Wei State (65438+February 1 1, 220-February 8, 266) was one of the separatist regimes in the Three Kingdoms period, and later historians often called it Cao Wei. Since the Northern Wei Dynasty was later called the "post-Wei" and Cao Wei was also called the "pre-Wei" or "pre-Wei", it became the most powerful country among the three countries.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was chaos and competition. In the melee of warlords, Cao Cao's power gradually increased, and he controlled the court of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei.

When Cao Cao was awarded the title, he ruled Ye, the seat of Wei Jun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Therefore, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty named him Gong Wei, and later named him Wang Wei. Therefore, after his son Cao Pi inherited Cao Cao's title of Wang Wei, the founding name was Wei.

In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Pi forced Emperor Xiandi of Han Dynasty to abdicate, officially replaced the Han Dynasty, established Cao Wei, made Luoyang its capital, usurped Wei in December of the first year of Taishi (February 8, 266), changed the country name to Jin, and Cao Wei perished.

Cao Wei's founding

In the 18th year of Jian 'an (2 13), Cao Cao was made Duke Wei by Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. In Cao Cao's later years, with the help of Sima Yi, Wu Zhi and other ministers, Cao Pi defeated his younger brother Cao Zhi in the dispute over inheritance rights and was made a prince.

After Cao Cao's death, Cao Pi succeeded Wang Wei, accepted Chen Qun's suggestion, set up a nine-level system, put down three Hu rebellions in Jiuquan, Zhangye and Wuwei successively, and recovered three counties. In the first year of Huang Chu, Xin Weiri (1 1 February, 220), Cao Pi saw that the time was ripe and proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Han Dynasty, changing Huang Chu to Luoyang and making Luoyang its capital.

After Cao Pi ascended the throne, he insisted on monopolizing power and set up a Chinese book province, whose officials were replaced by scholars. Originally, the responsibility of drafting imperial edicts was transferred to the officials of Zhongshu Province, and the right of confidentiality was gradually transferred to Zhongshu Province.

At the same time, the power of eunuchs and consorts was restricted, and laws were promulgated, such as "no official can pass orders from ministries", "no minister can serve the empress dowager, and no children's family can serve as an auxiliary government or be subject to the rank of common people", which ensured that Wei would never cause a political crisis because eunuchs and consorts interfered in politics. Cut off the power of the princes.

The fiefs of Cao Wei vassals often changed, and they had no political power or military power. Their actions are strictly monitored, just like prisons. Although this policy drew lessons from the experience of insurrection in the Han Dynasty, it left a hidden danger, which weakened the clan power and could not prevent foreign ministers from seizing power in the future.

Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Cao Wei