1, the first opium war

1840, the British government decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China on the pretext that Lin Zexu and Humen destroyed opium. In June, 47 British ships and 4,000 soldiers, under the leadership of Major General Yi Law and China Commercial Supervision Yi Law, blocked Haikou and the Opium War began.

The Opium War ended in China's failure and reparations. China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, the first unequal treaty in the history of China. China began to plunder land, compensate and negotiate foreign tariffs, which seriously endangered China's sovereignty, became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, lost its independent status and promoted the disintegration of the natural economy.

2. Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China.

1900 On May 28th, the war of armed aggression included eight great powers, including the British Empire, the United States of America, the Third Republic of France, the German Empire, the Russian Empire, the Japanese Empire, the Italian Kingdom and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The total number of United Nations troops invading China is about 50,000. Fully equipped, very powerful. August 1900, Beijing was completely destroyed. Anywhere in Eight-Nation Alliance, murder, arson and robbery! There are countless treasures stolen and robbed in the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and the Summer Palace!

Wade West, commander-in-chief of Eight-Nation Alliance, later admitted that the details of all the losses and robberies suffered by China would never be discovered, but this figure would be extremely important. 190 1 On September 7th, China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which brought unprecedented pain to the country and people at that time.

3. Burning Yuanmingyuan

Xianfeng occupied Yuanmingyuan after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing for ten years. China's defenders were outnumbered, and Wenfeng, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, committed suicide by throwing himself into Fuhai. Chang Ai, who lived in the garden, was scared to death. With the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, British leader Elgin ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan.

3,500 British and French troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire didn't go out for three days. Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned into ruins. In Anyou Palace, nearly 300 eunuchs, maids-in-waiting, and craftsmen were buried in the sea of fire. Turn this world-famous garden into ruins. The fire burned for three days and nights and became a rare atrocity in the history of world civilization.

4. treaty of shimonoseki

The treaty of shimonoseki is an unequal treaty signed by the Qing government of China and the Meiji government of Japan in Shimonoseki, Japan (now Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture) on April 1895. It was originally named Shimonoseki New Testament, and Japan called it treaty of shimonoseki or Nissin Peace Treaty. The signing of treaty of shimonoseki marked the end of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.

Treaty of shimonoseki has benefited Japan enormously and stimulated its aggressive ambition. The national crisis in China is unprecedented, and the degree of semi-colonization has greatly deepened. The treaty met the needs of the imperialist powers to export capital to China, and then the powers set off a frenzy to carve up China.

5, hate and ugly treaty

The Xin Chou Treaty is an unequal treaty with the largest amount of compensation and the most serious loss of sovereignty in China's modern history. This treaty marks that the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China, and China has completely become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which has seriously violated China's sovereignty and brought profound disasters to the people. Since then, the wave of capitalism has begun.

Second, the history of children's struggle in China

1, Yang Jingyu

Yang Jingyu joined the revolution at the age of 2/kloc-0. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/940, he was besieged by the Japanese army and was seriously injured. He could not chew the bark, so he had to swallow cotton and ice cubes in his cotton coat to satisfy his hunger. Yang Jingyu, who was only 35 years old, died heroically when the Japanese army failed to persuade him to surrender and fired indiscriminately.

The cruel Japanese army cut open his body. When he saw that there were only weeds and cotton wool in his stomach, all the invaders who were overwhelmed by the anti-Japanese coalition led by Yang Jingyu froze. In the snowy forest of Changbai Mountain, supporting Yang Jingyu's strength against the enemy is a deep love for the motherland.

2. Liu Hulan

1in the autumn of 946, the army attacked the liberated areas on a large scale, and Wenshui County Committee decided to keep a small number of armed forces and persist in the struggle, and a large number of cadres went up the mountain. At that time, Liu Hulan also received a notice of transfer, but she volunteered to stay and persist in the struggle. 14-year-old female * * * travels in her hometown which has become an enemy-occupied area, secretly mobilizing the masses and cooperating with the armed forces to fight against the enemy.

1947 65438+1October 12, Yanjun suddenly attacked Yunzhou West Village, and Liu Hulan was arrested for being a traitor. Liu Hulan was unmoved by threats and inducements. She lay quietly on the knife seat. Liu Hulan died before 15 years old.

3. Zhao

In order to effectively destroy the enemy in the offensive position, Zhao asked the troops to wait for the enemy to enter within 100 meters, then suddenly attack, bomb with grenades and cut with broadswords. Because the two armies are mixed, enemy planes, artillery and tanks can't play a role. At night, Zhao took advantage of his vigilance and negligence to lead his troops around the enemy's side from the two wings, which caught him off guard and caused heavy casualties.

In the battle, Zhao's leg was injured by a bomb, but he was still injured. He led the troops into hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. After several days of fierce fighting, the enemy's repeated attacks failed and his spirit was frustrated. China's army won the battle of xifengkou. The battle of xifengkou wiped out five or six thousand Japanese troops and dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the enemy.

4. Five strong men of Langya Mountain

In the battle, they were fearless in the face of danger and stopped bravely. When the bullets ran out, they fought back with stones. Facing the approaching enemy, they would rather die than surrender, destroy their guns and jump off a cliff dozens of feet deep without hesitation. The feats of the five soldiers showed lofty patriotism, revolutionary heroism and unyielding national integrity, and were praised by the people as "the five strong men of Langya Mountain".

5. Zhang Zizhong

After the Japanese army heavily encircled General Zhang Zizhong, in order to contain the main force of the Japanese army, our army launched an anti-encirclement campaign against the Japanese army. General Zhang bravely killed the enemy and was shot seven times in the end. General Zhang Zizhong left his last words on his deathbed: "I fought bloody battles and sacrificed heroically. I ask myself that I have a clear conscience about the country, the nation and the Chief Executive! "

Immediately killed by the Japanese, a generation of famous Zhang Zizhong died heroically. After General Zhang Zizhong's heroic martyrdom, thousands of people in Chongqing cried and worshipped the spirit and gave him a funeral. His subordinates sang "Song of Revenge" with indignation: "The sea can dry up, the stone can rot, and you will never forget the pumpkin shop!" "Said to resolutely revenge for general Zhang Zizhong. In May of the following year, his department shot and killed Japanese chief Takehiko Yokoyama who besieged General Zhang Zizhong in Dangyang area.