Wen Tianxiang, whose name is Sun Yun, has an auspicious word. After Gong was selected, she changed her name to Tianxiang, and her handwriting improved. Bao You won the first prize in four years (1256), and was later renamed Song Rui. After living in Wenshan, it was named Wenshan. Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi) people. Outstanding national hero [1] Military strategist, patriotic poet and politician in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His works include The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan and Wenshan Yuefu, and his famous works include Song Zhengqi, Crossing Zero and Ding Yang. Song Lizong was the top scholar in the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), and was also called "the three outstanding men in the late Song Dynasty" with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie. His poems in his later years are impassioned, desolate and tragic, with strong appeal, reflecting his loyal national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. 1283 65438+1passed away generously at Caishikou, Beijing, on October 9th (the 9th day of the second lunar month), at the age of 47. Wen Tianxiang wrote a lot of poems in prison, and his works such as Crossing Ding Yang and Song Zhengqi have become the last words of the ages and are symbols of the Chinese national spirit.
[Edit this paragraph] The life of the character
/kloc-at the age of 0/9, Wen Tianxiang won the first place in Luling Township School Examination. The following year (the fourth year of Baoyu), he entered Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). In the same year, he chose Gong in Jizhou and went to Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, with his father to take the exam. In the imperial examination, he pertinently put forward the "imperial examination strategy", put forward the reform plan and expressed his political ambition. Song Lizong was the first in the pro-election, and he became Jia Sidao's favorite pupil. Examiner Wang Yinglin said, "He is like a turtle mirror, loyal to his liver as a stone, and dares to congratulate others." But four days later, his father died, and Wen Tianxiang went home to mourn for three years. In the early Qing Dynasty (1259), Mongolian troops attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and eunuch Dong asked to move the capital to avoid the enemy's front. Wen Tianxiang invited Dong to cut it to boost people's hearts and offer a plan to defend against the enemy, which was not adopted. Later, he successively went to Zhongshu, and served as a naval officer, a punishments officer, a Jiangxi officer, a Shangshu Zuosi officer, a Hunan officer and a Ganzhou officer. In the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the traitor Jia Sidao.
In the first month of the first year of Deyou, Song Gongdi (1275), due to the massive attack of the Yuan army, the defense line of the Yangtze River in Song Jun collapsed, and the imperial court ordered various localities to organize military forces to be diligent. Wen Tianxiang immediately donated his family property as military expenses, recruited local heroes, raised soldiers to work for the king, and said: "Justice is in me, and there is nothing I can do; We organized 30,000 rebels to go to Lin 'an under the slogan "Many people make great efforts to win". In Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the magistrate of Pingjiang Prefecture, ordered to send troops to rescue Changzhou, and then ordered him to rescue Shangguan alone. Due to the fierce offensive of the Yuan Army, Jiangxi rebels fought bravely, but eventually failed because of isolation. There were only six people left in the end.
In the first month of the following year, the Yuan army arrived in Lin 'an, and civil and military officials fled. Empress Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the left prime minister and Tang Dynasty envoy (Lai, the commander of the Yangtze River in Xiangyang), and sent him out of the city to negotiate in an attempt to make peace with the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang went to Yuan Army Camp, hoping to spy on Mongolian military intelligence through negotiations. During the negotiation, Wen Tianxiang refuted and accused Bo Yan. At the same time, however, the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court sent people to Wen Tianxiang military camp to announce the dissolution of Wen Tianxiang's army. Bo Yan learned that Wen Tianxiang's army had been disbanded and ordered his arrest. At this time, the Yuan army occupied Lin 'an, but Huaibei, Jiangnan, Fujian and Guangxi were not completely controlled and occupied by the Yuan army. So, Bo Yan tried to seduce Wen Tianxiang and use his reputation to clean up the mess as soon as possible. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender, so Bo Yan had to escort him to the north. When Wen Tianxiang was sent to Zhenjiang, he had to be rescued by local volunteers. At this time, the court of the Southern Song Dynasty had surrendered, Emperor Gong was taken to Yuan Dadu, and Lu Xiufu and other seven sons, Song Duanzong, acceded to the throne in Fuzhou. On May 26th, the first year of Jingyan (1276), Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the envoy of the Tang Dynasty and concurrently served as the commander-in-chief of various military forces. He set up a governor's office in Nanjian Prefecture (now Nanping, Fujian Province) and sent people to various places to raise soldiers and pay their salaries to continue the war against the Yuan Dynasty. In autumn, the Yuan army invaded Fujian, and Duanzong was forced to flee to the sea and drift in Guangdong by boat.
In July, Wen Tianxiang was extremely dissatisfied with Zhang Shijie's autocratic politics and disagreed with Chen, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty to go to the DPRK and set up a government in Nanjian House (now Nanping, Fujian), where he was the viceroy and commanded the anti-Yuan.
10, Wen Tianxiang moved to Tingzhou, Liancheng and other places, and sent special envoy Wu Jun to contact anti-Yuan rebels all over the country to persist in the struggle.
In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Yuan soldiers marched in and Wen Tianxiang tried to repel the enemy according to Liancheng. Huang Quji, commander of Tingzhou garrison, heard that the emperor had sailed out to sea, and the county soldiers had infidelity. Wen Tianxiang moved to Longyan one by one. In February, Wen Tianxiang led an army to attack Meizhou. In April, Zhixia sent troops from Meizhou to attack Jiangxi after killing two domineering generals. At this time, the national heroes responded to the anti-yuan and ordered Jianghuai. After Du Yu (now Du Yu, Jiangxi) won a great victory, he moved to Ganzhou, attacked Jizhou with one division, and successively recovered many counties. In Yuan Dynasty, Xuanwei of Jiangxi made Hengli launch a counterattack in Xingguo County. Wen Tianxiang was defeated, his wife and children were separated, and the remnants were taken in. He followed his mother back to Liancheng, begged the soldiers to raise them again, and then moved to Zhou Xun.
In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that Duanzong had died, and his younger brother Zhao Min, who succeeded to the throne, moved to Yashan, and was appointed as a disciple of lord protector and lord protector. In order to get rid of the predicament, he asked the army to join forces with the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to Zhang Shijie's resolute opposition, Wen Tianxiang had to give up and lead the army back to Chaoyang County. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan Army launched a massive attack, and Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Hong Fan of Bird on his way to Haifeng. Wen Tianxiang army was attacked by Yuan army when cooking in Wupoling, and suffered a heavy defeat. Wen Tianxiang swallowed the borneol with him and tried to commit suicide. He is not dead, but he is in a coma. In a coma, Wen Tianxiang was captured.
Wen Tianxiang was taken to Cliff Mountain by Zhang Hongfan and asked to write a letter to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said, "I can't protect my parents. Can I teach others to betray their parents? " Zhang Hongfan didn't listen, forcing Wen Tianxiang to write again and again. Wen Tianxiang also copied a poem he wrote a few days ago, Crossing Ding Yang, to Zhang Hongfan. Zhang Hongfan read that "life has never died since ancient times, and it needs a heart to shine." Two words, can not help but also moved, no longer forced Wen Tianxiang. Twenty days after writing Crossing the Zero Ocean, after the disastrous naval battle of Yashan in the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with his eight-year-old young emperor Zhao Min on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Zhang Hongfan asked Yuan Shizu how to deal with Wen Tianxiang, and Yuan Shizu said, "Who doesn't have a loyal minister?" Zhang Hongfan was ordered to be polite to Wen Tianxiang, and Wen Tianxiang was sent to Dadu (now Beijing) to go on a hunger strike for eight days without dying. Detained in Fu Xue Hutong, Beijing.
Kublai Khan loved talents, and first sent Liu, the former prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who had fallen to the Yuan Dynasty, to present Wen Tianxiang's statement to persuade him to surrender. When Wen Tianxiang saw Liu's great anger, Liu had to leave angrily. Yuan Shizu demanded the surrender of Song Gongdi and Zhao Xian, who had reduced the yuan. Wen Tianxiang knelt on the ground in the north, crying, and said to Zhao Xian, "Come back!" Zhao Xian has nothing to say, disgruntled. Yuan Shizu was furious and ordered to tie Wen Tianxiang's hands and put on a wooden cangue. Put him in a military cell. Wen Tianxiang was in prison for more than ten days, but the jailer let him go. It was half a month before he took off the wooden yoke.
Kyle Polo, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, personally held a trial to interrogate Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was taken to the hall of the Privy Council, towering away, just bowed to Kyle Poirot. Kyle Poirot called on Wen Tianxiang to kneel. Wen Tianxiang struggled to sit on the ground and never gave in. Kyle Poirot asked Wen Tianxiang, "What do you have to say now?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "There are ups and downs in the world. The destruction and slaughter of the country have occurred throughout the ages. I am loyal to Song, I just want to die early! " Kyle Poirot flew into a rage and said, "Are you going to die? I won't let you die. I want to detain you! " Wen Tianxiang was fearless and said, "I would rather die for justice than be imprisoned!" "
From then on, Wen Tianxiang spent three years in prison. In prison, he received a letter from his daughter Liu Niang and learned that his wife and two daughters were slaves in the palace and lived like prisoners. Wen Tianxiang knew that her daughter's letter was a hint from Yuan Ting: as long as she surrendered, her family could be reunited. However, Wen Tianxiang doesn't want to lose his integrity because of his wife and daughter, although his heart ached. In his letter to his sister, he said, "I am very sad to receive a letter from Miss Liu. Who has no wife, children, flesh and blood? But now, it is a kind of life to die without hesitation. what can I do? What a pity! ..... can make Liu Nv and Huan Nv become good people, but dad can't. Tears choked and choked. "
Prison life was hard, but Wen Tianxiang endured the pain and wrote many poems. Immortal masterpieces such as the third volume of the Guide and Song of Justice were all written in prison.
In the 19th year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (1282) in March, the powerful minister Ahema was stabbed, and Yuan Shizu ordered that Ahema be deprived of his family wealth, tracing back to Ahema's sins and appointing Helihuo Sun as the right prime minister. Li and Hawthorne put forward the idea of governing the country by Confucianism, which was recognized by Yuan Shizu. In August, Yuan Shizu asked the minister, "Who is the prime minister of the North and the South?" Ministers replied: "Northerners are like Lu Ye Chu Cai, and southerners are like Wen Tianxiang." Therefore, Yuan Shizu issued an order to grant senior officials in Wen Tianxiang prominent positions. Some of Wen Tianxiang were demoted to Yuan's old friends, and immediately informed Wen Tianxiang about it and persuaded Wen Tianxiang to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang refused. 1February 8th, Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and surrendered himself. Wen Tianxiang is still bowing to Yuan Shizu. Yuan Shizu didn't force him to kneel. He just said, "You've been here for a long time. If you can change your mind and be loyal to me in the Song Dynasty, I can give you a position in Zhongshu Province. " Wen Tianxiang replied, "I am the Prime Minister of DaSong. The country is dead, and I just want to die quickly. It is not suitable for a long time. " Yuan Shizu asked again, "What do you want?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "I wish death were enough!" Yuan Shizu was very angry and ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed immediately.
The next day, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the execution ground in Chaicheng. The beheading officer asked, "What does the Prime Minister have to say? Playing back can also save you from death. " Wen Tianxiang shouted, "What can you say when you are dead?" He asked the prison officer, "which way is the south?" Someone showed him the direction, and Wen Tianxiang bowed down to the south and said, "My business is over, and my heart is clear!" So he was sentenced to neck punishment and died calmly at the age of 47. Shortly after the execution, Russia had an imperial edict to stop it. However, Wen Tianxiang is dead. Kublai Khan said regretfully, "Good people are not for us. It's a pity to really kill him. " Wen Tianxiang's wife, Ouyang Shi, found her perfect pen in his belt when she collected the body: "Confucius said that we should be benevolent, while Mencius said that we should take justice, only benevolence is the best. What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Every now and then, I have no conscience. " Wen Tianxiang died without regret, and his lofty integrity remained immortal.
Wen Tianxiang's life has left many immortal poems for people, and his spirit deserves our extensive praise!
[Edit this paragraph] List of works
Crossing the ocean of zero
Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.
The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and follow history.
the Yangtze River
I swam downwind in Beihai for a few days and came back from the head of the Yangtze River.
My heart is a magnet, which doesn't mean that the South won't rest.
Nanjian county governor sixty-fourth
Spring is far away from the sword, and Jiangge is near the stone surface.
The shogunate is full of talents, and no one can see it today.
Hang Mrs. Huili
Millions of brave dogs and sheep were swept away, and the mountain Wan Li at home was closed.
If a man is unfair and strong, he will die ashamed of Mingxi Shenqi Niang.
Song Zhengqi
Heaven and earth are upright, in many ways. Below is the Yuehe River, and above is the sun star. People call it awe, which is overwhelming.
The road to the emperor should be clear, including the Ming court. When you are poor, you can see it, one by one. In the history of Qi Taishi Jane, in the east of Shanxi Hu Bi.
Chasing in Zhang Liang, Qin, and on Emperor Wudi's Day. As the head of General Yan, he is endowed with the blood of Ji. Raise your teeth for Zhang Xun and spit your tongue for Yan Changshan.
Or for Liaodong's hat and Qing dynasty. Li bingxue Or for a model, a crying hero. Or to cross the river and swallow Hu Jie generously.
Still want to hit a thief, the vertical head is broken. It takes qi as its power, and it lasts forever. When it runs through the sun and the moon, life and death are at peace.
The earth depends on it, and the Tianzhu depends on it. Three cardinal principles are life and morality is the root. To Li Yangjiu, the official tone is also ineffective.
Chu prisoners carry crowns, and carts send them to the poor north. Tripods are as sweet as cups and are hard to get. There is a jack-o'-lantern in the darkroom, and the spring courtyard is closed and dark.
Cattle and horses share a bar of soap, and chickens live in phoenix. Once it is foggy, it is divided into ditches and barren areas. If it is so hot and cold, it is easy to get rid of it.
Hey, I'm on the battlefield and I'm happy for my country. Is he clever? Yin He won't be a thief. I care about this. Look up at the clouds.
My heart is sad and the sky is extremely high. The days of philosophers are far away, and the punishment is over. Reading on the eaves of the wind, painting on the ancient road.
Breaking bad words
Confucius said to be benevolent, Mencius said to take justice and only do its righteousness, so it is benevolent.
What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, I have no conscience.
The Moon on the Yangtze River
The water and sky are vast, and I hate the east wind and the British affairs in the world. I can't bear to see through the city among the remnants of Wu Hua, a Shu bird.
Bronze sparrow Chun Qing, golden autumn tears, who hates this snow? Open firm but gentle, bullfight empty recognition of Qi Jie.
That letter Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life traveling south to Wan Li. It was a ship. I want to leave a drunken eye for Ou Meng, and I want to look at the clouds carefully.
Win by swallowing the column, go back to the flag, and be crowned through the ages. With insomnia, Qinhuai should be a lonely moon.
The Moon on the Yangtze River
Gankun can be great, but it's not what's in the pool. There is no place to worry about the wind and rain, and it is colder.
Cross-cutting poetry, going upstairs to write poetry, everything is snowing in the air. If the river flows like this, there will be Yingjie.
I can laugh at a leaf and drift away, and then come to Huaishui, which is the breeze. In the mirror, Zhu Yan is gone, but Dan Xin is hard to disappear.
Going to Longsha, looking back, the front line is as green as hair. Old friends should remember that there is a waning moon on the branches of azaleas.
The Moon on the Yangtze River
Lushan Mountain is still desolate, and the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is infinite. The sky is green and sunny, and the sweat is pervasive, which also blocks half of the East.
Wild geese cross the lonely peak, apes return to danger, and the wind and waves turn over the snow. Gan Kun is not old, but there are still talents in the world.
Just like a boat drifting, the river is falling, and the guests' dreams are urging Faming. Nanpu idle clouds grass tree, look back, the flag goes out.
Thirty years and ten years later, there are stars in the sky. Late at night, on hearing this, Hu Jia blew through the cold moon.
Qinyuanchun
What's wrong with dying for filial piety and loyalty? Since the honor is divided, the scholar has no integrity, and the monarch and the minister have no righteousness, whoever bears it.
Scold thieves and despise young people, love Yuan, and enjoy eternal fame. Later, there were no two public exercises.
Life is dying. Let's have a good fight. So that at that time, he betrayed the country, willingly surrendered to Lu, was reviled by others and felt at ease.
The ancient temple is quiet and gloomy, with elegant appearance, and the west Western jackdaw has fallen a few times. There is an adulterer under the post booth. Think it over.
Niannujiao
Where is it? It sounds hollow, but it sounds like a bell. Wang Liping sailed out of Hongliang fishing market in Hengxueling, Pingjiang.
If god drives you and you obey the emperor, you will have an epiphany. Nanyang is full of enthusiasm, which still exists today.
Think of Su Wu's poverty, spend the night in first frost, and watch wormwood sing coldly. The soldiers still hurried away, rustling and waving flags.
The moon is white and bright, the clouds are frozen and cracked, and the fields are sad. My soul is in prison and I am in this world.
Niannujiao
Covered with cloud cages, all over the countryside, as far as the eye can see. At this point, the green hills are discolored, which is the beginning of Qiongtai.
The fishing boat is foggy, the firewood is lost, and the makeup cream. The child is short and short, with three high temples.
Jiangcheng dreams of Luo Fu, following in Yin Hao's footsteps, Mr. Dong Guo's shoes. I'm going to camp in an earthen house with Yuan and lie on the height of six flowers.
This is a cold day, who said that water town, eternal lonely minister tears. Lu Xianbai, muddy doubt white Liu Ji.
Man Jiang Hong
In the Swallow House, there are several autumn scenery. Acacia, youth is like a dream, take a trip to the gods.
Muscle jade is dark and slow, and tears obliquely pass through the bud side. The most unprovoked, banana shadow on the screen window, green light rest.
The winding pool is closed and the high platform is destroyed. There is nothing to say about human affairs. Money goes to Nanyang, full of blood.
The world is like a storm and my body is a bright moon. Happy laughter, a good romantic life, flowers are missing.
Man Jiang Hong
How beautiful is the pipa outside the sand? The most bitter thing is that a flower moved from Yao Huang to Xianque.
The queen mother celebrated the banquet, and the immortal's tears filled the golden plate. Listen to the palace, rain twice in the middle of the night and rest.
The clouds are gone and the fragrance is gone. Bronze camels hate it, so to speak. I want a generous man.
Looking back at Zhaoyang leaving dusk, the sad copper finches welcome the autumn moon. I don't want to be like heaven, but I'm short of money.
Man Jiang Hong
Wine Tianshan Mountain, today Xu, sign saddle and rest less. Made of iron, hard-working, strong husband.
Correcting Kun is not a different thing, and the clouds are shining in Wan Li. Laughing all the time and always talking about frogs, why bother?
When the cymbals are blown, the robes are covered with snow. The military power is strong, and the voice is absolutely. Learning to be excellent is an official, and forbearing to be disabled.
Luo Ding has nothing to lose. Who dares ask? The curtains are thin and bloody. Fast three dynasties, filial piety, Tianxin, Anlingque.
Qi Tianle.
South Tower turns to Yinhe Shu, and Yu Di blows plum early. Parrots are sunny, grapes are warm, and a ray of Xiang Yan is clear.
Yaochi is full of spring. I miss peach dew and rosy clouds, chrysanthemum waves and dawn. The robe is full of flowers, and the royal fairy flowers surround the rainbow.
Guan Yu is not old. Called the rock-headed yellow crane and smiled at the shore towel. Sword blows Huai Qing, crosses Chu Dai, and rain washes Sichuan smoke.
Printing yellow is like a bucket. Look at that half inkstone rose, full of willows. When Sha Lu came back, Jin's "The Story of Diexin" had a little wing.
Qi Tianle.
In the evening, I received a letter from Dongfeng. Xiaoxiang is a new green river with bright willows, warm plums and a bunch of flowers in spring.
The silver cicada takes a bath first. The sand goose will return, and the sea is at the beginning. Clouds hold banners and laugh at people drawing diaphragm music.
Star rainbow Yao tree is ethereal, the ring rings and the sky collapses, and the cage is luxurious. Lu Geng copper, ice turns to iron horse, curtain light shakes golden millet.
Slowly lean on bamboo. More respect for Yao, full of embarrassment. Looking back at Gong Lian, I went back to the hospital at night.