1, Bai Juyi (772-846), the word Letian, also known as Xiangshan Jushi, also known as Mr. Zuiyin, was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi, and his great-grandfather moved to Xia 'ao when he was born in Xinzheng, Henan. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen jointly advocated the New Yuefu Movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they were called the "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu" of the world.

Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, various forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on.

1988, the Society of Chinese Culture Expo in Japan donated a stone tablet to Bai Juyi, and the inscription was written in Chinese and Japanese. 1995, four Japanese wrote "Sakura Dedication" here.

2. In the first month of the seventh year of Tang Daizong Dali (772), Bai Juyi was born in Xinzheng, Henan Province, a small and medium-sized bureaucratic family. Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in his hometown. Li Fanzhen is divided into more than ten states in Henan, and the people have suffered from war. When Bai Juyi was two years old, Ren Gongxian's grandfather died in Chang 'an, followed by his grandmother. Bai Juyi's father, Bai, was first taught by Songzhou Division (780), a magistrate in Pengcheng County, Xuzhou. A year later, Bai and Li Yan, the secretariat of Xuzhou, insisted on Xuzhou's meritorious service and were promoted to Xuzhou special driving. In order to avoid the war in Xuzhou, he sent his family to Suzhou for a peaceful life. Bai Juyi was able to spend his childhood in Suzhou R&F. Bai Juyi, on the other hand, was brilliant and studied so hard that his mouth was sore and his hands were calloused. Young, all white hair.

In 806, Bai Juyi went to school as a bookseller. In April of the same year, he was awarded the commandant of Guo County (now zhouzhi county). In 807, he served as an examiner of Jinshi and a captain of Jixian County, and was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. In 808, he was left to tidy up his body and married Yang Yuqing's sister. In 8 10, he was transferred to the household department of Jingzhao House and joined the army. In 8 1 10, his mother Chen died, leaving Ding You behind and returning to her post. In 8 14, he returned to Chang' an and awarded Prince Zuo Zanshan as a doctor.

Bai Juyi thought that he had been appreciated and promoted by the emperor who liked literature, so he hoped to repay him by doing his duty as an official. So he wrote frequently and wrote many poems reflecting social reality, hoping to make up for the current situation and even point out the emperor's mistakes in person. Bai Juyi's words were accepted, but the directness of his words made Tang Xianzong feel unhappy and complained to Li Jiang: "Bai Juyi's boy praised me to the sky, but he was rude to me. I really can't stand it. " Li Jiang thought this was Bai Juyi's loyalty, and advised Xian Zong to be open and honest.

In 8 15, prime minister Wu was assassinated, and Bai Juyi advocated that it was considered ultra vires to crack down on the murderer. Later, Bai Juyi was slandered: his mother fell into a well to see flowers and died, but Bai Juyi wrote poems about "appreciating flowers" and "new wells", which was detrimental to the famous religion. Therefore, he was demoted to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) Sima. In 8 18, Bai Juyi's younger brother Bai Xingjian went to Jiangzhou to see Bai Juyi. When Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou, Bai Xingjian also went upstream with his brother. On the way, I met Yuan Zhen in Huangniuxia. The place where the three of them swam together was called Sanyou Cave. During his tenure in Zhongzhou, Bai Juyi planted flowers on the hillside east of Zhongzhou, and named this place "Dongpo". In the winter of the same year, he was appointed as the secretariat of Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing) and took office on 8 19. In the summer of 820, he was recalled to Chang 'an and served as a foreign minister of Shangshu Division.

Although Bai Juyi's mother died looking at flowers, Bai Juyi had many poems about flowers, and according to the records of the Song Dynasty, Xinjing poems were written around the first year of Yuanhe (Xinjing poems have been lost today), which shows that this matter cannot constitute a charge. The main reason for his demotion is probably related to his writing satires and offending those in power. Jiangzhou is a turning point in Bai Juyi's life: before that, he aimed at "helping the poor" and hoped to make useful contributions to the people of the whole country; Since then, his actions have gradually turned to "solitude". Although he still cares about the people, his actions have no spark of the past. However, although Bai Juyi was frustrated in Jiangzhou, he was able to live a peaceful life on the whole. He once built a thatched cottage in the north of Lushan incense burner peak and made friends with local monks.

In the winter of 820, he was transferred to be the guest of honor, doctor. In 82 1 year, doctor Jia Chaosan began to formally wear a five-level scarlet robe (scarlet is the color of vermilion, which is used by officials above five levels). Go to Zhu Guo, and then go to Zhongshu Sheren. In 822, Bai Juyi wrote that the military in Hebei at that time was not adopted and requested to work in other places. In July, he was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou, and he took office at 65438+ 10. During his tenure, he built the West Lake levee and dredged six wells, all of which made achievements. In May of 824, he was appointed as the son of Prince Zuo Shu, divided the capital into the East, and went to Luoyang in autumn to buy a house in Luoyang. In 825, he served as Suzhou secretariat and took office in May. He left his job due to illness in 826, and then traveled to Yangzhou and Chuzhou with Liu Yuxi.

When he was in charge of the secretariat of Hangzhou, he saw that six ancient wells in Hangzhou were in disrepair for a long time, so he presided over the dredging of these six wells to solve the drinking water problem of Hangzhou people. Seeing the West Lake silting up farmland drought, we built a dam to store water for irrigation and reduce the harm caused by drought, and made the Stone Story of Qiantang River, which engraved the policies, methods and precautions of lake water management on the lake for future generations to know, which had a great influence on lake water management in Hangzhou later. Before Bai Juyi left office, he left an official salary in the state treasury as a fund for the turnover of official salaries in Hangzhou, and then made up the original value afterwards. When the fund operated to Huang Chao Rebellion, Huang Chao arrived in Hangzhou, the documents were burned and the fund disappeared.

The West Lake has Bai Causeway, and willows are planted on both sides. Later generations mistakenly thought that this was a levee built by Bai Juyi and called it Baigong Dike. In fact, this "Bai Causeway" existed before Bai Juyi came to Hangzhou. At that time, it was called "Baishadi" and it was in Bai Juyi's poems.

When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen was also transferred from the prime minister to an observer in eastern Zhejiang, which was not far from Hangzhou, so he gave them many poems. When Bai Juyi left Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen asked Bai Juyi to hand over all his works and compile them into 50 volumes of Bai Juyi's Changqing Collection.

During his tenure in Suzhou, Bai Juyi dug a road from Tiger Hill in the west to Qilishantang River in Nagato in the east, and built a road to the north of Shantang River, which is called Qilishantang or Shantang Street for short.

In 827, Bai Juyi went to Chang 'an as a secretary supervisor, fitted with a purple fish bag and put on purple court clothes (clothes worn by officials with more than three products). In 828, he was transferred to assistant minister of punishments and was stationed in Jinyang County. In the spring of 829, due to illness, he was taught by the Prince and returned to Luoyang to perform in the Taoist temple. In February 65438+830, he served as Henan Yin. 83 1 Yuan Zhen died in July. In 832, he wrote an epitaph for Yuan Zhen, Yuan Jia gave Bai Juyi 600,000 pens, and Bai Juyi gave them all to Xiangshan Temple in Luoyang. In 833, due to illness, he was exempted from Henan Yin, and later served as the Prince Guest Company. In 835, he was appointed minister of the same state and resigned from his post. Later, he was appointed as the eastern capital of the Prince Division of Shaofu, and was appointed as the marquis of Fengyi County, and stayed in Luoyang. 65438+839 10 month, got wind disease. In 84 1 year, the prince was dismissed without pay. In 842, he became an official of the minister of punishments, receiving half salary.

Bai Juyi's philosophy of "poverty and loneliness" was mostly embodied in a "leisurely life" in his later years. In 844, 73-year-old Bai Juyi funded the excavation of the stone beach around Longmen, and after the completion of the work, he wrote a poem "Two Stone Beaches in the Eighth Section of Longmen" as a souvenir, which still embodies his outlook on life of "helping the world and achieving the goal".

Bai Juyi spent most of his later years in Luoyang, singing with Liu Yuxi and often traveling in Longmen. Self-report "Chapter on the Pool" and "Biography of Mr. Drunk Sound". In 845, 74-year-old Bai Juyi still held the "seven old Meeting" in Ludi, attended by Gao Hu, Ji Jiao, Zheng Zhi, Serina Liu, Lu Zhen, Zhang and Bai Juyi. In the summer of the same year, Li Ruman, a monk from seven old, joined forces to draw a picture of Nine Old Pictures. Bai Juyi believed in Buddhism in his later years and was named a Buddhist in Xiangshan. He is a disciple of the monk Ruman.

Bai Juyi died in Luoyang on August 14th (September 8th) in the 6th year of the 5th reign of Huichang (846), at the age of 75. Thanks to the right servant of Shangshu, posthumous title was buried in Xiangshan, Luoyang. After Bai Juyi's death, Li Chen wrote a poem to mourn him. The poem said, "Who taught Ming Lu to be a poet for sixty years?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article was full of people's ears, and I was once sad. "He is the author of Bai Changqing Collection, with a total volume of 7 1.