He is a Jinshi in Xining, Song Shenzong. He has always been the master book, writer and historian of Linhuai. At the beginning of Zhezong Shaoshengri, he met Runzhou with Zhilongge. At the beginning of Song Huizong, he was called Taichang Shao Qing. One of the four bachelor's degrees in Sumen. Among the "Four Bachelor of Su Men" (Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei and Chao), the writer who died the latest and was deeply influenced by Tang Yin. On poetry, Bai Juyi and Zhang Ji are simple and comfortable, not polished, but often sloppy; Its words are rarely circulated, its language is fragrant and graceful, and its style is similar to that of Liu Yong and Qin Guan. His representative works include Youth Journey and Romantic Teenager. "Journey to Youth" is about the feelings of boudoir, and the modality of shy girls is vivid on the paper, which makes people envy and feel distressed. That kind of warmth is really a bit "too strong to melt away". He is the author of Keshan Collection and Wanqiu Collection. There are poems of Keshan and Zhao Wanli. Later, he was accused of being a member of the Yuan You Party, was demoted several times, and lived in Chen Zhou in his later years.
The life of the character
Zhang Lei was originally from Qiaoxian County, Bozhou City (now Bozhou, Anhui Province), and later moved to Chuzhou (now Chuzhou District, Huai 'an City). Ma Duanlin wrote "A General Examination of Literature" as "a native of Qiaoxian County", and Qin Shaoyou recorded in "Book of Jin Xian Hou Tu" that "Zhang Wenqian and Yu Yu in Du Qiao County thought otherwise ...", he wrote in "The Wise Pavilion".
It is said that "to Huainan people, they are strong since childhood, used to Huai, and enjoy it." . Grandfather worked in Fujian, and after his father was a scholar, he traveled around the world, from officials to judges in Sandusi. Because of his age, he begged to leave Beijing to be the magistrate of Wujiang. Sister Li Wenan. Grandfather Li Zongyi first took Zuo Lang as the magistrate of Qiao County, and successively became an official, minister and foreign minister. He knew everything about military affairs, and was famous for his poems. He was good at writing poems and was deeply appreciated by the great poet Yan Shu at that time. It was in such a family that Zhang Lei was influenced by orthodox feudal poems and received official education in Yang Shan. When he was a teenager, he showed inspiration for writing. "It's easy to write at the age of ten" (a letter to a bosom friend), and at the age of seventeen, I wrote a letter to Guan Fu, telling the story of population. After that, he was studying and was deeply loved by Su Zhe who was in Chen Gong at that time. In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), Su Shi came to say goodbye to his brother and became a judge in Hangzhou. Zhang Lei is very popular to meet Su Shi. Since then, he has become a guest of the Su brothers. Under the recommendation of Dongpo, he should recommend Gusu. In the sixth year of Xining (1073), when Zhang Lei was twenty years old, he was promoted by Zongshen and Wang Anshi, and was awarded the master book of Linhuai (now Sixian County, Anhui Province), and began to enter his official career. In the eighth year of Xining, Su Shi built a "transcendental platform" in Mizhou, and wrote "Transcendental Platform Fu". Su Shi called him "transcendent and peerless" and had the spirit of outstanding people. "His prose is indifferent to Wang Yang, and there is a sound of sighing" (a reply to Zhang Wenqian's book), which is the beginning of their poetry exchange. Before and after, I made friends with Qin Guan and Chao and became bosom friends.
From the sixth year of Xining to the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1073-1085), Zhang Lei worked as a county magistrate in Anhui, Henan and other places for more than ten years, and because his rank was full, he constantly changed his position and traveled between Beijing and Luoyang, which was particularly hard politically. "I was pedantic and clumsy, and I was trapped in a micro-official for ten years" ("Regret for the Past"), while "I was lonely, I had nowhere to eat, and I didn't know where to go" ("Assistant Minister Shang Cai Shu") was about this experience. Zhang Lei is an honest official. He wants to support his parents and children with a meager salary and is indifferent to life. However, bad luck came frequently, and his parents and ex-wife passed away one after another. His family went from bad to worse, and he was in an awkward position because of financial difficulties.
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Shenzong collapsed, and Youzhezong acceded to the throne, supporting the old party's high queen mother to listen to politics, and using Sima Guang, Su Shi and Su Zhe, they were sent to Beijing one after another. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), Minister Fan Chunren recommended Zhang Lei to take the college examination. The recommendation of Huang Tingjian, Chao and others to take the exam this time was put forward by Su Shi, a bachelor of Hanlin. As a result of the examination, all three of them were promoted, and Zhang Lei was appointed as the secretary of the province. Later, his works were reviewed by Zuo Lang, Secretary Cheng and the History Museum until he lived in a shed. In the spring of the second year of Yuan You (1087), Su Shi presided over the tribute ceremony of does, and Zhang Lei was hired as a marking officer and entered the examination institute to check the papers. In the third year of Yuan You (1088), Qin Guan was called to the capital, served as Dr. imperial academy and the Department of Orthopaedics, and also joined Su Shi. In his spare time, he went to raise your glass with Zhang Lei, or visited places of interest in Kyoto, wrote poems, painted inscriptions and encouraged each other, all of which were influenced by Su Shi. This is an unforgettable happy time for them, and it is also a great event in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty. They "write a poem one at a time, and people are scrambling to talk about it. Paper is expensive." After staying in the pavilion for eight years, Zhang Lei had the opportunity to browse the National Library, and lived a life of "books piled on the pillow, compilation and self-reliance", and his literary knowledge was also improving day by day.
After Song Zhezong came to power, the new party took power and tried its best to retaliate against the old minister of Yuan You. With the relegation of Su Shi and others, Su Men's disciples were also implicated. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094) and the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), he moved to Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng) to be demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) and then to Jingling County, Fuzhou (Song place name, now Tianmen, Hubei). In the second year of Fu Yuan (1099), Huangzhou was sentenced. When Song Huizong acceded to the throne, 47-year-old Zhang Lei was once known as Taichang Shao Qing, and was later adopted as Yanzhou and Yingzhou (now Fuyang), but the time was short. At that time, Su Shi moved to the mainland from Hainan, and Zhang Lei wrote poems to congratulate each other. "It was a sunny morning. The old man from Antarctica crossed the ridge. This Weng is like a white jade tree, gathered by thousands of fires. " Soon, the bad news came that Su Shi died on the way to Changzhou. Zhang Lei mourned a generation of writers and teachers in Yingzhou. Unexpectedly, he angered the first half. In the first year of Chongning (1 102), it was demoted to Zhoufang (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province) and set up in Huangzhou. This is the third time that he has been demoted in just six or seven years. He lived in Huangzhou for seven or eight years. As a courtier, he could not live in the official residence and Buddhist temple, but rented a house next to Keshan. It is natural that the trees are withered and the chrysanthemum is full of eyes, but "the fish on the river are fertile and the water is spring, and the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful" also gives him a lot of comfort. In particular, at the foot of Keshan Mountain, Zhang Lei and Pan Dalin, a disciple of Su Shi, became close neighbors. They comforted each other, cared for each other and kept festivals together. According to reports, Qu Ruwen, the county magistrate at that time, pitied his poor family and wanted to buy a piece of public land for him to grow beans, millet and vegetables to supplement his family. Zhang Lei refused to accept it. It was the sadness and joy here that made him unforgettable, so he named himself Keshan.
In the fourth year of worshipping Ning (1 105), Qin Guan's son was buried in Yangzhou from Tengzhou (now tengxian, Guangxi) at the expense of his father. When passing through Huangzhou, Zhang Lei paid homage to Linjiang. He wept bitterly for his friend's "escape to the sea and be a poor servant" Huang Tingjian died one after another before his tears dried. After five years of worship, all party bans were lifted, so I had to be happy with it. This winter, he returned to his hometown Huai 'an from Huangzhou via Yingzhou and lived there for about a year. During the Daguan period, he moved to Chen Zhou, supervised Nanyue Temple and was in charge of Chongfu Palace. Because of his long idleness in his later years, he was poor and ill. "Send the child to Mr. You at the end of the year" said, "Meat is like a rhyme, and it is like a lawyer. Women are afraid of cold and worry about makeup, while men are embarrassed to mend clothes. I have been ill for three times, and I have resigned from poverty. The long bottle lies in the corner, and the short brown falls into the sky. Lay iron at night and drink fire and count beads in the morning. " It is conceivable that he had no food and clothing at that time, and he didn't know the smell of meat in March.
Although the political environment was so bad and life was so poor, the poet did not give in to the decadent Cai Jing clique. Su Shi, who is conceited in learning Taoism, will stick to it all his life, even if he is beaten, he will not regret it, and is cited as the greatest interest in life. The poet persisted in this way. After Su Zhe and Chao died of loneliness and pain, they were buried in Huai 'an's hometown of "governing the north for seventy miles" according to the records of Shanyang County by Qianlong.
According to Lu You's Notes on the Old Xuegong, "The third son, Qi, Cao and Harmony, are all first-class scholars. Qi and Cao died in the Chen army. He was an instructor in Shaanxi, and his second brother was buried again. Unfortunately, Qian Wen has no future. "
Personality assessment
Zhang Lei had a rough life and experienced many misfortunes, but he never forgot to write poems. His works have been published and engraved many times by later generations, such as Keshan Collection, Zhang You Shi Wenji, Wanqiu Collection and so on. Today, Zhang Lei Ji, edited by Li Yian, Sun Tonghai and Fu Xin, has about 2,300 poems and nearly 300 essays, historical comments and discussions. It is really magnificent! His early poems are rich in system and clear in syllables. Dongpo called them "Wang Yang's dilution, the sound of singing and sighing". In his later years, he fell into its glory, became easy-going, and had a cold relationship with (Juyi) and (Ji), and once sang solo. His works are gorgeous and elegant. Beautiful, all-inclusive, married.
After Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty ascended the throne, Su Shi was posthumously awarded a bachelor's degree, and Zhang Lei was awarded the editing of Ying Ji Hall. The inscription reads: "The four men were crowned with literary talent, and the scholars admired them. Let's continue." It not only summed up the influence of Zhang Lei and others, but also affirmed their literary achievements, which finally made Zhang Lei and others immortal.
After the death of Su Shi, Su Zhe, Huang Tingjian, Chao and Qin Guan, they are still the mainstay of the literary world, preaching and teaching, and prospering their writing style. "History of Song Dynasty, Art and Literature" said: "If Lei lives alone, there will be countless scholars."