Living as a hero and dying as a ghost comes from Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains". The whole poem is:
Live and be a man among men; Die and become the soul in the soul.
Today, people still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to live and returned to the East.
According to the report:
In A.D. 1 127, powerful nomadic people invaded the Central Plains, destroyed the Qionglou Yuyuan Garden in the Song Dynasty, and took away the Hui and Qin emperors. Zhao Songcang fled south. Li Qingzhao and his wife also began to wander and flee. Soon, her husband Zhao Mingcheng was appointed as the magistrate of Beijing Jiankang. One night, there was a rebellion in the city. As a magistrate, Zhao Mingcheng didn't do his duty of commanding repression, but ran away quietly with a rope. After the decision of rebellion, Zhao Mingcheng was dismissed by the court. Li Qingzhao was deeply ashamed of her husband's chicken out. Although there was no quarrel, the harmony between fish and water in the past is gone forever. From then on, she was cold and distant from Zhao Mingcheng. 1/kloc-0 fled to Jiangxi in 28, and they were relatively speechless along the way. Standing in the place where Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, committed suicide after his defeat, Li Qingzhao could not help but imagine and was filled with emotion. Facing the vast river, I recited this poem casually. Zhao Mingcheng stood behind her, and when she heard this, she felt sorry for herself and deeply blamed herself. From then on, he was depressed and soon died of an acute illness.
Appreciate:
The poem borrows the historical story of Xiang Yu, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty, who refused to drag out an ignoble existence and committed suicide in Wujiang after satirizing the surrender and escape from reality of the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, and expresses his thoughts and feelings of hoping to resist Japan and restore his homeland. The sentence "Life is a hero and death is a hero" is particularly powerful. Li Qingzhao's poem, which begins with a pen, is correct and dignified, penetrating people's hearts and pointing directly at people's backs. "Life is a hero, death is a ghost" is not a subtle combination of words, nor is it a clever touch-up of a few words; It is the essence of conciseness, the boldness of spirit and the fearless attitude towards life. That kind of noble spirit, noble meaning, filled between heaven and earth, let ghosts and gods change color in vain. The place of "as" is "as", woman! Thin boneless hands, delicate body, soft interpretation, wrapped around fingers and heart, sad and touching, delicate and touching beyond measure. Because of her consistent writing style, she is known as an "elegant school" in the literary world. When the power of the pen tip is prominent, the power of the pen tip appears. How many people in the world can match this power and momentum? "I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong." The poetess remembered that the fierce overlord of Chu was named Xiang Yu, followed the spirit and integrity of Xiang Yu, and hated the powerful people of the current dynasty for stealing the peaceful political affairs of the Song Dynasty. They all say take a step back and broaden the horizon. A river is the dividing line between life and death, but there is only one thought, which is the difference between life and death. In order to live up to the hero's honor, Xiang Yu innocently became a seven-foot man, innocently entrusted by his elders in Jiangdong, and paid the price for his own death. "no"! It's not "can't", it's not "don't want to", it's not "unwilling" and it's not "not going". The charm of a pen with the word "nothing" is better than uncanny workmanship and higher than heaven and earth. A heroic spirit of "killing without humiliation" and "dying without fear without humiliation" permeates the page and permeates the back of the page, which is self-evident! This poem clearly puts forward the value orientation of life: people should be heroes in life and make contributions to the country; Even if you die, you have to die for your country and become a hero in ghosts. Patriotic passion, beyond words, was really inspiring. The rulers of the southern song dynasty ignored the lives of the people and only cared about their own escape; Abandon the rivers and mountains of the Central Plains and drag out an ignoble existence. Then, the poet remembered Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu broke through to Wujiang River, and the director of Wujiang Pavilion advised him to cross the river quickly, return to Jiangdong and beat the drums again. Xiang Yu felt ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong, so he turned around and killed hundreds of enemy troops, and then committed suicide. The poet lashed out at the shameless behavior of the rulers in the Southern Song Dynasty, and used the ancient times to satirize the present, which was awe-inspiring. There are only twenty words in the whole poem, and three allusions are used in succession, but it's no harm to pile them up, because they are all the poet's voices. The poems that hit the floor are so generous and vigorous, all written by women, which really makes people overwhelmed.
Brief introduction of Li Qingzhao:
Li Qingzhao (1March 084 13-1 155) was born in Zhangqiu, Song Zhouqi (now northwest of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong) and now lives in Jinan. A poetess in Song Dynasty, a representative of graceful and restrained school, was praised as "the first talented woman in history". Born in a scholarly family, he had a good life in his early years, and his father Li had a rich collection of books. She laid a literary foundation in a good family environment when she was a child. After marriage, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words.
There are Yi Lee An Ji, Yi 'an Jushi Anthology and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations compiled Yu Shu Ji and Yu Shu Ci. There is a collection of Li Qingzhao today.
Li Qingzhao's character:
Li Qingzhao, a graceful lyricist, is actually a strong, open-minded, rebellious, keen, brave and patriotic woman. The formation of this character is related to its own personality and origin. "Yi An is natural and unrestrained, but he is competitive" (Long Muxun's "Shu Yu Ci Xu"). Su Ping's "Guess a Sentence to Punish Tea" and "Seek Poetry in the Snow" both prove her self-confident, arrogant and free-spirited character. She is the daughter of Li, who is famous for her articles. Obviously, Li Qingzhao not only inherited his father's literary talent, but also inherited his father's noble character of loyalty to the monarch and love for the people. "Only when he doesn't want to go to the boudoir can he look vertically and overwhelm the man with a pen" (Long Muxun's Narration of Shuyu Ci), which can really be regarded as "outstanding people, ghost heroes".
Introduction to Xiang Yu:
Xiang Yu (232 BC-202 BC), a native of Qin Dynasty (now Suqian, Jiangsu Province), is a representative of China's military thought "Brave School", and is as famous as Sun Wu and Han Xin. In the first year of Qin Ershi (209 years ago), his uncle Xiang Liang revolted in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). After Xiang Liang was killed, he led an army to cross the river to save Zhao Wangxie, and the Battle of Julu wiped out Qin Jun's main force in Zhang Han. After Qin died, he was called the overlord of the place of Chu. After fighting for the world with Liu Bang, they fought the Chu-Han War for four years. In 202 BC, he was defeated (now south of Lingbi, Anhui Province), broke through to Wujiang River (now west of the Yangtze River in Hexian County, Anhui Province) and committed suicide. Xiang Yu was once rated as the most brave and famous military commander in the history of China, calling him "the hero of life and the hero of death".
Xiang Yu's life story:
Young hero:
In 224 BC, Wang Jian, a general of the Qin Dynasty, defeated the Chu army. The following year, Qin Jun attacked Qin 'an (now Suzhou, Anhui), and Xiang Yan, Xiang Yu's grandfather, was defeated and killed. After the demise of Chu, Xiang Yu and his younger brother Xiang Zhuang went into exile with their uncle Xiang Liang in Wuxian (now Suzhou). When Xiang Yu was young, Xiang Liang taught him to read, but Xiang Yu soon got tired of it. Hou Liang taught him martial arts again and soon stopped learning it; Liang is furious! Ji said: "You can remember your name when you study, but you can only beat one person when you learn martial arts. If you want to learn, learn from 10 thousand people! " So Xiang Liang taught him the art of war. But he didn't want to learn after studying for a while, so Liang had to follow him and leave him alone. Xiang Yu was able to carry the tripod when he was young, and his ambition was great. When Qin Shihuang was the governor of Zhejiang, Xiang Yu saw that his horses and chariots were majestic and said to Xiang Liang, "You can replace them." In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu raised their arms in osawa Township and rose up. Xiang Yu responded with the assassination of Wuzhong satrap Yintong by his uncle Xiang Liang. In this campaign, Xiang Yu single-handedly killed nearly 100 Yintong guards, showing his unparalleled martial arts for the first time! Twenty-four-year-old Xiang Yu led 8,000 Wuzhong soldiers to rise up against Qin, thus stepping onto the historical stage.
Hongmen banquet:
After Xiang Yu destroyed Qin Jun's main force, he led the vassal army into Guanzhong. Unexpectedly, Liu Bangjun had got there first and entered Xianyang. Originally, when the Julu of Xiang Yu was at war with the main force of Qin Jun, Liu Bang led another rebel army to take advantage of the main force of Qin Jun to seize the opportunity of Julu, and went to Levin (now southwest of Qixian County, Henan Province) and Vanke (now Nanyang, Henan Province) to enter Wuguan, and successfully entered Bashang (now southeast of Xi City), forcing Zi Ying, the king of Qin, to surrender and occupy Xianyang first. After Liu Bang occupied Guanzhong, he sent troops to retreat and prevented Xiang Yu from entering the customs. Seeing this, Xiang Yu, in a rage, broke into Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi). The two armies of Liu and Xiang were at swords' points, and the contradiction intensified rapidly. At that time, Xiang Yu had more than 400,000 mercenaries and Liu Bang had less than 100,000. Xiang Yu has the intention of destroying Liu Bang's army with superior forces to monopolize Guanzhong. Counselor Fan Zeng also advised him to "hurry up, don't lose." Just as Xiang Yu was about to take action, his uncle leaked the action attempt to Liu Bang. Knowing that he was defeated, Liu Bang wooed Xiang Bo, asked for mediation, and went to Hong Men to express his sincerity. Xiang Yu is a man who lacks strategic mind. He couldn't stand a few good words from Liu Bang, so he changed his plan to destroy Liu. At the banquet hosted by Liu Bang, no matter how Fan Zeng hinted, Xiang Yu could not make up his mind to capture and kill Liu Bang alive. Fan Zeng knew there would be serious consequences when he set the tiger free, so he called Xiang Zhuang and asked him to kill Liu Bang with his sword. Liu bang made an excuse to escape. This is the famous "Hongmen Banquet" in history.