1946 65438+1October 10 to February 14, the first phase of the first UN General Assembly was held in London. 5 1 representatives of founding Member States attended the meeting, and the United Nations organizational system officially began to operate.
The purpose of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and security; Develop friendly international relations on the basis of respecting the principle of equal rights and self-determination of all peoples; International cooperation solves international problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature and promotes respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms of all mankind.
The United Nations has six main organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice and the Secretariat. The United Nations General Assembly is composed of all Member States and holds a regular session every year. The new regular session opens in September every year and usually lasts until the middle and late February of 65438+. The General Assembly may decide to adjourn temporarily during a session and resume later, but it must close before the opening of the next regular session. According to the Charter, the General Assembly has the right to discuss any issue or matter within the scope of the Charter and make recommendations to Member States and the Security Council.
The Security Council consists of five permanent members: China, France, Russia, Britain and the United States, and 10 non-permanent members elected according to the principle of regional distribution. According to the Charter, the Security Council has the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. The Secretariat consists of the Secretary-General and United Nations staff. Its duty is to serve the United Nations and its subsidiary bodies and to implement the programmes and policies formulated by these bodies. The Secretary-General is the highest executive head of the United Nations, and the current Secretary-General is Korean Ban Ki-moon (who took office in 2007). In addition, the United Nations has established many different boards, committees or other bodies as required. The headquarters of the United Nations is located in new york, USA.
Over the past decades, the United Nations has experienced changes in the international situation, developed and expanded in twists and turns, and made important contributions to the peace and prosperity of mankind. It has made remarkable achievements in realizing global decolonization, maintaining world peace and security and promoting social and economic development. By September 2005, the membership of the United Nations had increased from 5 1 at the time of its establishment to 1 and 9 1, making it the most universal and authoritative intergovernmental international organization composed of sovereign States. According to the materials published by the United Nations, since 1948, the Security Council has authorized more than 60 peacekeeping operations. In addition, the United Nations has successively formulated hundreds of international treaties ranging from non-proliferation of nuclear weapons to the peaceful use of outer space.
China sent a delegation to the San Francisco Conference in 1945. The representative of China, Dong, led a delegation from China to attend and sign the UN Charter. 197110/On October 25th, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 2758(XXVI), which decided to "restore all the rights of People's Republic of China (PRC), recognize its government representative as the only legitimate representative of China in the United Nations organization, and immediately take away the seat illegally occupied by Chiang Kai-shek's representative in the United Nations organization and all its affiliated institutions.
United Nations song: American poet Romey wrote the lyrics and former Soviet composer Shostakovich composed the music. The lyrics are as follows:
"The sun and stars list the sky,
The earth is surging with majestic songs.
Humans sing lofty hopes together,
Praise the birth of a new world.
United Nations, move forward as one,
The flag flutters in the wind, and we work together for the victory of the free new world ... "
Member States of the United Nations: Any country that requests to join the United Nations must submit an application, which will be recommended by the Security Council and adopted by a two-thirds majority of the United Nations Member States. When the Security Council takes preventive action or compulsory action against a Member State of the United Nations, the United Nations General Assembly may, on the recommendation of the Security Council, suspend the country from exercising the rights and privileges of a Member State. The Council can resume the exercise of these rights and privileges. On the recommendation of the Security Council, the General Assembly can expel a Member State that repeatedly violates the principles of the Charter from the United Nations. Members of the United Nations have permanent missions in the United Nations, and observers have permanent observer offices in the United Nations. As of September 27th, 2002, there were 19 1 member countries. Among them, there are 39 in Asia, 53 in Africa, 27 in Eastern Europe and CIS countries, 23 in Western Europe, 33 in Latin America, and 0/6 in North America and Oceania. In addition, there are two permanent observer countries of the United Nations: Vatican and Palestine (higher than Vatican).
Headquarters: The headquarters of the United Nations is located in new york, USA, and the European Office of the United Nations is located in Geneva. On September 1 2003, the United Nations headquarters in new york, including the United Nations Secretariat compound and the office buildings of other United Nations agencies nearby, was completely banned from smoking.
People's desire for world peace.
Badges and flags: The official emblem of the United Nations is a map of the world from the North Pole, surrounded by olive branches. The background color of the United Nations flag is light blue, and the pattern in the middle is the white United Nations emblem.
Main publications: UN Chronicle Quarterly, published in six languages: Chinese, English, French, Spanish, Russian and Arabic; Yearbook of the United Nations.
Organizational structure: The United Nations has six main organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice and the Secretariat. In addition, there are many special committees and institutions related to these committees.
After the death of Premier Zhou Enlai, the United Nations flew flags at half-mast in China. The United Nations flags were flown at half-mast for seven days.
the United Nations (UN)
On June 5th, the spokesman of UN Secretary-General Perez de Cuellar said: Some people think it is necessary to use force in Beijing at the weekend, and as a result, many citizens are killed. The secretary-general of the United nations is extremely depressed about this. The Secretary-General attaches great importance to the requirement of the Charter of the United Nations that the United Nations should not interfere in matters that basically fall within the jurisdiction of each country. However, he very much hopes to exercise maximum restraint in the present very difficult situation.
1. Purpose and principle Purpose: In short, it is to maintain international peace and security and promote international cooperation and development.
Principle: ① Sovereign equality of all member states.
The peaceful settlement of international disputes should not endanger peace, security and justice.
Never threaten or use force against other countries in international relations.
(4) Non-interference in the internal affairs of any country.
2. Organizational structure: The United Nations has seven main organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, the Secretariat and the Human Rights Council (47 seats, excluding the United States).
@ United Nations General Assembly: The United Nations General Assembly is referred to as the "General Assembly" and consists of all Member States. It is a deliberative body of the United Nations, and decisions on "important issues" must be made by? Majority passed; Resolutions on "general issues" can be passed by more than half. The resolution adopted by the General Assembly is not legally binding, but it is enough to have a wide political impact on Member States.
@ UN Security Council: The UN Security Council, referred to as "the Security Council" for short, consists of five permanent members: China, France, Russia, Britain and the United States, and 10 non-permanent members. 10 Non-permanent members are elected by the United Nations General Assembly for a term of two years. Resolutions adopted by the Security Council are binding on Member States. The Security Council is the only organ in the United Nations that has the right to take action on international peace and security. It has the right to investigate and mediate international disputes, and can take compulsory measures such as arms embargo and economic sanctions, and can also send United Nations peacekeeping troops to help ease tensions in a certain region. As the core of the international collective security mechanism, the UN Security Council has become the most authoritative and legitimate institution in the multilateral security system.
@ United Nations Secretariat: The United Nations Secretariat is the administrative secretariat of United Nations agencies. The Secretary-General is the chief executive of the United Nations and shoulders great international political responsibilities. The Secretary-General is appointed by the United Nations General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a term of five years.
# The Secretary-General appears as a representative of the United Nations in international affairs, liaises with Member States and other international organizations on behalf of the United Nations, and can conduct understanding and mediation on behalf of the United Nations in areas where international conflicts and disputes occur. (Ban Ki-moon)
Role: In recent years, the United Nations has played an important role in maintaining world peace, easing international tensions and resolving regional conflicts. It plays an active role in coordinating international economic relations and promoting economic, scientific and cultural cooperation and exchanges among countries all over the world.
4. Status of the United Nations: As the largest and most important international organization in the world today, the role of the United Nations international collective security mechanism has been widely recognized by the international community.