Poul henningsen 1894- 1967) Henningsen is a famous Danish designer. Born in Odelapp, he is considered as the most outstanding design theorist in Denmark. He studied at Copenhagen Technical School and Danish Institute of Technology. From 65438 to 0920, Henningsen became an independent architect in Copenhagen, where he successfully designed the interiors of several houses, factories and two theaters. Henningsen's famous work is that he designed many lampshades and lamps in 1924. This work was exhibited at the Paris International Expo in 1925. It was highly praised and won the gold medal. This kind of lamp has won the reputation of "Paris lamp". Henningsen has maintained the exquisite design principle of "Paris lamp" all his life. In addition, he wrote articles for several newspapers and periodicals, farce and poetry for the theater. As can be seen from his works, he is also a sharp social and architectural critic.
Chinese name: Paul Henningsen.
Paul Henningsen
Nationality: Denmark
Place of birth: Lapp, Odei.
Date of birth: 1894
Date of death: 1967
Occupation: Designer
Representative works: PH lamp
all one's life
1) 1894 was born in Odelap.
2) Studying at Copenhagen Technical School and Danish Institute of Technology.
3) 1920 became an independent architect in Copenhagen. During this period, he also wrote articles for many newspapers, farce and poetry for the opera house. As can be seen from his works, he is also a keen social and architectural critic.
4) He is regarded as the most outstanding design theorist in Denmark.
Design concept: Henningsen is the first designer in the world who emphasizes scientific and humanized lighting. As early as the 1920s, he proposed to provide glare-free light and create a comfortable atmosphere. Representative design works: PH series lamps
Design achievement
1) the "PH lamp" designed by Danish designer Henningsen is not only a typical representative of Scandinavian design style, but also embodies the fundamental principle of art design: the perfect unity of technology and art. 2) As early as 1925, it won the gold medal as an outstanding design with the famous architect le corbusier's century-old building "New Spirit Hall", and it is still a best-selling product in the international market. 3)PH lamp becomes the best footnote to interpret the "style without time limit" of Danish design.
Hanning Kazuo Mori has designed more than 40 kinds of PH lamps to meet different lighting needs. Although these lamps have different shapes, they have always followed the above design principles. They are in harmony with the modern indoor environment with good lighting quality and simple and beautiful shape, and complement each other. Besides Henningsen, there are many designers in Denmark, who have created a large number of excellent lamps, all of which have contributed to enriching the light culture tradition in Denmark and even the whole world.
design style
1) inherits and develops the tradition. The five Nordic countries combine modern industrial design with traditional handicrafts. Exquisite and elegant design, rich handmade flavor. 2) The shape is simple and elegant, paying attention to the aesthetic feeling of form, not relying on decoration. 3) A large number of natural materials are used, and the products give people a sense of intimacy and humanization. 4) Perfect combination of form and function. Pay attention to the elegance of form on the basis of functionalism.
design concept
Denmark has a tradition of reasonable and effective lighting, and the design of lamps plays a key role in interior design. The lamp can be a sculpture-like work of art, but more importantly, it can provide glare-free and comfortable light and create a proper atmosphere. This requirement was put forward by Danish designer poul henningsen in the early1920s. Henningsen is the first designer to design lamps according to the scientific functional principle of lighting.
Henningsen is a famous Danish designer and is regarded as the most outstanding design theorist in Denmark. Henningsen's famous work is that he designed many lampshades and lamps in 1924. This work was exhibited at the Paris International Expo in 1925. It was highly praised and won the gold medal. This kind of lamp has won the reputation of "Paris lamp". Henningsen has maintained the exquisite design principle of "Paris lamp" all his life. This kind of lamp later developed into a very successful "PH" series of lamps, which have been selling well to this day. The design features of the PH lamp are: (1) All the light reaches the working face after at least one reflection, so as to obtain soft and uniform lighting effect and avoid clear shadows; (2) And the light source can't be seen from any angle, so as not to irritate the eyes with glare; (3) Compensate the spectrum of incandescent lamp to obtain proper light color. (4) Reduce the brightness of the edge of the lampshade, allow some light to overflow, and avoid excessive indoor lighting contrast. This lamp not only has a high aesthetic value, but also has a very good use effect because it comes from the scientific principle of lighting rather than any additional decoration, which embodies the distinctive characteristics of Scandinavian industrial design.
The development of industrial design in Denmark has been called "the style without time limit". When it comes to Danish industrial design, people will soon think of lamps in Henningsen. In some famous design fairs in the world, Danish industrial design products can always conquer visitors with their concise, modern and very human characteristics. After decades of development, Danish modern design has formed a design art style that combines unity, functionality, modern consciousness and national consciousness.
design feature
Danish lamps not only emphasize reasonable and effective lighting, but also incorporate human factors to protect human eyes in all directions. "Lamps and lanterns should provide glare-free light and create a comfortable atmosphere." As early as the 1920s, Danish designer Paul Henningsen put forward this view. Henningsen is the first designer in the world who emphasizes scientific and humanized lighting. His series of PH lamps are still used by ordinary Danish families. The shape of the PH lamp is like an overlapping shell, and the bulb is completely covered by the lamp body, so that the light source can not be seen from any angle to avoid strong light from irritating the eyes; After one or more reflections, each ray is scattered on the desktop to obtain a soft and uniform lighting effects. Inside the lamp body, the light is divided, thus weakening the brightness of the edge of the lampshade, which is difficult for ordinary ivory glass lampshades to achieve; PH lamps also bias the spectrum of incandescent lamps to red to obtain pleasant light color. It is no exaggeration to say that in Northern Europe, every household's lamps have infiltrated Henningsen's design concept. Because the price of a genuine product is as high as several thousand yuan, most families choose well-made imitations, and the cost of each piece ranges from tens to hundreds of yuan. In terms of materials, it also extends from early stainless steel, brass and paint to paper, synthetic silk and other varieties.
Danes pay more attention to rationality in the use of lamps. Whether living room, dining room or bathroom, the number of lamps and lanterns is very limited, try to avoid large wattage. Take restaurants as an example, they usually only use a chandelier, which is generally kept very low and limited to focusing the light on the dining table; Few people install chandeliers in the bedroom, and usually use two exquisite bedside wall lamps, which can not only eliminate the fatigue of the day, but also create a warm and private atmosphere.
The source of inspiration
Hegel once made such an aesthetic summary of Chinese and western garden buildings: they are close to tall palaces in proportion, the trees are neatly planted and trimmed, and the walls are also trimmed with fences, thus transforming nature into an open-air building. "China's garden buildings are very different in taste, pursuing freedom rather than geometric laws; It is not the abstract beauty of artificial skills, but the rich figurative beauty of nature. Hegel also pointed out that China's garden art architecture "is a kind of painting, which keeps natural things in natural shapes and tries to imitate free nature. "If you have natural talent, you will get natural interest. Comparing China gardens with western gardens, it seems that we can better see the beauty of artistic conception in China gardens. Western gardens highlight the beauty of labor and technology, and the plane three-dimensional geometric figures are clearly visible. All landscape buildings reflect the relationship between square and circle. Western gardens reflect the achievements of geometry, physics and architectural engineering through the relationship of numbers. The pursuit of China's classical garden art is "man-made, but natural". Garden art is deeply influenced by Taoist thought and wins by simulating natural landscape. Breaking the strict symmetrical layout of the central axis can be said to be a reaction to Confucian rational architecture.
"One thousand hectares of Wang Yang, four seasons romantic", transformed the spatial consciousness into a time process, and created a broad and free aesthetic world. In order to create the artistic conception of the garden and create "the image outside the image, the scenery outside the scene", the garden art adopts the methods of coexistence of reality and reality, scene separation, scene isolation and borrowing scenery to organize and expand the space and enrich the aesthetic feeling. In Six Chapters of a Floating Life, Shen Fu talked about the technique of the coexistence of reality and falsehood. He said: "those who are empty, or those who are at the end of their tether, suddenly become enlightened;" Or the porch pavilion has a kitchen and you can drive to another courtyard. If you are free in reality, open the door of the impassable courtyard and reflect it with bamboo and stone. If you are free in reality, there is nothing. Set a short fence on the wall because there is a platform on it, but it is empty. " It can be seen that there is reality in emptiness and emptiness in reality, all in order to expand the sense of space in the viewer's psychology. Space is inherently small, which can increase the level of scenery and make it interesting and diverse. In this way, psychologically, the capacity of space has increased. Borrowing scenery is to guide the viewer's eyes to the scenery outside the garden, thus breaking through the limited space and reaching the infinite space. Tao Yuanming's famous sentence "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan" is the best example of borrowing scenery. The greatest aesthetic feature of China gardens is to attach importance to the creation of artistic realm. The beauty of China classical gardens is not the beauty of isolated buildings, but the beauty of artistic realm.
evaluate
The stage name PH of the famous Danish lighting designer Paul Henning Sen is in his design.
Early in my career, I was a professional.
Engaged in the field of lighting design, so he became one of the early lighting designers in the world and a pioneer in the field of lighting. Lighting design has only been widely accepted by people in recent years and has become a specialized industry.
As a lighting designer, PH has been engaged in lighting design, lighting engineering and writing books. According to his lighting theory, PH thinks that lighting should cover the strong light directly emitted by the light source, and the coverage area should be relatively large, so as to create a beautiful and soft shadow effect, cover large and small objects in the room, and at the same time, use the relatively downward light distribution to produce the effect of closing the building space. In his architectural space lighting theory, the views of common line and overall consciousness run through, which makes his lighting theory formulaic and forms the theoretical basis of his whole lighting construction and lighting design.
PH has carried out numerous lighting designs, including PH lamp and PH system (1926), which perfectly embodies the purpose of his indoor lighting theory. PH system is a kind of lamp umbrella with three different sizes and different surface treatments, which can be used with different types of lamps for different purposes. PH also designed a variety of lighting lamps according to the principle of multi-lamp umbrella used in "PH lamp".
In many lighting projects, he used "PH lamp" as an independent lamp alone or in combination with a large chandelier. According to the same principle, he also designed a special lighting lamp. PH lamp is produced and sold as standard lamp by Louis Paulsen Company. Until today, there are still various PH lamps listed in the company's product catalogue. In addition, the company also produces imitation products of PH lamps according to orders, and no longer sells them as standard lamps in the market. The representative works of PH series were also used by SINGWAYS Furniture Company in the United Kingdom in the new lamps of Machu Picchu series in 2004 to explain the minimalism it has always advocated.
PH is a talented person with strong personality. As a lighting designer, his brilliant achievements have had an extraordinary impact on Denmark and even the whole lighting design industry until today.
works
Henningsen's famous work is that he designed many lampshades and lamps in 1924. This work was exhibited at the Paris International Expo in 1925. It was highly praised and won the gold medal. This kind of lamp has won the reputation of "Paris lamp". Henningsen has maintained the exquisite design principle of "Paris lamp" all his life. This kind of lamp later developed into a very successful "PH" series of lamps, which have been selling well to this day.
1) All the light emitted by the PH lamp reaches the working face after at least one reflection, so as to obtain soft and uniform lighting effect and avoid clear shadows.
2) You can't see the light source at any angle, so as not to irritate your eyes with glare.
3) Compensate the spectrum of incandescent lamp to obtain proper light color.
4) Reduce the brightness of the edge of the lampshade, allow some light to overflow, and avoid too strong contrast of indoor lighting.