Ansai District was the land of Baizhai in ancient times. Gao Nu County was established since Qin and Han Dynasties, Jinming County was established in Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and Ansai Fort was established in Song Dynasty. It has been more than 750 years since the county was founded in the year of Shunyou Renzi in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Ansai is located in the hinterland of the northwest inland Loess Plateau, on the edge of Ordos Basin, in the north of Shaanxi Province, just north of Yan 'an City, bordering Zhidan County in the west, Jingbian County in Yulin City in the north, Zichang County in the east, Ganquan County and Baota District in the south, and east longitude 108 5' 44 "to10926'/kloc-0.

The straight-line distance from the north to the south of the county is 92km, and the straight-line distance from the east to the west is 36km, with a total land area of 2,950km2, accounting for 8.04% of the total area of Yan 'an, of which 6,543,800 mu is cultivated land, 95% of which belongs to mountainous areas. The county has jurisdiction over 7 towns and 5 townships, 1 sub-district office, 21village committee and1kloc-0/8 villagers' groups, with a total population of164,400, including agricultural population/kloc-0. The population density is 55 people/km2.

administrative division

Ansai County governs 7 towns and 5 townships: Zhenwudong Town, Zhuanyaowan Town, Yanhewan Town, Zhaoan Town, Huaziping Town, Pingqiao Town, Jianhua Town, Gao Qiao Township, Louping Township, Wang Yao Township, Lianfuwan Township and Wangjiawan Township.

Ansai population

Total population164.4 million, of which agricultural population128.9 million. The population density is 55 people/km2.

According to the data of the fifth census, the total population of the county is 16077 1, of which the population of each township (person):

Brick Yaowan Town 5766 Yanhewan Town 15245 Zhao 'an Town 12598 Zhenwudong Town 134 18 Huaziping Town 12 190 Pingqiao Town12055. 5438+0525 Tanjiaying Township 6883 Lianfuwan Township 8755 Haojiaping Township 1 1805 Wangjiawan Township 6000 Zhenwu East Street 25 178.

Racial status

According to 1982 census, the population of the county is 12 1597, including Han 12 1585, Hui 4, Mongolian 1 person and Manchu 7. Except for the Hui nationality, the residents of ethnic minorities in this county still maintain their own beliefs and customs, and the living habits of other ethnic minorities are basically the same as those of the Han nationality, and they also intermarry with the Han nationality.

topography

Ansai has complex and diverse landforms, criss-crossing gullies, long and narrow rivers and numerous ridges and headlands. From south to north, Ansai is characterized by ridges, headlands, collapses, bays, plains and rivers, with high mountains, steep slopes and deep ditches. There are 4 rivers in the county with gully density of 47,000 /km2. The highest altitude 173 1. 1m (Gaomaoshan, Lianfuwan Township), the lowest altitude10/2m (Luojiagou, Yanhewan Town), and the average altitude13712m. ..

County elevation 106 1 m. Except Wangjiawan Township, which is high in the south and low in the north, the terrain is inclined from northwest to southeast. There are mainly Gaomao Mountain, Masayuki Mountain, Baizhu Mountain, Tianze Mountain, Yuhuangmiao Mountain and Shenling Mountain.

Climatic characteristics

Ansai's climate belongs to the mid-temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate, with different seasons and distinct dry and wet seasons. In spring, the climate warms up quickly, with heavy wind and sand, less rainfall, frost and spring drought; Warm in summer, drought, rainstorm, hail and gust in summer; Autumn is cool, the temperature drops rapidly, and there is frost; Winter is cold and dry. There are three major water systems in the territory: Yanhe River, Dali River and Qingjian River. The main rivers are Yanhe River, Xing Zi River, Xichuan River, Xiaochuan River, Xiaogou River and Shuangyang River.

Total water resources155.72 million cubic meters, 947 cubic meters per capita. The annual average temperature is 8.8℃ (extreme maximum temperature is 36.8℃, extreme minimum temperature is -23.6℃), the annual average precipitation is 505.3 mm (maximum 645 mm, minimum 296.6 mm), the annual sunshine hours are 2395.6 hours, the sunshine percentage is 54%, and the frost-free period is 157 days. The main natural disasters are: drought, strong wind, hail, frost and so on. Especially the drought.

natural resource

Ansai county has poor natural conditions, but relatively rich resources.

The first is land resources. The per capita land area is 29.5 mu, with various types, deep soil layer, abundant sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night, which is suitable for the comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. Mainly produces corn, millet, buckwheat, beans and other miscellaneous grains, with an annual output of about 30,000 tons.

The second is oil and gas resources. Ansai Oilfield was discovered in 1983, with proven oil reserves of1400,000 tons and oil layers all over the country. This is a large low permeability oil field. Natural gas reserves are also considerable and are currently in the initial development stage.

The third is humanistic tourism resources. Ansai is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. There are many castles and four passes in the territory. The famous ones are Wang Yao Qin Zhi Road, Fangjiahe Yangshao Cultural Site, Yunpin Temple Northern Wei Grottoes, Long 'an Ancient City, Luziguan and Gao Qiao Village. Ansai was once a part of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region and had a glorious revolutionary history. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, more than 20 central directly under the authority were located in Ansai, which was an important rear base of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Mao Zedong once lived in Wangjiawan for 58 days, commanded the three major battles of Qinghuabian, Panlong and Yangmahe, and published two brilliant works, namely, Operational Guidelines for the Northwest Battlefield and Surrounding Chiang Kai-shek by the Whole People. Ansai is also the birthplace of "serving the people". Zhang Side gave his young life while burning charcoal in Shixiayu, Louping Township, our county. -,Xian-lin Zeng,, and others attended Yan 'an Conservation Primary School in the southern suburbs of the county. Ansai is one of the most concentrated and complete areas to preserve and inherit the ancient culture of China. Folk art represented by Ansai waist drum, paper-cutting and peasant painting has a long history and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Ansai waist drum is rough and bold, with great momentum. He has participated in the opening ceremony of the 11th Asian Games, the celebration of Hong Kong's return to the motherland, the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the anniversary celebration and other major national, provincial and municipal events, and has been widely praised as "the first drum in the East" and "the king of drums in China". Ansai paper-cutting and peasant painting are favored by people because of their simple artistic style, and they are known as "living fossils" of art. Folk songs, suona, clay sculptures and other unique styles have been awarded "Hometown of Folk Painting", "Hometown of Paper-cutting" and "Hometown of Waist Drum" by Shaanxi Ministry of Culture, and named "Hometown of Folk Songs".

social development

Since the reform and opening up, especially since the Tenth Five-Year Plan, Ansai County has made great progress in economy and society by relying on the advantages of resources, seizing the opportunity of developing the western region and vigorously implementing the development strategy of "strengthening the county with oil and enriching the people with industry". In 2005, the county's gross domestic product reached 65.438+36.6 billion yuan, and its total fiscal revenue reached 799 million yuan, including 362 million yuan of local fiscal revenue, with an average annual increase of 654.38+0.654 38+0%, 36.54% and 25.38% respectively compared with the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. The per capita net income of farmers was 2,399 yuan, a net increase of 693 yuan over the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.

The characteristic industries in rural areas, mainly shed cultivation, grass and livestock, forest and fruit, have a strong development momentum, and the rural economy has shown a good development trend of structural optimization, enhanced vitality and improved efficiency. In five years, new greenhouses were built16,785, and the planting area of greenhouses grew to 32,600 (including 22,600 greenhouses), and the average income of greenhouses reached more than 6,000 yuan. An eco-agricultural demonstration park integrating new varieties, new technology introduction and demonstration, technical training, factory seedling raising and eco-tourism has been built. Newly built 90,000 mu of economic fruit trees, with a total of 232,000 mu, including apples/kloc-0.33 million mu, which was identified as the base county of high-quality apples in the province by the Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department; The artificial grass planting area reached 256,000 mu, and more than 3,000 farmers were developed. The cumulative area of returning farmland to forests is 1 103600 mu, and the forest and grass coverage rate has increased from the past 18% to 30.6%. Soil erosion modulus dropped from 1999 to 8,000 tons/km2. The per capita basic farmland of farmers reached 1.7 mu.

New progress has been made in urban development and rural infrastructure construction. The development and construction projects in Chengbei District were launched in an all-round way, the ring road was built, and the reconstruction of pedestrian street, natural gas transmission and distribution, water pipe network reconstruction, garbage dump construction and other projects were implemented. The service function of the city is improving day by day, and the grade is improving in an all-round way. Yanjing Expressway runs through the north and south. After that, seven tertiary oil roads, including Wang Lian, An Zi and Zaojia, were built, covering an area of 89.55 kilometers, and 270 kilometers of gravel roads were built and rebuilt, with the mileage of roads increased by 303 kilometers in five years. The total mileage of highways in the county has reached 2203 kilometers, achieving the goal of connecting oil roads in towns and villages, and has been identified as a national rural highway construction demonstration county by the Ministry of Communications. Rural tap water penetration rate reached 74%, electricity penetration rate reached 99%, mobile communication covered the whole county, and village telephone penetration rate reached 9 1.6%. The petroleum industry is developing rapidly. Major breakthroughs have been made in the exploration, development and transformation of old wells. In 2005, the output of crude oil reached 533,000 tons, a net increase of 223,000 tons compared with the end of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, and the output value reached 65.438+06.5438+400 million yuan. The income provided by the oil industry accounts for 93% of the fiscal revenue. All social undertakings have made overall progress.

With the rapid development of education, the consolidation and improvement of the "two basics" passed the re-examination and acceptance of the whole province. Cultural exchanges with foreign countries have become more frequent, and four cultural brands, waist drum, paper-cutting, peasant painting and folk songs, have begun to move towards marketization and industrialization. Ansai was rated as an advanced county in science and technology, culture, sports and rural primary health care, a provincial "double support" demonstration county, a provincial civilized county and a health county.

Ansai waist drum Ansai culture

Ansai-the hometown of folk paintings, folk paper-cuts, waist drums and folk songs on the loess high slope.

Ansai has been a frontier fortress since ancient times and is known as the "throat of the upper county". During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were as many as forty or fifty beacon towers in Ansai County. In Song Dynasty, Ansai was the battlefield of fierce competition between Song Dynasty and Xixia, with numerous fortresses and frequent wars. In the long-term historical changes, Ansai has always been an exchange zone between farming culture in the Central Plains and nomadic culture in the west. The mutual integration of different national cultures has gradually formed cultural characteristics with both Han characteristics and other national characteristics in the Western Region. After the Ming Dynasty, the long-term closed and semi-closed state made the ancient national cultural traditions lost in other areas preserved in Ansai, becoming one of the best preserved areas in the Loess Plateau in northwest China, with the most concentrated and representative folk art, and gradually cultivated four wonderful works of folk art-waist drum, paper-cutting, folk painting and folk songs.

Waist Drum: Male Dance on Yellow Land

Ansai waist drum originated from war and sacrifice, and later evolved into folk entertainment, which has a history of thousands of years. Fan Chengda, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in a poem that "the waist drum is surrounded by spring thunder and Liangzhou is full of flowers", which fully proved the prevalence of waist drum in the northwest at that time. Ansai County Cultural Center displays the Song Dynasty waist drum portrait brick unearthed in northern Shaanxi. The figures on the brick play the waist drum, and their movements are natural and vivid, which proves that the history of playing the waist drum in northern Shaanxi, including Ansai, has a long history. In Ansai rural area, almost everyone can play waist drum, from ancient old people to dolls of six or seven years old. According to the staff of Ansai County Cultural Center, the modern development of Ansai waist drum began in Yan 'an period. From 65438 to 0942, the New Yangko Movement in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region vigorously developed Ansai waist drum, and the literary and art workers in the border region excavated and arranged Ansai waist drum, which truly inherited and developed this ancient folk art form in northern Shaanxi. Ansai waist drum went to the whole country, but it was after the reform and opening up.

From 65438 to 0984, the film Yellow Land directed by Chen Kaige and filmed by Zhang Yimou entered the still relatively closed Ansai. They want to find a kind of folk dance that conforms to the yellow land and is full of life power here. They chose the waist drum. On the day of shooting, under the clear sky, 50 lean men from northern Shaanxi/KLOC-0, dressed in black coats and trousers, with white sheep belly towels on their heads and red cloth belts around their waists, danced in unison with the help of thick loess and cowhide drums on their feet. They move forward, backward, kick, turn around, stretch and prance like nobody's business, brave as a tiger, roll like a dragon, blow out like a dragon and fly like a dragon. The crew were shocked and intoxicated. When shooting the last shot, when the drummer rushed up from behind the hillside, he saw the yellow dust rolling and people were in a trance. Deafening drums mingled with the roar of 65,438+050 people, like the roar of the Yellow River and Ma Benteng. The people present applauded warmly and were almost crazy with excitement. From then on, Ansai waist drum played the yellow land out of control: 1986, Ansai waist drum won the highest prize in the first national folk music and dance competition; 1989, Taiwan Province filmmaker Ling Feng included the unrestrained Ansai waist drum in his feature film "Eight Thousand Miles of Clouds and the Moon" as the opening shot; 1990, Ansai's waist drum knocked into Beijing, the capital, and shined brilliantly in the 11th Asian Games. 1997 and 1999, Ansai Waist Drum participated in major events such as the return of Hong Kong, the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the National Day, and the Asia-Pacific Activity Week held in Berlin, Germany. At present, there are four waist drum associations 14 in Ansai county, with more than 600 backbone waist drum players 1600.

If the melodious and high-pitched Xintianyou is a melancholy poem on the Loess Plateau, then Ansai waist drum is the cry and surge of tenacious life in this land. This is a folk dance and a profound cultural phenomenon.

Folk paper-cutting and painting: Shandandan blooms brilliantly.

Ansai paper-cutting and folk painting are two other wonderful flowers of Ansai folk art. Compared with the waist drum of Hanshan Mountain, Ansai paper-cutting and folk painting bred in the unique historical and regional environment have a different kind of beauty: they have a rough and bold folk art tradition, and they are full of fresh and strong modern life breath, which makes the viewers marvel.

Ansai, located in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, is one of the birthplaces of the Yellow River culture. Ansai people have lived in the conditions of high mountains and deep valleys, criss-crossing ravines and relatively monotonous and harsh natural environment for generations. The tempering of survival and the remoteness of ideals have aroused the strong tension of their life noumenon and spiritual world, so the folk art creation here is often simple and bold in composition, bold and strong in color, clear and exaggerated in modeling and imaginative.

Most of the folk artists in Ansai are women. This is because the division of labor in farming society makes most women leave their lifelong pursuit at home, so their spiritual world finds sustenance in paper-cutting and painting. In Ansai rural areas, more than 95/% of women can cut paper. As a local folk song says: a girl is born skillfully, and pomegranate peony is hinged (cut) at will. It means that whether a woman is smart or not depends on whether she cuts the window grilles well. Ansai's paper-cutting art is just like Shandandan flowers on the Loess Plateau, which is simple and beautiful and has a strong personality. Ansai paper-cutting has no historical records, and it was taught by the female elders at home. Girls have been taught paper-cutting by their mothers or grandmothers since childhood, so many families have kept ancient patterns made of cigarettes. The tradition passed down from generation to generation, mutual communication and continuous improvement have made the artistic level of Ansai paper-cutting reach a perfect level.

Over the years, the use of Ansai paper-cutting can be roughly divided into four types: beautifying the environment. In Ansai rural areas, beautiful window grilles can be seen everywhere in the cave houses and houses. Especially in the Spring Festival, it is a good opportunity for women to show their talents and compete with each other. The contents are mostly cows, horses, pigs, sheep, tigers and lions representing peace and good luck. Decorate a new house when you get married. Window grilles are essential at this time, so pay the most attention. Works often have the meaning of combining yin and yang and reproducing offspring. Decorations for religious ceremonies, such as door curtains and door gods on shrines; Used as the shading of embroidery and sewing toys, there are pillow patterns, shoe patterns, belly patterns and so on.

Ansai's paper-cut has a strong personality and few copies. Because in the local area, paper-cutting is an art that people appreciate themselves. Women use paper-cutting to express their feelings and beautify their living environment. They can cut it as they want, without any restrictions or constraints. The creation is quite similar to a local folk song, emphasizing "follow your heart". Therefore, the work is vivid, sincere and meaningful, and there is no stereotype, which makes anyone who knows or loves art fall in love with it a little.

Ansai's folk painting appeared in the late 1970s, which was developed on the basis of absorbing the essence of paper-cutting, embroidery, cloth play and other art forms, with distinct traces of paper-cutting. The main authors of Ansai folk paintings are also women, especially elderly women. However, their chic brushwork, beautiful and smooth lines, strong and bright colors, ingenious and bold composition and romantic and aesthetic artistic conception simply make people believe that most of the authors are illiterate rural women.

Ansai folk painting is deeply rooted in the soil of life. They often take grazing, farming, fire fighting, harvest scenes, livestock, ghosts and gods and the zodiac as their creative themes. Their ideas are based on emotion, meaning and God. They skillfully combine the beauty of life with the beauty of ideal, bold, romantic, concise, exaggerated, abstract, unrestrained and even whimsical. Although these paintings don't pay attention to scale, they don't use any principles, but they just make people feel so beautiful, so pure, so vivid and so shocking, as if animals, plants and characters on the screen can come to life immediately after jumping off the white paper!

Ansai folk songs: walking in the sky

Ansai folk songs, also known as "acid songs", are songs written and sung by ordinary people who have lived in this land for generations. Generally, singers improvise, and then constantly process them in the process of singing, becoming an out-and-out folk song. Ansai folk songs have strong regional characteristics and earthy flavor, with a wide range of singing themes, diverse forms and beautiful melodies. Because songs are mostly improvised and closely related to life, they are easy to understand and can be sung for a long time. This time in Ansai, I personally listened to He Yutang, an Ansai folk singer named "the king of folk songs" by the Ministry of Culture, especially his oratorios, which were as refreshing and unforgettable as the breeze in Shan Ye. Over the years, Ansai's folk singers have participated in large-scale evening performances of CCTV and other units for many times, singing for more than 70 film and television dramas. As one of the outstanding representatives, He Yutang, the "king of folk songs", boarded the stage of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on 200 1 and sang a song "Yellow River Boatman Song" in front of the party, the country and tens of thousands of audiences. His pure and transparent high notes and melodious singing attracted a flood of applause. Nowadays, the younger generation of Ansai folk singers, Wang Erni and Li Tao, have inherited the tradition of their predecessors and made innovations. It was also in 200 1 that the first national peasant folk song competition held in Beijing won the first prize and the second prize respectively.

Excellent folk art resources promote cultural tourism industry.

In Ansai, a seemingly barren but endless land, folk art wonders such as waist drum, paper-cutting, painting and folk songs, such as Shandandan flower with strong vitality, are simple, enthusiastic and tenacious. Then, can such rich and splendid folk cultural resources be developed and transformed into cultural tourism products to form a cultural tourism industry with rich social and economic benefits? It is understood that since the reform and opening up, Ansai folk artists have participated in many domestic art exhibitions, and Li Xiufang and others have performed paper-cutting skills in France, the Philippines, Austria and other countries, which has amazed foreign audiences. From 65438 to 0982, Cao Dianxiang, an old lady with the reputation of "the first scissors in northern Shaanxi", participated in the French independent salon art exhibition held in Paris, and was appraised as "Picasso style" by people who were shocked by the French art world.

hygiene

There are 20 health units in Ansai county, including 6 at county level, 4 in central hospitals and 10 in township hospitals. There are 226 beds and 4 13 health technicians, including 3 chief physicians, 3 deputy chief physicians 1 1 person, 3 attending physicians (including supervisors) 103, and 3 medical technicians 12 1 person. There are 204 village committees 187 village clinics in the county, and there are 202 rural doctors, of whom 196 have obtained technical secondary school level certificates.

In recent years, especially since 1998, Ansai County Party Committee and County 0 have fully implemented the spirit of the Decision on Health Reform and Development of the Central the State Council and the Implementation Opinions of the Provincial Party Committee and Province, and put health work into one of the six strategic priorities of the county, giving key support and key investment. /kloc-since 0/998, the long-term target responsibility system, the appointment system of health technicians and the reform of the salary structure system of health technicians have been comprehensively implemented in the county health system, and the "three styles" of hospital style, medical style and nursing (technical) style have been vigorously rectified, and a competitive, incentive, restrictive and dynamic health management operation mechanism has been initially established; 1998 and 1999, the infrastructure construction of county and township health units was comprehensively strengthened, with a total of 2 1 building, a construction area of110,000 square meters, a maintenance and renovation area of 20,000 square meters and a total investment of10.5 million. Fully implement the strategy of promoting medicine through science and technology. Since 1998, 95 professionals have been sent to higher-level general hospitals and medical colleges for further study, and 5 provincial and municipal medical experts have been hired to come to our county for consultation and guidance for many years. The county held training courses 12, with more than 380 trainees, and more than 95% of health technicians reached the "three basics" standard; County hospitals are equipped with more than 30 sets of large and medium-sized equipment (pieces) such as 500mX X-ray machine, color Doppler ultrasound, gastroscope, automatic biochemical analyzer, ECG monitor and imported ambulance. The newly developed modern extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation, myofascial suspension of congenital ptosis, artificial femoral head replacement and portal hypertension devascularization have all been successful. The central health center is equipped with "new three pieces", which can carry out biochemical examination and lower abdominal surgery; Township hospitals are equipped with B-ultrasound, X-ray machines and electrocardiogram machines. County epidemic prevention stations mainly focus on rural prevention, and the vaccination rate of 12-month-old children is consolidated at over 90%. All kinds of infectious diseases have been effectively controlled. Focusing on the management of maternal and child health care, the county women's hospital has successively purchased medical equipment such as breast diagnosis and treatment instrument and microwave therapeutic instrument to strengthen its business construction. At the same time, increase the creation of baby-friendly counties. All county hospitals and 14 township hospitals have built "baby-friendly medical (health) hospitals", and the management rates of pregnant women and infants have reached 86.7% and 70.4% respectively. The prevention and control of endemic diseases has passed the acceptance of provinces and cities, and basically reached the control index.

1999, in 2000, our county was rated as "the first place in the comprehensive evaluation of the target responsibility of health work in the city" for two consecutive years; County hospital was awarded "civilized window demonstration unit" by the provincial health department; Zhuanyaowan and Zhaoan Central Health Center were rated as the best units in the province's health system by the Provincial Health Department. In 200 1 year, our county took the lead in building a provincial-level health county in the city, and a number of advanced workers with national, provincial and municipal qualifications emerged.

202 1, 1, Xiaokang Magazine published 202 1 China Top 100 Spring Leisure Counties and Cities List, Ansai District ranked 18.

In June 2020, Ansai District was included in the list of the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red 25 th Army)).

2019165438+1October 12 The Ministry of Water Resources announced the second batch of counties (districts) that reached the standard for the construction of water-saving society, and Ansai District was on the list.

From 2065438 to March 2009, Ansai District was included in the list of the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Shaanxi-Gansu area).

201February 16, Ansai district was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 15.