The word perfume comes from the Latin word per fumum, which means to penetrate smoke. The perfume mentioned in the Old Testament usually refers to the formation of a spice, which is consistent with the Latin definition. Egyptian history shows that essence and ointment are used in bathing and after bathing. They are usually kept in exquisite containers, which are found in the tombs of ancient Egypt. In the Middle East and other parts of the Far East, as well as China, people have long learned to use the fragrance of spices to realize the pursuit of beauty. In BC 1500, the use of perfume became more and more common. Cleopatra often bathes with 15 kinds of perfume and sesame oil, and even soaks the sails with perfume. The ancient Romans liked to spray perfume everywhere, on horses and even in the mortar for building walls. In ancient Egypt, it was illegal not to wear perfume in public places. After the death of the ancient Egyptians, the corpse was wrapped with spices to make it last forever (mummified). Ancient Greek women also put perfume on religious ceremonies. Some people think that Persians discovered how to extract the essence from flowers by distillation; The Arabs created religious ceremonies using perfume. It is their use of exotic spices that laid their important position in the perfume development industry in the next few centuries. Asians have a great influence on the development of perfume use. They think that perfume can not only make people more beautiful, but also make people live longer. Later, with the decline of the Roman Empire, the development of perfume was divided into two different fields. On the one hand, German priests invented distillation technology; On the other hand, the perfume kingdom-a unique perfume introduced by France from the East, explores its aromatic characteristics. As a result, European perfume technology began to enter a prosperous period.

/kloc-the first batch of modern perfumes was born in the 0/4th century. It is a mixture of essence and alcohol, and was developed at the request of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary.

From15th century to the end of19th century, Italians widely used perfume. /kloc-In the 6th century, there was a strong smell of animal fat, which soon spread to France, Britain and other European countries.

1709, Italian Johann Maria Farina made a magical liquid with a strange smell in Cologne, Germany, which was called "Cologne". When Catherine de medici married Henry II of France, she came to France with her perfumer and opened her first perfume shop. French people who love clothes and cosmetics show unusual enthusiasm for perfume and are eager for it. Louis XIV was addicted to perfume and became "the emperor who loved perfume". He even called on his subjects to wear different perfumes every day. In the period of Louis XV, Madame Pompadou and Madame du Barry had a special liking for perfume just like clothing, and they did the same thing from top to bottom in the palace. Therefore, everyone's ornaments and clothing, and even the whole court, were full of fragrance, and they were called "the palace of perfume", and the whole Paris became the "perfume capital". Marie Antoinette, the queen of Louis XVI, especially likes a perfume with viola and roses as the main raw materials. At this time, the trend of perfume bathing was once again set off, and the luxury that had never been seen since Roman times was restored. At that time, perfume was considered to have the functions of relieving fatigue, relaxing nerves and treating diseases. At that time, people sprinkled perfume on handkerchiefs and carried it with them to make the whole body smell fragrant. Later, because Marie Antoinette was hanged during the French Revolution, she was named "The Essence of Hanging". Another perfume fan is Napoleon. During the election campaign, he used 65,438+02 kilograms of perfume ("fagonard") every day. When he was exiled to the island, he made mint perfume, called eau de toilette, which became a model of perfume in the future. Queen Josephine has a special liking for musk, so that she left the good name of "Musk Queen".

With the development of perfume industry, flower planting has become an important industry in the south of France18th century and continues to this day. With the development of perfume industry and the increasing particularity of perfume, the demand for basic perfume increases. Therefore, flowers, fruits, trees and anti-volatile agents used to make perfumes are produced all over the world.

/kloc-Since the second half of the 9th century, volatile solvents have replaced the early distillation method, especially the birth of French synthetic perfume. Perfume is no longer limited to a single natural fragrance, and the perfume family has also grown rapidly, laying the foundation for modern perfume industry.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Europe was permeated with an atmosphere of freedom and independence. After the First World War, people were liberated from the Victorian era, and perfume just reflected the brand-new atmosphere of freedom at that time. At that time, because of the war, the female population was nearly 2 million more than the male population. /kloc-women in the 1920s were romantic models, and they chose the floral fragrance with feminine charm from a limited choice to show their charm. With the evolution of the times, women have broadened their social horizons, so the fragrance of perfume is less rich and sweet, mixed with the warm and quaint fragrance of dried moss. In the 1920s, women's clothing, perfume and image all changed from classical to modern. All this is attributed to the French fashion master Chanel, who created the world's first perfume containing acetaldehyde-chanel no.5. This classic perfume has a refreshing and elegant fragrance, which embodies the self-reliance and rational spirit of women in the new era and makes women wearing professional clothes solemn and charming. Another perfume, ar Peng, contains acetaldehyde and brings together more than 60 kinds of flowers, fruits and woody plants. Its fragrance is elegant, fresh and refined, which makes people fondle it. With the expansion of women's social activities, women began to use different perfumes on different occasions. Guerlain, a famous French cosmetics company, launched the first oriental perfume, which showed unrestrained passion and mature charm. Since then, perfumes with oriental spices and exotic scents of oriental plants have been deeply loved by women.

World War II in the 1940s obviously affected the production of perfume. French India, East India and perfume suppliers stopped production because of the war, which stimulated businessmen to make their own perfumes. The war also dragged women into nightmares. American women rushed to buy perfume for their relatives who went to the front line, hoping that the fragrance in the letter ahead would give them a sense of existence. After the war, the perfume industry developed rapidly, and flowers gave deep comfort to people who suffered from the war. Nina Ricci's perfume "Fly with me" seems to give people a bunch of flowers picked in the morning dew. 1947, the French master Dior launched his masterpiece "New Look" and his perfume "Miss Dior". The dress known as the "new look" is as charming as a flower, and the fragrance of "Miss Dior" is gentle and elegant, which really makes women reappear after the war.

In 1950s, Estee Lauder combined with the culture at that time, which brought great influence to perfume. 1952, Estee Lauder Company launched Youth Dew, which is a perfume with floral and fruity fragrance and full of youthful flavor, making people feel relaxed and casual, thus breaking the convention of using perfume only on grand occasions.

In the 1960 s, young people regarded perfume as fashion, and youth rebelled and abandoned tradition to become fashion. Perfume also began to pursue avant-garde style, and colorful schools appeared.

In 1970s, with the upsurge of feminist movement, women began to take off their skirts, put on pants and spray men's eau de toilette. Sauvage perfume full of cool citrus flavor is most favored by fashionable women. Catering to the social trend of thought, Diorelle of Dior Company and Cristalle of Chanel Company came out one after another, which brought new feelings to women. Chloe, Oscar and Neuer, who show women's elegant style, are also very popular. In this era, the masterpiece of perfume is Yves Saint Laurent's opium, which exudes attractive oriental fragrance and its name is shocking. The white linen introduced by Estee Lauder 1978 has added jasmine, rose, lily of the valley, citrus and other spices to become a noble and hearty perfume, reminding people that perfume can also be used for daily use, not for special occasions.

80' s is an era of tradition returning and nostalgia, and also an era of perfume innovation. The wisdom, wealth and talent of yuppies make perfume a symbol of showing off their status. People admire the luxurious style of perfume. Poisonous perfume is filled with rich fragrance, attracting countless successful women. Women's perfume is as fragrant as flowers, while men's perfume is no longer limited to fresh eau de toilette. The Polo by the famous American clothing teacher Rauph Lauren, from the packaging to the masculine fragrance, makes people feel strong and energetic. At this time, perfumes are often of two fragrance brands, one for men and the other for women. The design of perfume in 1980s seems to be exploring the philosophy of life. Calvin Klein, a famous American clothing teacher, introduced the perfume trilogy: obsession, eternity and escape, as if he were stating his views on life with fragrance, from addiction to complete consciousness. 1985 Estee Lauder introduces beauty, and points out that the choice of perfume is very personal. The function of wearing perfume is to share your personal feelings and charm with people around you. Three years later, Estee Lauder once again launched a bosom friend, and the rich fragrance made it impossible to ignore the existence of the perfumer.

Regarding the trend of perfume in the 1990s, Jacques Cavallier, a famous French perfumer, said, "In the 1980s, strong perfume was the world, but now, women are tired of pungent fragrance, because they don't think strong fragrance is needed to attract others' attention, so they choose perfume that can spark new sparks with them. "Women like the comfort and temptation brought by perfume, and even let it induce her to think of a certain feeling. Women like to smell the confusing fragrance of men's perfume, while men are the opposite. Neutral perfume can satisfy their curiosity and desire for heterosexual perfume. Common perfume for men and women is the concept of fashion perfume in the 1990s. COMME des GARCONS eau de toilette, CK one eau de toilette, Paco Rabanne eau de toilette, Bvlgari eau de toilette, green tea perfume, etc. , are the products of the new era of neutral perfume. Fashion designer Rei Kawakubo explained that the sex perfume COMME des GARCONS is designed for everyone, and whether you are a man or a woman, you are the most important. Paco introduced by Paco Rabanne is fresh and refined, elegant and pleasant. Its cold exterior packaging design also has a sense of the future, catering to a new generation of consumers in the 1990s. Bvlgari's green tea perfume is inspired by tea art and tea culture, because tea and tea art have always represented an interest in life, and relaxing and meditating with tea is a happy and carefree experience. This perfume is specially designed for men and women who advocate natural simplicity, carefree and know the art of life. Needless to say, Calvin Klein's "CK 1" has achieved great success in the world, which reflects the current world climate, that is, everyone keeps true to himself, but at the same time knows how to share everything with others.