1. Foot and mouth disease in cattle
In recent years, foot-and-mouth disease in cattle has become an infectious disease that is extremely harmful to cattle industry. Although it can occur all year round, the incidence of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle is high in spring. On the one hand, the climate in spring is very conducive to the spread of bovine foot-and-mouth disease virus; On the other hand, cattle raising families go abroad to buy cattle in spring, and the number of live cattle transported across regions increases. In this case, foot-and-mouth disease in cattle will form a small-scale epidemic.
A large number of blisters will appear on the lips, tongue and gums of infected cattle, accompanied by a large number of drooling. After the blister bursts, red spots will appear, and the appetite of the affected cattle will be seriously reduced, and even they will refuse to eat because of pain; There will also be blisters, rotten spots, swelling and ulcers on hooves and breasts; Affected cattle will also be accompanied by symptoms of elevated body temperature, which rises to 40℃~4 1℃.
Vaccination is the best way to prevent foot-and-mouth disease in cattle, and cattle must be vaccinated in spring. Because there are many strains of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle, it is difficult to form cross-immunity. It is best to use multivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine to form comprehensive protection. For the newly introduced cattle, the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine should be injected immediately before loading and transportation or after arriving at the site, and kept in isolation for 15-20 days, and then assembled into large groups after no problems.
2. Bovine parasitic diseases
Parasitic diseases of cattle are also very serious in spring, especially scabies, tapeworms and nematodes. Although the influence of parasites on cattle is difficult to see in a short time, it will slowly erode the health of cattle, leading to a decline in feed utilization, thus affecting the output of cattle benefits. Many cows have not been fed less, but their weight has not increased, which may be caused by parasites. After suffering from ectoparasites, cattle can have obvious symptoms such as aggregation, depilation and itching in vitro. Cattle with parasites will have symptoms such as eating dry and fat-free, dull hair color, grinding teeth and diarrhea.
To be clean and thorough, you must choose a combination of several drugs and methods. Ivermectin can be injected subcutaneously, levamisole can be taken orally, and amitraz can be used externally, which can not only eliminate internal parasites, but also external parasites, nematodes and tapeworms. During the period of deworming, the manure in the cowshed must be cleaned in time, and the cowshed must be strictly disinfected to avoid the parasites in the environment from infecting the cattle again.
3. Calf diarrhea
Calf diarrhea is also serious in spring, mostly in epidemic period, mostly in all calves. There are three main reasons for calf diarrhea. The first is dyspeptic diarrhea, where calves eat a lot of milk, and then their stomachs catch cold or other reasons lead to weakened gastrointestinal digestive function; The second is bacterial diarrhea. Calves eat unclean food with their mouths in the barn, often carrying pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, which leads to calf illness. The third is viral diarrhea, which is spread through air, drinking water, food or contact.
No matter what type of diarrhea, symptoms such as loose stool, indigestion, loss of appetite or disuse will appear. In addition, there may be symptoms such as listlessness, dehydration, and elevated body temperature. If not treated in time, sick calves will often die due to electrolyte imbalance and dehydration.
Regarding the prevention of calf diarrhea, first of all, we should do a good job in sanitation and disinfection of cowshed to reduce pathogenic bacteria in the environment; Secondly, drinking water and food must be kept clean to prevent diseases from entering the mouth; Finally, a comfortable living environment can be created for calves by properly controlling their food intake, increasing their exercise and laying a layer of straw on the cowshed.