A brief introduction to the painter Kun [kūn] can (16 12 ~ 1692) in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. One of the four monks in the early Qing Dynasty. Liu, a native of Wuling (now Changde City, Hunan Province), now lives in Nanjing. He lost his mother when he was young and became a monk. His legal name is Kun Can, his real name, his real name is Bai Bald, and his real name is No.1. He is disabled, a Taoist who lives by electricity, and a Taoist who lives by stone. After cutting his hair, he traveled around the world. At the age of 43, he settled in Hongji, Nanjing, and then moved to Youqi Temple in Niushou Mountain for the rest of his life. Being taciturn and suffering from chronic diseases, he devoted himself to artistic work. He made friends with Cheng Zhengqi (Cheng Zhengqi, a Taoist priest in Qingxi) and was called Hill. In art, he and Shi Tao are called two stones, and he is good at painting landscapes, figures and flowers. Landscape painting is mainly an inherited tradition, especially worshipping Wang Meng and Huang as teachers. The composition is complicated and overlapping, the realm is profound and magnificent, the pen and ink are thick and vigorous, and the expressions of rock roughness and Jie Suocun are mostly changed from Wang Meng; However, this bare rock structure, calm and pale crimson, is close to the yellow method. During the Five Dynasties, he lived far away in Dongyuan and Ju Ran. Recently, he learned from Dong Qichang and Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty, and he was eclectic and learned from others. On the basis of learning tradition, he attached importance to learning from nature and advocated that "those who discuss the essence of painting must read more about history." Only when there are fewer sources of mountaineering can we create meaning. "I have spent most of my life in mountains and rivers, often stopping at famous mountains and rivers and wandering back and forth. He is "secluded in the valley of mountains and rivers" and "Man Chun Stone". His subjective feelings and spirit interact and blend with objective scenery and artistic conception, which makes his landscape paintings sincere, vivid and lyrical. Landscape works seek adventure in the plain, the mountains collect water, open and close orderly, dense and not crowded, tightly structured, safe and changeable, creating fascinating and fascinating landscapes, vividly conveying the ethereal, dense and magnificent artistic conception of Jiangnan mountains and rivers. He likes to use thirsty pen, bald, vigorous and dignified, dry but not dry, and use thick and light ink to render, so that pen and ink blend, forming a lush and hearty interest, so that the picture has a magnificent momentum. The existing masterpiece is Hongzhi Map, which depicts Hongzhi outside the Jubaomen Gate in Nanjing. Through generalization and refinement, it shows the majestic and peculiar weather of various scenic spots in Jinling. " Cloud Cave Flowing Springs, Layered Rock Gull and Rain Washing Mountain Roots (all in the Palace Museum) show the distinctive artistic characteristics of Xi Shi with their dense layout, vigorous brushwork, lush scenery and deep realm.

Kun can loved painting all his life. He gave up his career when he was young. At the age of 20, he cut his hair and became a monk and traveled to famous mountains. In his thirties, the Ming Dynasty perished. He Tengjiao joined the anti-Qing team in Nanming, and took refuge in Peach Blossom Garden in Changde after the anti-Qing failed. The war forced him to flee to the mountains. Regarding his experience in the jungle of the ancient temple, Cheng Zhengqi's biography of Xi Shi contains: "Shen Jia evaded troops in the depths of Taoyuan, with strange mountains and rivers and strange trees, and his ghosts are hard to say; Sleeping somewhere, or washing water with a stone pillow in the stream, or an ape lying on the back of a snake, or drinking with blood instead, or drowning to warm your feet, or sheltering from the rain, suffered all kinds of troubles in March. " Although the dangerous jungle life made him suffer a lot, it gave him a good opportunity to feel strange nature, enriched the valley in his chest, and created landscape paintings for later. "

Kuncan, who likes to visit famous mountains and rivers all his life, has a deep understanding and observation of the broad artistic conception of nature, and finally settled in the Youqi Temple in Niushou Mountain. He once claimed to have "three shames" in his life: "I have tasted shame and never experienced the mountains of the world; I am also ashamed that I am too dull-sighted to read thousands of books. I am ashamed that I never remember being taught by a wise man. "

Kun Can is a versatile poet and painter. He is good at drawing figures and flowers, especially landscape painting. He is the father of Huang and Wang Meng. His paintings are based on the metabolism of the Ming Dynasty, and his techniques reach the four masters of the Yuan Dynasty and even the Northern Song Dynasty. He said: "If Jing, Guan, Dong and Ju are four people, they can have their own ideas, but there is only one person. Ju Ran is comparable to the former, saying that I can't continue to trace it. " He followed Xie's example, changed his blunt habit, learned Yuan Sijia's and Dong Qichang's painting methods, and at the same time dared to renovate them deliberately, "changing their methods and using them", and used calligraphy to express his paintings instead of imitating others. Huang summed up his characteristics as "falling rocks and withered vines, with hourglass marks on the cone, which can be applied to painting with the ingenuity of calligraphers." Paying attention to emotion, painstakingly painting and pen and ink skills are his unique strategies. In the past, some famous mountains and rivers were painted by our ancestors. His paintings have a unique style and a new look, which is different from others' handwriting.

Kun can's landscape paintings are well organized, complicated and rigorous, lush and not crowded, and the scenery does not win with novelty, but sees profundity in the ordinary; The brushwork is vigorous, dignified, vigorous and barren; Make good use of vigorous bald pen and thirsty ink, rubbing and dyeing layer by layer, blending pen and ink, thick but not stagnant, bald but not dry; Most of these rocks are made of Jie Suocun and Pima and coated with thick ink, which makes them look deep and lush. His works are based on real mountains and rivers, and have the artistic realm of "extraordinary, profound and fascinating". Kun can loved painting all his life. He gave up his career when he was young. At the age of 20, he cut his hair and became a monk and traveled to famous mountains. In his thirties, when the Ming Dynasty perished, he joined He Tengjiao's anti-Qing team in Axis of the Blue Sky in the Southern Ming and Qing Dynasties. I am ashamed. I never remember being taught by a wise man. His works are based on real landscapes and have the artistic realm of "extraordinary, profound and fascinating".

Figure introduction

Color, paper, vertical axis.

Tip: It snows fast in Chuqing, and it smells scattered across the river bank. The underwater sound is high and low, and the mountains are one after another. Mud slides up, one vine and one mountain divide. Full of songs, clear and evil. In the summer of June, Renyin worked in the big rest hall, and the Taoist priest was able to live halfway up the mountain.

Seal: (white), bald head (Zhu)

This painting depicts a hermit in red walking in the middle of a mountain road after snow. The mountains in the distance are covered with clouds, and the houses are built under the forest. The composition is safe, complex and compact, and the scenery is lush and not crowded. The scenery does not win by novelty, but it is deeply hidden in the ordinary. The artistic feature is that Kun can is good at painting figures and flowers, especially fine landscapes. Learn from Huang and Wang Meng, especially close to Wang Meng. His painting style is rigorous, his brushwork is vigorous, he likes to use bald pen, he is thirsty for ink, and he rubs and dyes layer by layer, which affects and evaluates Kun Can's lofty reputation among the adherents of the late Ming Dynasty.

Kuncan fans with artistic features are good at drawing figures and flowers, especially fine landscapes. Learn from Huang and Wang Meng, especially close to Wang Meng. His painting style is rigorous, his brushwork is vigorous, he likes to use bald pen and thirst for ink, rubbing and dyeing layer by layer, thick but not dull, lush and full, good at writing ordinary scenery, plain and profound. Together with Shi Tao, Hong Ren and Zhu Da, they are also called "Four Monks of Qing Dynasty". His works are good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, and he is good at landscape flowers. The landscape painters studied under Wang Meng and Huang, and Dong Yuan, Dong Qichang,. Learn from others' strengths, develop and change, learn from nature, watch and experience various famous mountains and rivers during the trip. The landscape painting is full of composition, heavy mountains and complex waters, with spirit in density, good use of bald front to paint rocks and trees, and heavy and light ink to render it vigorous and dignified, revealing the artistic conception of wealth and elegance, and gaining the quality of ethereal and dense water and rich Jiangnan elegance. His paintings were very famous at that time and had a great influence on later generations. Later generations called him "Two Stones" with Shi Tao, and "Four Monks in the Early Qing Dynasty" with Jianjiang, Zhu Da and Shi Tao. There are Hoonji map, Yundong Liu Quan map, Stratified Rock Gully map, Rain Scouring Mountain Root map, etc. On painting, it said: "Dong Huating (in its heyday) said:' Painting and Zen have the same purpose, otherwise Zen needs to be realized, and it is not made by labor. Therefore, Yuan people talk about character, Song people talk about charm, and character can come naturally, but charm can't be understood. "While advocating diligence, we also advocate that painting should have a' wonderful understanding', which does not mean that you can gain the charm of painting by hard work.

Kun Can enjoyed a high reputation among the adherents of the late Ming Dynasty, and his paintings attracted worldwide attention. Zhou Liang Gong, a famous scholar and connoisseur at that time, admired and attached great importance to Kun Can's character and painting. He wrote a biography for him in Reading Pictures, saying, "His character is superb in pen and ink ... but his painting is very good, but it is too light for others." In Kun Can's Imitation of Rice Landscape Book, Yoko commented on this old friend: "How many people say that poetry comes from the heart?" How many people can teach the world? ..... This picture is self-defeating. I'm afraid the Mi family father and son are everywhere. The so-called don't hate me for not seeing Kuncan ancients, and hate the ancients for not seeing my ears. "He thinks Kun Can's poems express his spirit; Kun Can's paintings are natural, even better than Mi Fei and his son in Song Dynasty. Kun can's Buddhism is directed at his true nature, and there is no such thing as becoming a monk. Zhang Geng's biography of Kun Can, a collection of Chinese dynasty paintings, said: "The stones and mountains and rivers are exquisite, the Austrian mountains and rivers are extraordinary, and Myanmar is deep and charming. Pen and ink Gu Zhuo, exquisite color, Cheng Yuanren's victory is almost the same. This kind of brushwork has disappeared for a long time in the world! "This passage shows that Kun Can's paintings have won the essence of everyone in Yuan Zhen. In short, for more than 300 years, Kun can has been influencing the painting world with his noble spirit of paying equal attention to character and painting, and has become a monument in the minds of painters.