To say that Li He's poem can be called a quatrain in the world, I think it should be "Golden Copper Immortal Ci Han Song".
original text
Maoling Liulang is a guest in the autumn wind, and I heard Ma Si's ignorance at night.
The osmanthus tree in the painting column hangs autumn fragrance, and the soil in the thirty-six palaces is green.
Wei Guan led the car thousands of miles, and the sour wind in Dongguan shot at his eyes.
Empty sent John out of the palace door, thinking of your tears like lead water.
Declining orchid to send guests to Xianyang Road, if the sky is old.
The lonely moon is bleak, and the acropolis is low.
Song of the Golden TongXian Han Fu is a poem written by Li He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, who resigned due to illness on his way from Chang 'an, the capital, to Luoyang. Poets express their feelings of rise and fall, the pain of home and country, and the sadness of life experience through the historical events in which immortals spoke to Han. The whole poem is strange and profound, touching; Vivid and varied; The writing is strange and profound, but it is appropriate and dense. This poem is full of romanticism and is one of Li He's representative works. In particular, the phrase "If there is love in the sky, it will grow old" has become a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. This sentence was quoted by Mao Zedong in his poem Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing.
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Liu Lang buried in Maoling seems to be a passer-by in the autumn wind.
I heard him scream at night and disappeared at dawn.
The osmanthus tree next to the painting column still exudes the fragrance of late autumn.
The thirty-six palaces in Chang 'an are now a moss green.
Wei officials drove the bronze man to another place thousands of miles away.
Just out of the East Gate of Chang 'an, the cold wind hit the bronze man's eyes.
Only John, who lived together day and night, accompanied Tong Ren out of the official residence.
I miss the former monarch, and the bronze man tears like lead water.
Withered bluegrass bid farewell to distant guests on the ancient road leading to Xianyang.
If heaven has feelings, it will grow old with sorrow.
Alone in Chang 'an, I am lonely in the bleak moonlight.
Seeing Chang 'an drifting away, the sound of Wei Shuibo is getting smaller and smaller.
To annotate ...
① Wei Mingdi: Cao Cao, grandson of Cao Cao. The first year of Qinglong: the old book is nine years, but Wei Qinglong is not nine years, which is obviously wrong. The first year is also inconsistent with history. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei and Ming Di, the fifth year of Wei Qinglong (237) was changed to the first year of Jingchu, and Tongren moved to Chang 'an in this year.
⑵ Palace official: refers to eunuchs. Pulling a cart: a work of "pulling a cart". It's the same as "jurisdiction" here, shaft head. This means driving. Immortal holds a dew plate: Wang Qi quotes "Three Auxiliary Huang Tu": "The Shen Mingtai built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has a dew plate on it, and a copper cactus holds a copper plate and a jade cup to bear the dew of Yun Biao, and presents it with jade scraps to become immortal."
⑶ Tears: The reflection of Shu Wei Ming Di Pei Songzhi quoted the Han, Jin, Spring and Autumn Period: "The emperor moved the plate and the plate was torn down. After hearing about it for dozens of miles, Di Chin (the bronze man) cried because he stayed in the city. "
(4) Prince Sun of Tang Dynasty: Li He was named "Prince Sun of Tang Dynasty" after the imperial clan of Tang Dynasty. Li Changji: that is, Li He, with a long word.
5. Mausoleum: The mausoleum of Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, is located in the northeast of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province. Liu Lang: It refers to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Qiu: A person who still talks about autumn sadly. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once wrote Autumn Wind, and there is a saying: "There are many joys and sorrows. When will you be young? "
[6] I heard Ma Si at night: According to legend, the soul of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went in and out of the Han Palace, and someone once heard his mount neighing at night.
Once, osmanthus trees hang autumn fragrance: August scene. Chou-heung: refers to the fragrance of osmanthus.
⑻ Thirty-six palaces: Zhang Heng's Xijing Fu: "Thirty-six palaces are separated." Soil flower: moss.
⑼ ⑻: I made a "pull". Qianli: It's a long way from Chang 'an Han An Palace to Luoyang Wei Palace.
⑽ Dongguan: The bus left the East Gate of Chang 'an, so I went to Guan Yundong. Sour wind: a wind that makes people sad and cry.
⑾ will: accompany. John: The bright moon in the Han Dynasty.
⑿ Jun: refers to the monarch of the Han family, especially the Han emperor Liu Che. Lead water: it is a metaphor for copper people crying, indicating a heavy heart.
[13] Beilan Fujian: Qiu Lan is old, so it is called Beilan. The guest refers to the bronze man. Xianyang: Qin Dou changed from Han Dynasty to Weicheng County, which is not far from Chang 'an, so it refers to Chang 'an. Xianyang Road: This refers to the road outside Chang 'an.
[14] If the sky is affectionate, it will age: it means that in the face of such changes, if the sky is affectionate, it will age because it is often sad.
⒂ Going it alone: Speaking of going it alone.
[14] Weicheng: Xianyang, Qin Dou, referring to Chang 'an. Wave sound: refers to the wave sound of Weihe River. Weicheng is on the north bank of Weihe River.
Creation background
According to Zhu Ziqing's Chronicle of Li He, this poem was written in the eighth year of Tang Yuanhe (8 13). Li He resigned due to illness and left Beijing for Romania. At that time, the poet "had mixed feelings, pretended to be wrong, and worried about the golden bronze fairy ear."
This poem was written more than 90 years after the demise of the Tang Dynasty. The reasons for the poet's feeling of prosperity and decline should be understood and appreciated in connection with the social situation and the poet's situation at that time. Since the end of Tianbao (reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, 742-756), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and the Tang Dynasty never recovered. Although Tang Xianzong is known as the "Lord of ZTE", in fact, during his reign, the rebellion in the buffer region broke out one after another, the northwest border was repeatedly hit, the land was ruined, and the people were in poverty. The aristocratic family of "the prince and grandson of the Tang Dynasty" written by the poet has long since declined. Faced with this harsh reality, the poet's mood is not calm. He is eager to establish his own political achievements, revive the national prestige, and at the same time, he must shine the lintel and restore the status of the imperial clan. I didn't expect to hit a wall everywhere after entering Beijing, and there was no hope of being an official. Unable to serve the country, I finally had to leave in anger. This poem was written against this background.
Make an appreciative comment
In the poem "Poems of Ren Xian in Jin Tong", Jin Tong Ren Xian burst into tears when he left, mainly expressing the grief of national subjugation. This poem expresses a solemn feeling that the pain of home and country and the sadness of life experience are intertwined.
The poet sometimes imitates the appearance of the bronze man from the front, and sometimes puts pen to paper from the side to describe the scenery around the bronze man and paint them with a layer of sad tones. The interactive use of the two techniques makes the opening and closing of poetry turbulent and changeable, but it always revolves around a word "sorrow", with orderly patchwork, unified tone and distinct theme. The sentence "Wei Guan" focuses on describing the object, while the sentence "Empty General" rewrites the theme, directly expressing the thoughts and feelings of Jin Tongxian at that time in the first person: driven by Wei Guan, he left the Han Palace and made a thousand-mile trip. Accompanied by "I", it is only the old moon in the sky. It happened in the Three Kingdoms period, and called the moon "the Han Moon", expressing a feeling of nostalgia for the past. As Wang Qi explained in Li Changji's Poems, "Because of the revolution, everything has changed, but the moon remains the same, so it is called" the Han Moon ". The golden bronze immortal personally felt the caress of Emperor Wu and witnessed the prosperity of that day. He misses his late master very much and has deep feelings for the Forbidden City. Now, sitting in Wei Guanla's car, I am drifting away, and the familiar and desolate palace is about to disappear. I can't help crying when I think of the past. " The phrase "tears are like lead water" in the sentence of "recalling the monarch" is a wonderful metaphor, which vividly describes the sadness of Jin Tongxian at that time-tears fell like rain and fell to the ground one after another. This expression of regretting the past and leaving is no different from that of people, and it is an expression of "humanity". The word "lead water" adapts to the identity of the bronze man and elegantly shows his "physical property". These ingenious expressions have successfully shaped a unique, peculiar and vivid artistic image of the Golden Copper Fairy, which is characterized by things and people, things and gods.
This poem is one of Li He's representative works. It is imaginative, but it is deeply touching; The image is vivid and changeable. Resentment is beyond words, but there is no glare. Words and sentences are strange and appropriate, combining rigidity with softness, hating and loving, uneven, orderly and dense. This is indeed a unique and beautiful poem. There are few similar works in Li He's collection.
Brief introduction of the author
Li He (790-816) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Changji was born in Fuchang (now Yiyang West, Henan Province). In the Tang Dynasty, when the royal family married far away, the family background had already declined, life was difficult and the official career was destroyed. Zeng Guan served Li Lang. To avoid family secrets, I was forced not to take the Jinshi exam. He became a poet in his early years, known to Han Yu and Huang Fushi, and befriended Shen Yazhi. He died at the age of 26. His poems are longer than Yuefu, and show more political dissatisfaction. He is good at casting words, galloping imagination, using myths and legends to create novel and magnificent poetic scenes, which is unique in the history of poetry. Yan Yu's Cang Lang Shi Hua is called "Li Changji Style". Some works are gloomy and the language is too elaborate. There is "Long Valley Collection".