Latin name snow lotus. Ekir. Etmaxim。
Chinese name Xuelian
Latin scientific name compositae
China compositae language family
Protection level 3
Distributed in Xinjiang/Tibet/Qinghai/Gansu and other places.
condition
It is on the verge of extinction. Saussurea involucrata is distributed in the mountains in the northwest of China. This is a very effective medicinal plant. Due to excessive excavation, the seed germination rate is low, reproduction is difficult and growth is slow. If effective measures are not taken and strictly protected, it will be in danger of extinction.
If this continues, it will be extinct within 10 years.
Altitude lower limit (m) 2400
Height limit (m) 4000
morphological character
Perennial herb, height 15-25 (-35) cm; Rhizomes are thick and dark brown, and most of the brown stem fibers remain at the base. Stem solitary, erect, hollow, 2-4 cm in diameter, glabrous. The leaves are dense, nearly leathery, green, oblong or ovoid, about14cm long and 2-4cm wide, the apex is blunt or slightly sharp, the base is drooping, the edge is sparsely serrated, papillary glandular hairs, the uppermost bract is 13- 17, the membrane is transparent and light yellow, and the edge is neat and sparse. Head inflorescence 10-30, gathered at the stem tip, spherical; The involucre is hemispherical, with 3-4 layers, nearly membranous, lanceolate, acute, with black edges and one hair; The floret is purple, about 14 mm long. Achene rectangle with longitudinal edges; The crown has two layers, the outer layer is short and rough, and the inner layer is long and feathery.
characteristic
Saussurea involucrata usually grows below the snow line in high mountains. The climate is changeable, hot and cold, and rain and snow alternate. The monthly average maximum temperature is 3-5℃, the monthly average minimum temperature is -L9-2 1℃, the annual precipitation is about 800 mm, and the frost-free period is only about 50 days. The soil is mainly alpine meadow soil, with organic matter content of 8.5- 1 1% and nitrogen content of 4.5- 10%. Due to the harsh environmental conditions, ordinary plants are difficult to grow, and there are only a few cold-tolerant and low-temperature tolerant Carex plants. Kobresia .. all kinds of alpine perennial herbs are related to it. Saussurea involucrata grows slowly in this harsh mountain condition, and it will take at least 4-5 years to blossom and bear fruit. However, due to its short growth period, it can germinate, grow, blossom and bear fruit quickly in a short time. It blooms in July and bears fruit in August.
Protect value
Saussurea involucrata is a rare medicinal plant in high mountains, so it is of great scientific and medical significance to protect its germplasm resources.
protection measures
It is suggested that nature reserves should be established in Yili or Altai Mountain where Saussurea involucrata is concentrated, and key protection should be given.
Key points of cultivation
Reproduce with seeds. However, when this kind of seed matures, it is already the snow season in the alpine mountain area, so it is difficult to collect seeds, which leads to difficulties in introduction and cultivation. It is suggested that the biological characteristics of fruiting and germination of Saussurea involucrata should be studied in nature reserves, and the introduction and cultivation of Saussurea involucrata and the transplantation of its original habitat should be carried out.
Additional remarks
Saussurea involucrata is a herb of Saussurea in Compositae. It grows on the high mountain slope with an altitude of 4800-5800 meters, and grows in the rubble near the snow line. There are more than 20 species of plants in this subgenus, most of which are produced in China Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas.
There are seven species in Tibet: (1) Saussurea himalayana, which produces Yadong and Nyalam; (2) Saussurea involucrata, producing Basu, Bomi, Jiacha, Cuona and Yadong; (3) Saussurea involucrata, producing Naidong and Cuona; (4) Saussurea involucrata, producing Shenzha, Nanmulin, Zhongba, Pulan and Zada; (5) Wrong snow lotus, wrong subject; (6) Saussurea involucrata produces Jilong; (7) Saussurea medusa is widely distributed in the whole region. The above seven kinds of medicinal materials can be used as medicine, which has the functions of dispelling cold, strengthening yang, enriching blood and warming uterus; Mainly used for treating gynecological diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney deficiency, lumbago and other diseases. Saussurea medusa also has cardiotonic effect.
Zhao Xuemin's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Qing Dynasty recorded in the operation that "there is snow in cold areas, which will persist in spring and summer, and there is grass in the snow, like lotus, and Tingting snow is lovely" and "there is snow in Tianshan Mountain, and there is lotus in Xia Xue in winter, with the top of Tianshan Mountain as the first". Nature and taste: bitter, slightly bitter and warm; Indications: clearing away heat and toxic materials, expelling wind and removing dampness, reducing swelling and relieving pain. It can be used for head trauma, gynecological diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, apoplexy and mountain sickness, and for external use to reduce swelling.
use
Liquor: Saussurea involucrata 50g liquor 500ml, soaked for 10 day, 30-50ml per day. Bleeding from knife wound: this product is ground into fine powder for external application.
Efficacy and toxicity of Saussurea involucrata.
Tibetans divide Saussurea involucrata into male and female. It is said that the female can be eaten raw, which is sweet and the male is bitter. In plant taxonomy, Saussurea involucrata can be divided into subgenus Saussurea and subgenus Mountain hare. There are 30 species of Saussurea 13 and Mountain hare 17 in Tibet.
Saussurea involucrata is not only produced in Tibet, but also distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan. The whole herb of Saussurea involucrata is used as medicine by people all over the country. It is mainly used to treat snow disease, toothache, rheumatoid arthritis, impotence, irregular menstruation, erythema and leucorrhea. Indian folks also come to Xuelian to treat many patients with chronic diseases. Such as gastric ulcer, hemorrhoids, bronchitis, heart disease, nosebleeds, snake bites, etc. Saussurea involucrata has a long history as a Tibetan medicine. It is recorded in Tibetan medical literature "Wang Yue Yao Zhen" and "Four Medical Codes".
Saussurea involucrata contains bioactive components. Among them, umbelliferone has obvious antibacterial, antihypertensive, sedative and spasmolytic effects; Scopolamine has the functions of expelling wind, diminishing inflammation, relieving pain, eliminating phlegm and resisting tumor. The clinical effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine in treating acute and chronic bronchitis is 96.6%. Apigenin has the effects of smooth muscle spasmolysis and anti-gastric ulcer. It has obvious cholagogic effect on antelope benzophenone. Of particular interest is colchicine contained in Saussurea involucrata, which is a typical representative of cell mitosis and can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Clinically, it is used to treat cancer, especially breast cancer, and also has certain curative effect on skin cancer, leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. Has special effect on acute attack of gout. It can quickly diminish inflammation and relieve pain within 12-24 hours. Long-term use can reduce the number of attacks.
In addition, it also has estrogen-like activity, which can prolong estrus and late estrus, but shorten estrus and early estrus. But colchicine is toxic, which can cause nausea, loss of appetite and abdominal distension. In severe cases, it will cause side effects such as intestinal paralysis, constipation and sore limbs. Because Saussurea involucrata contains colchicine with good curative effect and great toxicity, people should not take more when soaking Saussurea involucrata in wine to treat rheumatoid arthritis and gynecological diseases.
"Shame interacting with grass, He Tingting and unique! Why not be rewarded by others, and the deep mountain poor valley Committee is seriously frosted? " More than 1000 years ago, the frontier poets in the Tang Dynasty also sang Snow Lotus in this way. Saussurea involucrata, also known as Saussurea involucrata, has the functions of dredging meridians and promoting blood circulation, and is mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Across the Tianshan Mountains in central Xinjiang, the ice peaks and snow ridges are continuous, with an altitude of more than 4,000 meters, which is a year-round snow-covered area. It is called the snow line, and Saussurea involucrata grows on the cliffs with an altitude of 3,000 to 4,000 meters below the snow line. Due to the special growth environment, Saussurea involucrata takes three to five years to blossom and bear fruit, and it has always been a valuable Chinese herbal medicine that is difficult to cultivate artificially. In order to save this precious Chinese herbal medicine, in 200 1 year, a merchant established a good environment for artificial cultivation of Saussurea involucrata in a valley deep in Tianshan Mountain, so that we could eat such popular supplements.
Although it is only a dried product of Saussurea involucrata, it still retains the fragrance and certain efficacy of Saussurea involucrata. When cooking, you need to soak for a while, and then bring flowers and water into the dish to fully appreciate the taste of Saussurea involucrata.
The growing environment of Saussurea involucrata
Saussurea involucrata seeds germinate at zero degrees Celsius and grow at three to five degrees Celsius. The seedlings can resist the cold of-2 1 celsius. In an environment where the growth period is less than two months, the height can be five to seven times higher than that of other plants. Although it takes five years to blossom, the actual growth days are only eight months. This is also quite unique in biology. Snow lotus is delicate and charming, which may be the crystallization of changeable and complicated climate! Its roots are black, its leaves are green, its buds are white and its flowers are red, just like the mythical red helmet and ordinary armor. Green nail soap boots. The woman in white with a sword is standing on the ice peak cliff. The place where the wind and snow are mixed constitutes a wonderful picture of Jinshan Temple in the snow.
Morphology and Habitat of Saussurea involucrata in Xinjiang
Regarding the shape and habitat of Saussurea involucrata, Jia Shumo described it in Xinjiang Miscellanies in 1936: "Saussurea involucrata is a compositae herb ... born in the depths of the snow-capped mountains and produced in Baicheng and Hami mountainous areas." Snow lotus has been used in medicine for hundreds of years. Most Han people regard it as a treasure to treat rheumatoid arthritis; Uighurs and Kazakhs are regarded as gynecological medicine. There are many kinds of snow lotus, such as the jellyfish snow lotus. Snow lotus, snow lotus, snow lotus, etc. Compendium of Materia Medica records that Xinjiang Saussurea involucrata is authentic. The products produced by Bogda Peak in Tianchi area are of the best quality and mysterious. In the past, alpine herders met snow lotus on their way, which was considered auspicious and sacred. According to legend, this lotus flower in the snow was sprinkled by the fairy when the Empress Dowager Yaochi went to Tianchi for a bath. Xuefeng, which is more than 5,000 meters above sea level, is a beautiful mirror. Snow lotus is regarded as sacred. Drinking dew on bracts is considered to drive away evil spirits and diseases and prolong life.
Chef recommended
Saussurea involucrata hot pot: The soup made from dried flowers of Saussurea involucrata in Tianshan Mountain exudes a faint fragrance, and blood-activating substances such as Lycium barbarum and ginger are added to increase blood-activating function.
Saussurea involucrata cake: It is made of water soaked in Saussurea involucrata, dried Saussurea involucrata, horseshoe powder, etc. And has another fragrance.
Saussurea involucrata stew chicken
Formula: Saussurea involucrata 30g, Angelica sinensis, Radix Astragali and Radix Codonopsis each 1 0g, and chicken1piece.
Usage: Wash the medicine, stew it with chicken, 1-2 times a day, eat meat and drink soup.
Efficacy: tonify kidney and strengthen yang, regulate and nourish food.
Indications: infertility due to kidney-yang deficiency.
Saussurea involucrata grows on the high mountain slopes at an altitude of 4800-5800 meters, and grows in the rubble near the snow line. There are more than 20 species of plants in this subgenus, most of which are produced in China Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. Liying East Palace
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