The number of women receiving higher education has surpassed that of men, and more than half of the students receiving higher education are female graduate students and junior college students. In the workplace, women's academic qualifications are gradually catching up with men, and the number of women with higher education has surpassed that of men.
The number of women with higher education exceeds that of men by 65,438. At the end of February, the Outline of Women's Development in China (20 1 1-2020) issued by the National Bureau of Statistics published the statistical monitoring results of women in China in seven fields. Then, the main data of the fourth China women's social status survey came out. The results show that the social status of women in China has changed significantly in the past ten years. About 97% of the respondents believe that the party and the state have created more and more favorable conditions for women's development. The proportion of men and women with similar social status in China has increased by10 by 5 percentage points compared with 20 10, and women's sense of acquisition, happiness and security has been significantly enhanced.
The power of "half the sky" is emerging.
The average life expectancy of women is over 80 years; Maternal mortality decreased by 40%; Social status is constantly improving; Social security is constantly improving ... Statistics and monitoring results show that China has made historic new achievements in promoting gender equality and women's all-round development, and women's protection in all aspects is becoming more and more perfect.
Health: The average life expectancy of women is over 80 years. After China entered the ranks of longevity countries in 2000, the average life expectancy in China continued to increase, with the average life expectancy of women increasing from 77.37 years in 20 10 to 79.43 years in 20 15, and further increasing to 80.88 years in 2020. Pregnant couples provide free check-ups, the average coverage rate of the target population is 96.4%, and the screening rate of common diseases among women is 86.6%. In 2020, the maternal mortality rate in China is16.9/100000, which is 43.7% lower than that in 20 10, and the index level is among the highest in the world.
Education: The proportion of women receiving higher education exceeds that of men. In 2020, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in China will reach 85.2%, girls' equal access to preschool education will be effectively guaranteed, and the gender gap in compulsory education will be basically eliminated. In 2020, the gross enrollment rate of higher education will be 54.4%, and the proportion of female graduate students will reach 50.9%.
Employment: Nearly 70% of women are employed. The working proportion of urban and rural women is 66.3% and 73.2% respectively. Women account for more than 40% of social employees, and the employment structure of women is further optimized. The employment rate of women in the tertiary industry is 54. 1%. The protection of poor women has been continuously strengthened. By the end of 2020, about half of the nearly 6,543.8 billion people have been lifted out of poverty.
Marriage and family: the status of husband and wife is more equal. Joint discussion has now become the main way to make decisions on major family issues. Among them, 9 1. 1% of the "fertility decisions" are jointly discussed by husband and wife; In terms of "investment/loan" and "buying/building", the proportion of wives participating in decision-making is 89.5% and 90% respectively. The proportion of husbands taking paid nursing leave has increased, and the proportion of women suffering from domestic violence has dropped significantly.
Social security: Social security is improving in all aspects. The proportion of reimbursement or subsidies for maternity expenses has increased significantly, and women's old-age security has basically achieved full participation. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2020, there were 470 million women participating in the basic old-age insurance in China, an increase of 654.38+0.2 billion over the end of 2065.438+06; The number of women participating in unemployment insurance and industrial injury insurance has increased by about 80%.
Social participation: Young women are more willing to participate. The proportion of women in neighborhood committees and village committees has increased, and the proportion of women in NPC deputies and CPPCC members has reached the highest level in history. Women are playing an increasingly important role in enterprise management. Young women are more concerned about national affairs.1The proportion of women aged 8-24 who care about domestic and international affairs is as high as 97.3%.
Legal guarantee. The public's awareness of the rule of law and the concept of gender equality have increased. About 80% of the respondents know the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, the Law on Domestic Violence, the Law on Marriage and the Law on Inheritance. Remarkable results have been achieved in cracking down on crimes, and women's legal aid has been greatly strengthened. 20 1 1 By 2020, a total of 3.307 million women in China will receive legal aid.
Education is the cornerstone of protecting women's rights and interests.
When interviewed by experts, the reporter of Life Times said that the improvement of maternal and child health care, education and legal system is the main driving force to improve women's happiness. Li Li, director of the military family planning eugenics technology center of the Army Military Medical University and director of the China eugenics association, said that the improvement of women's health level in China is obvious. Since the founding of New China, China has made outstanding achievements in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the maternal mortality rate has dropped significantly. 20 18 achieved the Millennium Development Goals required by the United Nations ahead of schedule. According to United Nations statistics, the life expectancy of women in China is four years higher than the average level of women in the world, and it has basically entered the ranks of middle and high-level countries. Now the urban environment, ecological environment and rural living environment are getting better and better, all of which provide better health protection for women.
Ding Juan, a researcher at the Women's Research Institute of the All-China Women's Federation, said that education is very important for women's lifelong growth. Without the cornerstone of education, there would be no higher-level development such as women's employment and social participation. After the founding of New China, equality in education is the best field to implement equality between men and women. Since the 18th and 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the implementation of precise poverty alleviation policies, people-oriented education, leaning towards vulnerable groups, increasing investment in rural education and strengthening weak links in rural areas through transfer payments have effectively promoted the extension of women's education time.
In the past ten years, women's willingness and initiative to participate in democratic politics and grassroots social governance have been further enhanced. Ding Juan said that the increase in the number of women deputies to the National People's Congress, CPPCC members and enterprise managers shows that women are paying more and more attention to social development while paying attention to their own destiny, and integrating their own development with society. Education is the foundation, employment is the core, political participation is the key indicator, and democratic participation is an important field of gender equality. Suffering from feudal ideology for a long time, women have been imprisoned in the family and have no opportunities for self-expression and social participation, but this does not mean that women do not have the will and ability in this regard, but have been suppressed for a long time. Nowadays, the improvement of women's quality and the rapid development of the Internet provide women with more opportunities to understand major issues at home and abroad.
Ding Juan said that in recent years, the party and the state have been advocating family style and family culture. In the past, people thought that the family was the domain of private rights, and women must put family first and obey their husbands. Even if they suffer from domestic violence, they are considered to be the privilege of men or the fault of women. Nowadays, public power is more and more involved in the family, domestic violence is no longer a private matter, and the social attribute of the family is getting stronger and stronger. On the one hand, people rely more and more on social survival and development, and their dependence on family is weakened; On the other hand, because the society has more respect for the individual's attitude towards marriage and love, both men and women have the freedom to marry and divorce when marriage cannot be maintained.
In addition, the promulgation and revision of the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests and many other laws and regulations have clearly defined women's property rights and interests, the legitimate rights and interests of female workers, the rights and interests of land contracting, and the health rights and interests of female workers, making the legal and regulatory system for safeguarding women's rights and interests and equality between men and women more perfect. In particular, the Anti-Domestic Violence Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking of China (20 13-2020) are of milestone significance for China to combat domestic violence and protect vulnerable groups such as women and children.
The gap between urban and rural areas needs to be improved and gender equality should be strengthened.
Experts said that China's progress and achievements in women's health, employment and social participation are obvious to all, but there is no denying that there is still a gap between urban and rural areas, and some problems need to be refined into specific fields, so that more care should be given to women.
Health education in childbearing age needs to be strengthened. According to the fourth survey of women's social status in China, in 2020, the maternal mortality rate in rural areas will be 18.5/65438+ ten thousand, which is 38.5% lower than that in 20 10, but still higher than that in cities14.165438+ten thousand. For example, in China's central cities such as Shanghai and Hangzhou, the maternal mortality rate is as low as 4/65438+ 10,000, while it is still around 10/65438+ 10,000 in the central and western regions.
Li Li said that the maternal mortality rate is an important indicator to measure the health status of a country. At present, the spectrum of diseases that threaten the health of pregnant women is different. In the past, diseases that caused the death of pregnant women included postpartum hemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism, preeclampsia and infection. In recent years, the new situation is the increase of maternal complications, and there are more and more cases of "three highs", tumors and autoimmune diseases, which need to be paid great attention to. This reminds us that health care and health education for women before childbearing age are particularly important in both urban and rural areas. We should raise our awareness of self-protection, use contraception reasonably, strengthen adolescent sex education and avoid early pregnancy and abortion.
Pay attention to the imbalance between female family pressure and personal development. The survey shows that the average daily housework time of married women is 120 minutes; Children aged 0~ 17 are mainly responsible for their daily life care, counseling and transportation. The demand ratio of children under 3 years old for "child care service" is 35. 1%, but only 2.7% is taken care of by child care institutions, and the mother is mainly responsible for taking care of it.
Ding Juan said that although the status of husband and wife in the family has been more equal in recent ten years, the problems of heavy family care burden, insufficient public service support, early retirement of women and low security benefits still exist. The national regulatory authorities should strengthen the monitoring of gender discrimination and severely punish gender discrimination in enterprise recruitment; Vigorously promote the socialization of housework and social service institutions, establish inclusive kindergartens and nurseries, and reduce the pressure on women to raise children. Enterprises should achieve equal employment for men and women and equal pay for equal work, and women should not be excluded from job placement; In industries where women are concentrated, priority should be given to selecting female cadres and increasing the proportion of women in management. In the field of education, gender equality education should start from an early age, strengthen the education of students under the rule of law, and reduce campus violence and infringement. In the family, to create a culture of equality between men and women, husband and wife should respect each other and share housework together, and men should not be "shopkeepers". In social propaganda, we should pay attention to improving prejudice against women, such as discrimination against older women such as female doctors and criticism of women's reproductive choices.
Both physical and mental health need attention. Li Li believes that women are the backbone of society, but they often ignore their own health. We should provide ourselves with basic medical insurance, regular physical examination, and do a good job in health management throughout the life cycle. Pay attention to adolescent sex education, vaccinate cervical cancer as soon as possible, and pay attention to screening for two cancers after 40 years old. At present, the control of maternal mortality has entered a bottleneck period, and more prevention and control needs the attention of women of childbearing age. Pay attention to pre-pregnancy physical examination, and don't wait until you are pregnant to start paying attention to health. In particular, women who are preparing to have a second or third child should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of birth defects in newborns. The increase in the proportion of postpartum depression should be paid great attention to, and the emotional changes and psychological problems of menopausal women should be concerned about their mental health.
Equality between men and women should put the law into practice. China's Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests stipulates that it is forbidden to exclude or restrict women from enjoying and exercising their rights and interests according to law. Strengthen the labor protection of female workers in special periods, protect rural women's land and related rights and interests, increase the provisions on economic compensation for housework during divorce, and improve the prevention and stop measures for harassment by schools and employers. It is forbidden to infringe upon women by non-violent means such as superstition and mind control (PUA), and it is forbidden to infringe upon women's personal rights due to marriage disputes. Ding Juan said that these legal provisions should be implemented, and at the same time, women should raise their awareness of protecting their rights and interests. In case of infringement, we should actively protect rights according to law.
Finally, Ding Juan suggested that to realize women's all-round development, it is necessary to continuously improve their education level and professional ability, and to combine their own choices with social development is more conducive to realizing their own values; We should adapt to social development, coordinate family and career development, handle different problems in different stages of life, grasp our own destiny, make wise choices and manage our physical and mental health. "I believe that with the support of many parties and the joint efforts of the whole society, women's happiness will be further improved!"
The number of women with higher education has surpassed that of men. Two days ago, the National Bureau of Statistics released the final statistical monitoring report of the Outline for the Development of Women in China (20 1 1-2020), which showed that "the proportion of female students in all kinds of higher education exceeds that of male students".
More than half of the students receiving higher education are female graduate students and junior college students. In the workplace, women's academic qualifications are gradually catching up with men, especially in first-tier cities such as Beishang and Shenzhen.
However, many women are invincible on the road of education examination, and are still struggling in career development and technical research.
What is the significance of reading for highly educated women?
Omnidirectional overtaking
In the stage of higher education, the proportion of female students has completely surpassed that of male students, whether in undergraduate colleges or graduate students.
Among the students in higher education in 2020, the number of female graduate students is 6.5438+0.599 million, accounting for 50.9% of all graduate students; Female college students16.742 million, accounting for 5 1.0%.
In particular, in recent years, the proportion of female graduate students has steadily increased.
From 65438 to 0999, 26,000 female graduate students were enrolled nationwide, accounting for 36.5% of the total enrollment. From 2009, the number of female master students began to exceed that of male master students. In 20 19, the number of female graduate students enrolled was 447,000, accounting for 55 1%.
From the perspective of specific universities, from undergraduate to graduate, the ratio of male to female suddenly reversed.
The report on the employment quality of college graduates in 2020 shows that the male-female ratio of undergraduates in Zhejiang University is1.41:kloc-0/,and the male-female ratio of master students is reduced to1.22:1; The male-female ratio of undergraduate students in Nanjing University is 1. 14: 1, and the male-female ratio of master students is reduced to 0.79: 1. The number of female students directly exceeds that of male students.
Even in science and engineering universities with more boys, such as China University of Science and Technology, there are 269 female undergraduates and as many female postgraduates as 1084 in 2020.
When a large number of female college students enter the job market, they also change their academic status in the workplace.
According to the 20021China Female Workplace Survey released by Zhaopin, the proportion of female professionals with bachelor degree or above has reached 55.9%, surpassing that of male professionals.
Higher education makes it easier for female college students to stay in big cities. CBN combed and counted the data of urban registered population, and found that there were more women than men in all 10 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Xiamen and Shenyang.
For example, in the teaching profession, the proportion of women in big cities is increasing. Among the full-time teachers in primary and secondary schools in 2020, the proportion of female teachers in high school, junior high school and primary school is 54.73%, 53.2% and 69.98% respectively. In developed cities, this ratio is even more unbalanced.
"weak" stamina
The increase in the proportion of women in the highly educated group is the result of the joint action of external environment and self-factors.
The final statistical monitoring report of "China Women's Development Program (20 1 1-2020)" shows that since the implementation of the program, China's higher education has developed rapidly, and the opportunities for women to receive higher education have been increasing; Employment policies and entrepreneurship support policies have been gradually improved, and women's employment channels have been continuously expanded.
In big cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, it is easier for highly educated women to find suitable development space, and the urban cultural atmosphere also gives more tolerance to highly educated women who come to work hard.
In the matter of reading, female college students are more likely to stand out in various exams because of their own advantages of meticulous self-control
However, a study of more than 6.5438+0.3 million resume data shows that on average, women have to study one more degree than men to get the same income as men, and women's income growth will slow down and saturate earlier than men.
On the way to continue studying, the woman's later performance also gradually slowed down. Although female masters surpass male masters, at the doctoral level, the number of female doctors is still far less than that of male doctors.
At present, women account for about 45.8% of the national scientific and technological workers. With the improvement of professional and technical positions, the proportion of women is gradually decreasing, there is a shortage of female scientific and technological leaders, and the phenomenon of "scissors difference" is more prominent.
In the list of academicians of the two academies published in 20021,of the 65 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, only 5 are female scientists; Of the 84 academicians of China Academy of Engineering, only 6 are female scientists.
At the same time, the proportion of female academicians in China Academy of Sciences is very small. Among the academicians of the Department of Mathematics and Science, female academicians who are closely related to mathematics are rare. Zhang, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and a professor at Peking University Institute of Mathematical Sciences, pointed out that the number of outstanding female mathematicians, such as academicians in the field of mathematics in China and winners of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, is still very small, and the proportion of female mathematicians who give speeches at international mathematical conferences is even smaller.
Of course, this is related to the nature of higher education. Some scholars believe that the whole higher education system and way of thinking are based on people's way of thinking. There are differences in cognitive styles between women and men, which makes women more likely to encounter difficulties in learning.
Not the end.
The proportion of women in all kinds of higher education has exceeded, which is obviously not the end of the story.
Shi Jinghuan, director of the Academic Committee of Tsinghua University Institute of Education, pointed out that although equal admission is an important content to achieve gender equality, it is not the only content.
The more important indicators to achieve equality are the fairness of the educational environment, the fairness of the distribution of educational resources, and the fairness of the conditions and opportunities for men and women to obtain their own development in education.
How to help women stay in scientific research posts? An article was published on TheScientist's website, giving male scientists 10 suggestions, such as often discussing frontier issues with female scientists, paying attention to inviting female scientists to speak at academic forums, and organizing meetings to invite more female scientists to give reports.
In July of 20021year, the Ministry of Science and Technology and other departments 13 issued "Several Measures to Support Female Scientific and Technological Talents to Play a Greater Role in Scientific and Technological Innovation", proposing to improve the evaluation and incentive mechanism for female scientific and technological talents.
The document pointed out that several national key R&D plans explored the establishment of female scientist programs and appropriately relaxed the age limit for female applicants.
In September of the same year, the Beijing Women's Federation, together with the Municipal Bureau of Talents and other units, issued the "Scientific and Technological Innovation Action for Women-Beijing Action", pointing out that the age limit for female applicants should be appropriately relaxed when organizing and implementing projects such as the Beijing Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project and the Beijing Natural Science Fund Youth Project.
In the workplace, in recent years, extending maternity leave and female maternity leave have attracted the most attention. According to the 20021China Survey Report on Women's Workplace, 55.8% of women were asked about their marital and reproductive status during job hunting, which was more than twice that of men in the workplace.
Of course, employees of enterprises understand that enterprises are for profit, and extending maternity leave and maternity leave for women will further weaken their job opportunities. Policies and regulations to encourage childbearing need relevant supporting measures to bear the relevant costs of this welfare policy.
At present, China has basically eliminated the gender gap in enrollment, and the advantages of women in reading are gradually emerging. In the future, we will strive to narrow the realistic gap after obtaining high academic qualifications.
After all, the purpose of reading is to give people a better prospect, regardless of gender.
The number of women who received higher education three days ago has surpassed that of men. The National Bureau of Statistics released the final statistical monitoring report of "China Women's Development Program (20 1 1-2020)", which aroused concern and heated discussion.
The report pointed out that since the implementation of the Outline, higher education in China has developed rapidly, and the opportunities for women to receive higher education have been increasing. Financial aid is provided to poor and disabled female college students through various channels and forms, and women's right to equal access to higher education is strongly guaranteed.
In 2020, the gross enrollment rate of higher education will be 54.4%, which is 27.9 percentage points higher than that in 20 10. The number of female graduate students in higher education is 6.5438+0.599 million, accounting for 50.9% of all graduate students, which is 3. 1 percentage point higher than that of 2065.438+00. There are 6.742 million female college students/kloc-0 and 4.506 million female adult college students, accounting for 5 1.0% and 58.0% respectively, which are 0. 1 0 and 4.9 percentage points higher than 20 10 respectively.
The proportion of female graduate students has steadily increased.
In fact, in recent years, the proportion of female graduate students has been rising steadily. According to China Education Online "202 1 National Postgraduate Enrollment Survey Report" 1999, there are 26,000 female postgraduates enrolled nationwide, accounting for 36.5% of the total postgraduate enrollment. From 2009, the number of female master students began to exceed that of male master students. In 20 19, 447,000 female graduate students were enrolled, accounting for 55. 1%.
The proportion of female graduate students is increasing rapidly, which has complicated social factors. On the one hand, the progress of social development has given women more opportunities for fair competition. On the other hand, some of women's own advantages, such as strong self-control ability, being more careful, etc., make it easy for them to win in exams at all levels. Not only in the postgraduate entrance examination, but also in the college entrance examination, the advantages and proportion of women are obviously enlarged.
Related to this, the proportion of women in civil servants and other related examinations has increased significantly, which is also one of the signs of social civilization and progress.
In addition, according to the data reported in previous years, the level of regional economic development will also have a certain impact on women's graduate studies. Take the graduate students from all provinces in China in 20 18 as an example, the proportion of female graduate students in the central and western provinces is mostly around 55%, among which Ningxia has the highest proportion of female graduate students, accounting for 63.48%, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia are also as high as 60%, and the proportion of Jilin, Shanxi and Guizhou is above 56%.
However, the proportion of female graduate students in most eastern coastal provinces or developed cities is below 50%, of which Anhui has the lowest proportion, accounting for 42.79%, Jiangsu and Hubei are also around 45%, and Beijing and Shanghai are also between 46% and 49%.
It can be seen that in areas with high economic development level, women's employment concept is more free, not limited to stable employment direction, but in areas with relatively backward economic development, the situation is the opposite.
In addition, the proportion of women is also related to the type of local universities. For example, the proportion of female graduate students in Anhui and Heilongjiang provinces is only 42.79% and 47.99%, which is related to the concentration of China University of Science and Technology, Hefei University of Technology and Harbin Institute of Technology in these two provinces.
Female education in the workplace in first-tier cities is surpassing.
Not only for further study, but also for employment, the number of women employed in the workplace has steadily increased, and their academic qualifications are gradually surpassing those of men.
The final statistical monitoring report of China Women's Development Program (20 1 1-2020) shows that in 2020, there were 67.794 million women employed in urban units, an increase of10/79,000 over 20 10. The proportion of female employees in the total social employment is 43.5%, which has achieved the goal of "maintaining more than 40%" in the Outline.
The report pointed out that since the implementation of the outline, the employment policy and entrepreneurship support policy have been gradually improved, the channels for women's employment have been continuously expanded, and the number of women employed has increased steadily.
According to the "20021China Women's Workplace Survey Report" released by Zhaopin, the proportion of middle-level female leaders has begun to exceed that of men among managers at different levels in first-tier cities such as Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen. The proportion of female professionals with bachelor degree or above in first-tier cities such as Beishang and Shenzhen has reached 55.9%, while the proportion of male professionals with bachelor degree or above is only 46.7%. This also reflects the achievement that women have proved their worth through their own strength in the past year, but they are still slightly inferior to men in high-level positions, but the gap is no longer wide.
Women's scientific and technological strength has attracted more and more attention.
20021,13 In July, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the All-China Women's Federation and other departments issued "Several measures to support female scientific and technological talents to play a greater role in scientific and technological innovation" (hereinafter referred to as "measures"), and women's scientific and technological strength has attracted more and more attention from all sides.
The "Measures" mentioned that there is still a shortage of high-level female scientific and technological talents. At present, women account for about 45.8% of the national scientific and technological workers, but with the improvement of professional and technical positions, the proportion of women has gradually decreased, and there is a shortage of female scientific and technological leaders, and the phenomenon of "scissors gap" has become more prominent. In 20 19, women accounted for 6% of academicians of China Academy of Sciences and 5.3% of academicians of China Academy of Engineering. Among the experts and scholars selected by the national talent plan, the proportion of women is only about 10%.
In the list of academicians of the two academies published in 20021,of the 65 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, only 5 are female scientists; Of the 84 academicians of China Academy of Engineering, only 6 are female scientists. It directly confirms the phenomenon of "scissors difference" mentioned in the Measures.
This situation is not unique to China. The scientific report released by UNESCO in June pointed out that although the number of women engaged in scientific work has increased, the growth rate is still slow: only 33% of researchers in the world are women, and only 4% of the Nobel Prize for Science has been awarded to women.
In view of the relative shortage of female scientific and technological talents, in order to give full play to the important role of female scientific and technological talents in promoting innovation-driven development, realizing high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and building a world-class scientific and technological power, the Measures propose to improve the evaluation and incentive mechanism for female scientific and technological talents.
Support female scientific and technological talents to be selected into the national high-level talent plan. In the co-option of academicians of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering, more outstanding female scientists are encouraged to be nominated as candidates, and women are given priority in the selection under the same conditions.
Increase incentives for female scientific and technological talents. Gradually expand the scale of China Young Women Scientists Award, and encourage social forces to set up science and technology awards for women scientists.
Establish an evaluation mechanism conducive to the development of female scientific and technological talents. In the evaluation of NSFC projects, the funding policy of giving priority to female researchers under the same conditions should be implemented.
"Improving the plight of female researchers requires changing social concepts. Once women are given more understanding and empathy, women will automatically glow. "
Women still face challenges in social life.
Contemporary women have gradually become the backbone of social life, which has triggered the social repositioning of women's roles. But we should also see that it is the efforts made by women that are directly proportional to it. After all, for many women, balancing family and work is a lifelong topic.
There is no absolute fairness in the workplace, but men and women suffer different unfair treatment in the workplace. Factors such as gender, marriage and childbearing plan still affect women's workplace value to a great extent.
According to the 20021China Survey Report on Women's Workplace, 55.8% of women were asked about their marital and reproductive status during job hunting, which was more than twice that of men in the workplace. 29.6% of women have been restricted by employers because of their gender, 18.2% of women were forced to give up their career development because they took care of their families. 7.7% of women have been harassed in the workplace, and 7.8% and 4. 1% of women were transferred and underpaid during marriage and childbirth respectively.
The experience of higher education provides powerful spiritual energy for women's development and makes their independence more and more obvious. While praising women in China, we should also see how to create a fairer environment and provide them with more protection. With the liberalization of the three-child policy, the exploration of "equal workplace" faced by professional women is always on the road.
What does education mean to women?
From education to employment, a higher level of knowledge has brought more life confidence to women. In the fields of medical and health care, scientific and technological research and poverty alleviation, women are active and show their strength.
Yan Ning in Tsinghua University has set up its own laboratory since 2007. So far, there are more than 30 graduate students and postdoctoral students, half of whom are girls. She said that all the girls who came out of her lab were self-reliant.
Guo Wei, who went to Tsinghua University with a doctor of law from the middle school, firmly believes in the creed of "reading changes fate". From a nurse to a partner in a law firm in Beijing, she has never failed in her life.
Master of Peking University, champion of arts and chorus, Wei, one piece. Song Xi, a Peking University student born in 1994, is a retired "veteran" of the Marine Corps and leads a wonderful life that others may not be able to do in their lifetime.
Women, in any social environment, can create their own miracle of life by virtue of their own intelligence. Cheer for women!
At present, China has basically eliminated the gender gap in enrollment, and the proportion of female education has reached a record high. However, the lack of gender discourse system in school education, the inequality in family education process and gender stereotypes in society still exist to some extent. The implementation of gender equality education is not simply to realize the equality of the number of educated men and women, but to see whether the opportunities and resources of the two sexes are equal in the presentation of educational results and practices.
The Outline for the Development of Women in China (20021-2030) clearly puts forward in the strategic measures in the field of women's education that "explore and build a gender equality education model combining school education, family education and social education", which is the embodiment that the Party and the state attach great importance to optimizing the development environment for women in the new period and is also a new requirement for promoting gender equality development in the historical intersection.