Li Lianbiao, a tea scientist, an expert in tea cultivation and one of the pioneers in tea science research. In China, he first discovered the wild tree tea tree, which made an important contribution to the study of the origin and origin of tea tree. Achievements have been made in studying the transformation of old tea gardens, the cultivation techniques of new tea gardens, exploring the law of high yield and high quality of tea trees, and the collection, preservation, identification and utilization of tea tree variety resources. It has trained a large number of professionals for the country.

Chinese name: Li Lianbiao.

Alias: Li Zifeng

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of birth: Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province

Date of birth: 19 1 1 July 14.

Date of death:1985 65438+1October 29th.

Occupation: agronomist

Graduate school: Department of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Jinling University

Main achievements: training a large number of professionals for the country.

It is helpful for the study of the origin and origin of tea trees.

Representative works: Ten Years of Tea Science, Technical Experience of Old Tea Garden Reconstruction, and Discussion on Building Large-scale High-yield Tea Garden.

Brief introduction to life

Li Lianbiao, formerly known as Li Zifeng, was born in Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province,1July, 987191day. 19 17 ~ 1923 studied in a private school, and his six-year study has made him successful.

Proficient in ancient Chinese. 1923 was admitted to Nanjing Jinling Middle School, 1930 was admitted to the Department of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Jinling University, and 1935 graduated with a bachelor's degree.

begin

After graduating from college, I worked in Fujian Fuan Tea Improvement Farm, engaged in tea research. During the period of 1936, I went to Kaifeng workstation of Henan Central Agricultural Laboratory to engage in wheat popularization. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he moved to Chengdu, Sichuan. From 65438 to 0939, he moved to Meitan, Guizhou Province, and organized the Meitan Experimental Tea Farm of the Central Agricultural Laboratory as a technician, responsible for technical work. Since then, he began a long career in tea research.

He has always been diligent and studious. During his stay in Meitan, he worked hard during the day and often studied late into the night. 1945 was admitted to Cornell University College of Agriculture and Department of Biology of California Institute of Technology for further study, engaged in the study of the properties of enzymes in tea, and co-published a research paper on polyphenol oxidase in tea with Dr. Bernard in the American Journal of Biochemistry (1947). He is one of the few scholars who engaged in the early study of tea enzyme chemistry in China, and his research results have attracted the attention of tea academic circles.

In the early days of New China.

In the early days of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), imperialism imposed a sea blockade on me, which affected the export of tea. At that time, Li Lianbiao was engaged in tea technology research in Nanjing East China Agricultural Institute. In order to meet the needs of tea export in the former Soviet Union, he led a team to Pingshui tea area in Zhejiang.

The success of changing green tea into black tea has promoted the smooth progress of restructuring in various places and expanded the export trade of tea.

academic ideas

Li Lianbiao is rigorous in his studies, dares to stick to the truth, and often educates students not to follow suit academically, which is exactly what he did himself. During the period of 1952, some practices deviated from the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom" in the field of genetics in China. When Mendel's genetic theory was criticized, he resolutely participated in the seminar on seed selection and improved seed breeding of rice and autumn forestry agricultural plants sponsored by East China Agriculture, Forestry and Water Conservancy Bureau. As the leader of the study group, he stuck to his point of view under pressure. He didn't judge the dispute between schools rashly, nor did he agree with any authority, but argued and analyzed and judged.

make good

195 1 ~ 1958 worked as an engineer and chief of tea department in Zhejiang Tea Improvement Institute and Zhejiang Agriculture Department. At that time, the number of abandoned tea gardens in key tea-producing counties in Zhejiang Province reached 60% ~ 70%, and individual tea gardens reached 80% ~ 90%. The production base was weak and the task of technology promotion was heavy. He has expertise in learning and accumulated rich experience. He never paid attention to one aspect of production technology, but correctly implemented the principles and policies, and supported tea farmers to restore and develop tea production from the aspects of funds, materials and technology, thus making great progress in reclaiming barren tea gardens, transforming old tea gardens and developing new tea gardens. 1957, the province produced 460,000 tons of tea, 2.3 times more than 1949, which made great contributions to the rapid recovery and development of tea in Zhejiang province. Li Lianbiao always pays attention to practice. Every year, he compiles the tea technical guide, edits the teaching materials of tea training courses and gives lectures on production technology, which is well received by the frontline comrades in tea production.

contribution

Early contribution

1939, Li Lianbiao served as the director of the technical office of Meitan Experimental Tea Farm. In the year when the farm was established, the research project of "National Collection and Identification of Tea Varieties" was drawn up, and 270 local varieties were collected in 13 provinces. In the late 1950s and mid-1970s, he served as the director of the Cultivation Research Office of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and led the establishment of a large-scale tea germplasm specimen garden in Hangzhou, collecting and preserving a batch of tea germplasm resources, which provided rich materials for the research on the breeding of new tea varieties.

194 1 year in four counties in northern Guizhou (Meitan, Fenggang, Wuchuan, Dejiang) sorted out 10 local tea varieties, some of which were well received after being popularized by farmers.

From 65438 to 0979, Li Lianbiao was still in charge of the key scientific research project of the Ministry of Agriculture-the protection and utilization of tea variety resources. He always thinks that the germplasm resources of China tea varieties are a part of the world gene bank and should be preserved as much as possible for utilization. Under his guidance, the Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences jointly formed a 198 1 tea tree resource investigation team, which conducted a general survey in 60 counties in Xishuangbanna and other six regions (states) with the most concentrated tea trees in China, and collected 4 10 copies of tea tree resources, enriching the treasure house of tea tree germplasm resources in China. This project won the second prize of the Ministry of Agriculture for Technological Progress 1987. It has also been commended by the State Science and Technology Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries as "outstanding achievements in the collection of crop variety resources".

Based on the research results of 87 varieties introduced in 1983 province, he published the paper "Study on the Introduction of Different Ecotypes of Tea Plants", and concluded that as long as tea plants are introduced and domesticated across latitudes, their biological and economic characters can remain relatively stable, and some external forms are easy to change, but they can be restored. In addition, he also made an exploratory study on the germplasm characteristics of tea variety resources in China and various factors forming varieties, aiming at exploring the ecological research of tea plants in China.

Theoretical contribution

Li Lianbiao has a profound theoretical foundation in tea science, a comprehensive understanding of tea science and technology, and can grasp the development trends of tea cultivation and improved varieties breeding at home and abroad. Therefore, he put forward a number of directional research topics, such as "research on the transformation technology of old tea gardens", "planting methods and density experiments of tea trees", "research on the law and technical indicators of high yield of tea trees" and "collection, preservation and utilization of tea variety resources". More than 20 years' practice has proved that his research direction is correct, which not only promotes the development of tea production and marketing in China, but also promotes the gradual and in-depth development of tea scientific research.

According to the needs of tea production and development, in 198 1 year, he took the lead in compiling and publishing the book Tea Tree Cultivation Technology, which is simple in theory and advanced in practical technology, and is well received by readers. 65438-0984 The Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries entrusted Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to edit Tea Cultivation in China. He knows that this is a paper reflecting the scientific and technological level of tea planting in China. He creatively drafted the compilation outline and organized more than 30 scholars in scientific research, teaching and production across the country to complete it together. When he was seventy years old, although he was often tortured by illness, he still completed his writing task with tenacious perseverance and unique insights. Li Lianbiao died in Hangzhou on1October 29th. 1985+65438.

Wild tea tree

194 1 During the period, when Li Lianbiao was working in Meitan Tea Farm of Central Agricultural Laboratory, although the traffic in Guizhou was very inconvenient and life was extremely difficult at that time,

However, he was walking with his luggage on his back. While inspecting local tea varieties in Meitan, Fenggang, Wuchuan and Dejiang counties, he first discovered China's wild arbor tea tree on the rocks of Yingshan Mountain in Wuchuan County. Major Bruce, a British soldier stationed in India, announced the discovery of wild tea tree in Xinfu area of Assam Pishan, India, which triggered a dispute over the origin, which set off a climax of the debate.

Li Lian used the records of ancient documents in China for indexing. After him, tea workers and farmers in China discovered many arboreal wild tea trees in the virgin forests of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. According to the research results of plant evolutionary history, paleogeography and paleoclimate, and the original morphological, biochemical and cytological characteristics of tea tree, the root of the so-called "tea is not native to China" is further pointed out. Based on the geographical location and species distribution of Assam, India, it is demonstrated that tea trees should originate in southwest China, and it is emphasized that the wild resources of tea trees cannot be distributed from Assam, India to the upper reaches of China, thus denying the dualism and pluralism of India and other countries, and further confirming that the origin of tea trees is China.

Original opinion

Li Lianbiao is a practical expert in tea cultivation. He believes that tea science belongs to applied science and aims to serve the development of tea production. long

Since 2000, his research topic has been closely related to tea production.

In the early 1950s, the old tea garden in China was very large, which hindered the rapid increase of tea production. 1962, under his personal auspices, he sent scientific and technical personnel to establish basic points in Shengxian and Fuyang, Zhejiang, one of the key tea producing areas in China. Through investigation and study, we know that the transformation technology of the old tea garden cannot be pushed away. First, the reasons for low yield are unclear, and the technology has not been popularized and applied according to local conditions; Second, there is a contradiction between long-term interests and immediate benefits, and the masses dare not accept new technologies easily. He put forward the proposal of "overall planning and transformation in stages according to the biological characteristics of tea trees", which unified the long-term and short-term interests and promoted the transformation of old tea gardens.

Close planting of tea trees has always been a hot topic in academic discussion. On the basis of collecting and studying the planting density of major foreign tea-producing countries and investigating the production effects of different planting densities in China, Li Lianbiao personally presided over various close planting experiments of 1963, which proved the scientific law of close planting to increase yield, and put forward the concepts of planting density of number of plants, coverage and bud density and the dynamic concept of high yield of tea trees. This is an important development of the principle of close planting to increase production. Practice has proved that his arguments and technical measures are basically correct.

As for the cultivation method of "close planting and no tillage" put forward in the late 1970s, he thinks that it is actually to increase the density of tea gardens on the basis of strip planting and close planting. Compared with strip planting and close planting, this method can not only shorten the production cycle, but also realize rapid and high yield. However, after research, he thought that with the growth of tree age, the yield variation of high-density tea garden showed an asymptotic curve change, and the growth situation also tended to decline. Based on the experimental data, he is realistic and never speaks against his will. This fruitful insight has played an important guiding role in improving the level of scientific tea planting.

Performance/outstanding achievements

Li Lianbiao has always stressed that the development of tea production must adhere to the scientific research orientation. Since 1960s, he has been in charge of "Research on High-yield Comprehensive Cultivation Techniques of Tea Trees".

Until the 1980s, he also served as a key scientific research project, namely, "Study on Techniques and Laws of High-yield Cultivation of Tea Trees", and almost organized the strength of the entire laboratory, which was divided into several sub-topics to tackle key problems collaboratively. He put forward the formation characteristics of tea output; Optimum planting density range of tea garden; Optimum installation height; Main physical and chemical indexes of high-yield tea garden soil; Optimum field water capacity and irrigation technical parameters, and how to improve technical and economic benefits. It can be seen that although this big project was completed collectively, Li Lianbiao, as the organizer and moderator, gave principled and directional guidance with his profound and solid professional skills, which enabled this research to proceed smoothly.

In his later years, he paid more attention to high-yield research, and instructed graduate students to study the law of nitrogen absorption, transportation and distribution in autumn and winter by using 15N isotope tracer method, and obtained the role of autumn fertilizer and the suitable nitrogen supply period. The activity, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and absorption function of tea trees under different water conditions in tea gardens were studied. Therefore, suitable water supply conditions can promote redox enzyme reaction and carbon and nitrogen anabolism in vivo, and automatic monitoring and control of irrigation should be strengthened in the future.

Make a contribution

In 1964, 1965 and 1976, he participated in the investigation of developing new tea areas in Gansu, Tibet and Shandong successively, and with his rich theoretical knowledge and experience, he did a lot of work for the expansion and extension of new tea areas in the motherland. Northwest China and Shandong Province used to be the main distribution centers of tea in China. There are many wasteland here, but the climate is extremely cold, the rainfall is scarce and the soil is alkaline. In order to scientifically demonstrate whether the above-mentioned areas can develop tea production, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the State Ethnic Affairs Commission organized multi-professional scientists to conduct field visits. As the chief tea expert, Li Lianbiao obtained the basis for developing tea production in several areas according to the collected meteorological, soil and socio-economic data, and put forward a preliminary plan. Tea production has developed in parts of Gansu and Tibet, and the output has also increased year by year, which not only makes up for the shortage of tea demand in these areas, but also reduces the transportation cost and the burden on consumers. Li Lianbiao's efforts to create a new district have yielded fruitful results.

1976, the new area of Shandong suffered from severe freezing injury, and the severity and scope of the disaster were unprecedented since the trial planting. After hearing the news, he immediately organized forces to investigate the freezing injury of tea trees there, put forward many technical measures to strengthen the winter management of tea trees, and personally went to Rizhao, Junan, Mengyin, Jiaonan, Rongcheng, Rushan, Tai 'an, Xintai and other counties to investigate the freezing injury of tea trees, summed up the selection of topography and orientation of tea gardens, effective cold-proof measures, introduced cold-resistant varieties, and adopted cultivation technical measures to enhance the cold-resistant ability of tea trees. These have played an important role in the rescue and cultivation of tea trees in this area.

For vocational trainers

During Li Lianbiao's work in Meitan Experimental Tea Farm, when the Japanese invaders invaded China, the mountains and rivers fell by half. He knew that in order to save the fate of the country, it was necessary to improve the scientific and cultural level of the people. Therefore, he is determined to train talents for the rejuvenation of China. Educate students to "be ambitious, do great things, don't be big officials, and take service as the purpose of life". Advocating institutional culture and vocational education, he served as the first class teacher of tea in Meitan Vocational School, which was deeply loved by students and had deep feelings between teachers and students. Later, these students became the backbone of Guizhou tea industry.

Prepare to build a tea research institute.

From 65438 to 0958, the Central Ministry of Agriculture decided to establish the Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hangzhou. Li Lianbiao is one of the founders. He participated in site selection, land acquisition, capital construction, personnel training, discipline setting and discipline establishment. At the beginning of its establishment, many researchers came from all over the country and were unfamiliar with scientific research. With many years of experimental research experience, he organized discussions, symposiums, reports, visits and exchanges, and strived to improve the level of experimental research. He asked researchers not only to focus on the important technical problems existing in the current production, but also to sum up the technical experience of tea farmers and pay attention to the research of basic theories. At that time, all his colleagues regarded him as a mentor and were willing to listen to his teachings and guidance.

Consulting international students

During the period from1960 to1966, Li Lianbiao gave lectures on tea cultivation for international students and advanced students from the former Soviet Union, Nepal, Cameroon, Vietnam and other countries, and conducted internships and counseling. Many of them have become the heads of tea production or scientific research departments in these countries. In his later years, he still took pains to recruit graduate students and continued to contribute to the cultivation of high-level talents.

Li Lianbiao is a decent man with high moral character. His salary alone has to bear the living and education expenses of his wife and five children, and his family is in financial difficulties, but he never reaches out to organize subsidies. As an expert, he doesn't specialize, but lives in an old and shabby wooden bungalow. He has stomach trouble and can't eat hard food. Often a bowl of noodles or even a lunch.

During the Cultural Revolution, Li Lianbiao was physically and mentally destroyed. But he believes that the dark clouds will be swept away one day. 1982 after the implementation of the policy, he was in high spirits, worked harder regardless of his old age and illness, and was bent on getting back the lost time. During his illness, the leader told him to rest at home, but he still insisted on visiting and giving lectures in other provinces. His selfless work style is admirable.

Li Lianbiao's life is a down-to-earth and conscientious life of serving the people. By the trust and respect of the party and the people, he was elected as the representative of the third, fifth and sixth people's congresses in Zhejiang Province. People will always miss this tea expert who fought for the tea industry in China!

biographical notes

19 1 1 Yu 14 was born in Liuhe county, Jiangsu province in July.

1935 graduated from the Department of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Jinling University with a bachelor's degree.

1935 ——1936 deputy technician of Fujian Fuan tea improvement farm.

1936 ——1938 served as technical assistant of Kaifeng workstation of National Institute of Rice and Wheat Improvement.

1939 ——1945: set up the experimental tea farm in Meitan, Guizhou, the central agricultural laboratory, and served as technician, director of technical office and acting director.

1945 ——1946 studied at Cornell University College of Agriculture and California Institute of Technology.

From 65438 to 0946, he served as technical director of Central Agricultural Laboratory and part-time associate professor of Agricultural College of Central University.

1947- 1948 served as the technical director of the experimental tea farm of the Central Agricultural Experimental Research Institute in Chong 'an, Fujian.

1949 ——1951served as the technical director of East China Institute of Agricultural Sciences.

1951-1958 Engineer of Zhejiang Tea Improvement Institute, Tea Commissioner of Samos Technician, First Deputy Director of Specialty Bureau of Zhejiang Agriculture Department.

1958- 1985, researcher, director of cultivation research office, director of academic committee and consultant, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

1980 ——1985 consultant, subtropical forestry research station, Chinese Academy of Forestry.

1982 ——1985 served as the deputy director of the National Tea Variety Approval Committee.

1984 Adjunct Professor of Zhejiang Agricultural University.

1956 ——1985 used to be the vice chairman, chairman and consultant of Zhejiang Tea Society.

1964 ——1985 used to be the executive director, vice chairman and consultant of China Tea Society.

1978 ——1981was a member of the Standing Committee of the Third Association for Science and Technology in Zhejiang Province.

1979 ——1982 Member of the First Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China (PRC).

1979 ——1985 served as director, executive director and honorary director of Zhejiang Agricultural Society.

1985 65438+ died in Hangzhou on129 October.

20 1 1 On July 20th, 2008, the symposium to commemorate the birthday of Mr. Li Lianbiao100th anniversary was held in the Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Nearly 100 retired experts and in-service young and middle-aged scientific and technological personnel from Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Guizhou Tea Research Institute and Fujian Tea Research Institute, together with Mr. Li Lianbiao's children, recalled Li Lao's life and cherished the spirit of Li Lao's hard work and spare no effort to support the younger generation! The comrades attending the meeting said that they will continue to carry forward the spirit of "harmony, respect and sincerity" left by Mr. Li Lianbiao and other older generations!

Main thesis

1 Li Lianbiao. Ten years of tea science. Tea, 1959 (4).

2 Li Lianbiao. Technical experience in transforming old tea gardens. China Agricultural Sciences, 1963 (8).

3 Li Lianbiao, Wang Shenye and Meng Qingen. Sowing method and density test of tea tree. Annual Report of Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1963: 7- 14.

4 Li Lianbiao, Ge Tiejun, Chen Chuwen, et al. Study on comprehensive cultivation techniques for high yield of tea. Annual Report of Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1963.

5 Li Lianbiao, Hu Haibo. On the deep cultivation of vegetable garden. Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 1964 (1).

6 Li Lianbiao. On the construction of large-scale tea gardens with high and stable yield. Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture, Collection of Academic Papers, 1964.

7 Li Lianbiao. Overview of foreign agriculture (tea part). Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1975.

8 Li Lianbiao, Yu Fulian. Investigation report on freezing injury and anti-freezing technology in Shandong Province. Annual Report on Tea Studies of Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1976.

9 Li Lianbiao. Progress in international tea production and tea science. Trends of tea abroad, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1978 (3).

10 Li Lianbiao and other tea cultivation techniques. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1982.

Li Lianbiao, etc. Study on introduction of different ecotypes of tea trees. Annual Report on Tea Scientific Research of Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1983.

Tea cultivation in China. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1986.