The "5w" principle is the principle of writing literature review according to who, when, where, why and what academic opinions are put forward.

A truly valuable literature review should be like an experimental report in physics. Others can repeat the experiment according to the experimental report, so that readers can quickly consult the original literature and do further textual research and research. The "5w" principle is not only the writing principle of literature review, but also the standard academic norm. Following the "5w" principle to write literature review and engage in rigorous academic research will be conducive to the accumulation of academic achievements and the progress of scientific development.

02. Classical principle

The so-called classic writing principle means that the content of literature review must be the classic works of classic writers on the studied issues. It is true that any research topic has its own classic works in its research field. The author of graduate thesis must make great efforts to systematically read and dig deep into the true academic connotation of classic works in his research field, so as to lay a solid theoretical foundation for his follow-up research. Of course, we emphasize that literary criticism is best the classic works of classic figures, and we don't despise the valuable works of unknown authors at all. We list the authoritative works of authoritative figures, not to show respect for celebrities and disrespect for non-authoritative figures. In academic research, it is natural to adhere to academic standards, and no other factors other than academic standards can participate.

03. Principles of ancient and modern China and foreign countries

The principle of ancient and modern China and foreign countries is to do everything possible to fully possess theoretical materials and "search for its strange peaks and draft its drafts". There is a view that literature review is a review of the current research situation. I personally disagree with this view. In essence, "the status quo" is only a continuation of "history". Without "history", how can there be "status quo"? If you don't understand "history", how can you know where the research question "comes from"? How to accurately judge the research question "where to go"? Only by understanding "history" and "present situation" at the same time can we deeply grasp the research object. Without "history", research is flat, without depth and three-dimensional sense; Without "Chinese and foreign", there is no horizontal comparison in research, and there is no broad vision. Only by adhering to the principles of ancient and modern China and foreign countries can we "grasp all the theoretical materials of the research object" and lay a solid theoretical foundation for the research of topic selection. Master's thesis, especially doctoral thesis, is different from MBA thesis. The writing characteristic of MBA thesis is to apply the theory learned to solve practical problems, and finally draw a general conclusion, preferably to put forward a complete solution to a specific research problem. You don't even need to write a literature review for an MBA thesis. Master's thesis, especially doctoral thesis, is not like this. It depends on whether the author has a solid theoretical foundation in this respect. A master's thesis or doctoral thesis without literature review is not a master's thesis or doctoral thesis.

04. The principle of "document tree"

The principle of "document tree" is also the principle of "academic pedigree". It is intended to emphasize the "class generation" and "lineage" of literature, that is, the second evolutionary relationship. When writing a literature review, the author must systematically sort out the evolution process of the research literature. Specifically, he must adopt a historical method and write in the ways of "from far to near", "from front to back" (in time), "from big to small" and "from wide to narrow" (in space). The only purpose of emphasizing the "document tree" writing principle of literature review is to clarify the internal logic and evolution law of research literature and lay an indispensable solid theoretical foundation for its follow-up research.

05. The principle of "indomitable spirit"

In a word, the principle of "indomitable spirit" requires the author to approach the forefront of academic research at home and abroad from the theoretical inheritance; The Site requires the author to solve the real economic problems in China through academic research and integrating theory with practice. If the literature review can't be close to the academic frontier at home and abroad, then the author's research is doomed to be mediocre or repetitive. To make an inappropriate analogy, the world champion of women's pole vault is Russia's Isinbayeva. She has broken her own world record more than 20 times and maintained monopoly rule, with a score of more than 5 meters. Whoever wants to make achievements in the women's pole vault must catch up with Isinbayeva, the unavoidable peak, and there is no other way. Naturally, "heaven" is a question of inheritance. Without real inheritance, it is difficult to have real innovation. Without "innovation", it is absolutely difficult to "innovate".

06. Comment on the principle of combination.

Literature review writing must be combined with review. Only "narration" has no "comment", so literature is fragmented and the purpose of writing literary comments is lost; There is no basis for studying problems only by "commenting" without "narrating". Traveling is rootless and unconvincing. What needs to be emphasized is that "narration" should try to "catch all the research documents", and so does the so-called "search all the strange peaks". On the premise of detailed possession of the existing research literature, we should dare to summarize and analyze the "contribution" and "deficiency" of the existing research literature. Through the further analysis of "deficiency", we can derive our own research topic from "deficiency", that is, to study a "deficiency" or even a certain aspect of a "deficiency". In this way, the logical starting point and theoretical starting point of the research problem are clarified.

07. Singularity principle

Simply put, the "singular principle" of literature review writing is "a paper, a literature review". There is a simple reason. A dissertation only needs to study a problem or one aspect of a problem systematically and deeply. Therefore, the research object of dissertation must be "singular" rather than "plural". If it is "plural", it means that the topic of the dissertation is not concentrated. Numerous writing practices show that this will inevitably lead to the complexity of literature review and paper structure, and will inevitably bring endless annoyance and serious trouble to paper writing. The "single principle" of literature review writing is determined by the "single" of the research object of the paper.

08. Obey the theme principle

"Summary must focus on the innovation of paper research. Learn the achievements of predecessors and serve your own papers. " Literature review is to review and sort out the existing achievements of your own research problems. Therefore, the literature reviewed must be matched with their own research problems and cannot be divorced from the theme of their own research problems. Otherwise, it will destroy the inherent logical consistency of the research paper and cause unnecessary confusion. Furthermore, literature review should serve its own research problems, rather than "I note six classics" Based on this, when writing a literature review, the author must always keep in mind the theme and hypothesis of his paper and choose the literature around it.