structural level, from micro to macro, which are cells, tissues, organs, individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems.
2. Pine is a plant, and the structural levels of plants are cells, tissues, organs and plants from micro to macro. Plants have no systematic hierarchy, because they are directly composed of organs, which work independently and have no coordinated system.
3. Pine forest is a population composed of many individuals. Population refers to all individuals of the same species in a natural area.
4. Pine forest also includes other plant and animal populations, and the inorganic environment that interacts with them, which together constitute a pine forest community. The pine forest community interacts with the surrounding inorganic environment such as climate, soil and water to form an ecosystem with specific functions and characteristics.
Second, the characteristics of pine forest ecosystem
1, with strong adaptability. Pine is a cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant and barren-tolerant plant, which can survive and reproduce in harsh environment.
2. Simple structure. Pine forest ecosystem usually has only two vertical levels: tree layer and herb layer. The arbor layer is mainly composed of pine trees, and the herb layer is mainly composed of moss, lichen and a small amount of herbs.
3. Low productivity. Because pine leaves are thick and hard, the photosynthesis efficiency is low, and pine needles contain a lot of volatile oil, which makes the soil acidified and barren. Therefore, the primary productivity and net primary productivity of pine forest ecosystem are low.
4. stability. Because of the simple and stable structure, the pine forest ecosystem is not easy to be disturbed and destroyed by the outside world. At the same time, pine trees also have strong resistance and resilience, and can quickly restore damaged stands.
There are many types of forest ecosystems, and these four are some common forest ecosystems.
1, temperate forest ecosystem
This forest ecosystem is distributed in temperate regions and undergoes four seasons. Trees shed their leaves in autumn and germinate in spring. Temperate forest ecosystem can be divided into coniferous forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest.
2. Tropical rain forest ecosystem
This forest ecosystem is distributed in the humid area near the equator, with hot and rainy climate, dense evergreen trees and multi-level canopy structure. Tropical rain forest ecosystem is the most diverse ecosystem on earth.
3. Mediterranean forest ecosystem
This forest ecosystem is distributed in the Mediterranean climate zone, with dry heat in summer and mild and rainy in winter. The Mediterranean forest ecosystem is mainly composed of evergreen shrubs with hard leaves. Mediterranean forest ecosystem is the habitat of many wild flowers, insects and birds.
4. Mountain forest ecosystem
This forest ecosystem is distributed in high altitude mountainous areas. With the elevation, the temperature and precipitation will change, leading to the emergence of different types of forests. Mountain forest ecosystem can be divided into mountain temperate forest, mountain subtropical forest and mountain coniferous forest.