all one's life
Young and excellent travel
As a teenager, Du Fu lived a relatively stable and prosperous life because of his superior family environment. He was studious since he was a child, and he was able to write at the age of seven. "At the age of seven, he thought he was strong. He talked about the Phoenix." He is interested in "making the monarch Yao and Shun, and then making the customs pure." When he was a teenager, he was also very naughty. "I remember when I was fifteen, I was a child, as healthy as a yellow calf." Pear and jujube are ripe in August before the court, and the tree day can return to a thousand times. "
Du Fu roamed several times in his youth. At the age of nineteen, he went to Linyi, Shandong. Twenty years old, roaming wuyue for several years. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735), he returned to his hometown to participate in "rural tribute". Twenty-four years in Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam, ranking first from the bottom. His father was Sima in Yanzhou at that time, and Du Fu went to Yanzhou to visit relatives and began a trip to Qi and Zhao.
In April of the third year of Tianbao (744), Du Fu met Li Bai, who was given gold by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, in Luoyang, and they met on a trip to Liang and Song Dynasties. After that, Du Fu went to qi zhou (now Jinan). In the autumn of four years, I went to Yanzhou to see Li Bai. They searched for immortals together, talked about poems and articles, and forged a friendship of "getting drunk in autumn and walking hand in hand with the sun". At the end of autumn, the two men shook hands and said goodbye. Du Fu ended his roaming life of "Zhao Qi is dissolute and Qiu Ma is quite crazy" and returned to Chang 'an.
Bad career
In the sixth year of Tianbao, Xuanzong called the "all-rounder" of the world to Chang 'an to take the exam, and Du Fu also took the exam. Because the Minister of Electric Power Li directed a farce of "leaving no legacy", all the students who took the exam lost the election. The road to the imperial examination is blocked. In order to realize his political ideal, Du Fu had to turn to the door of the powerful and give gifts, but nothing came of it. He lived in Chang 'an for ten years, rushing around offering gifts, unhappy, frustrated in his official career and living in poverty. "He failed to win the first place and was trapped in Chang 'an. "
In the first month of the tenth year of Tianbao, Xuanzong held three ceremonies to worship Taiqing Palace, ancestral temple and heaven and earth. Du Fu then presented three "big gifts" in the winter of the ninth year of Tianbao, which was appreciated by Xuanzong and ordered to be placed in Jixian Hospital. However, he is only eligible to participate in the election and wait for distribution. As the examiner is still Li, he didn't get the official position.
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, Du Fu was awarded the rank of Hexi Commandant, but Du Fu didn't want to be appointed as the official position of "If you don't be Hexi Commandant, you will bend over", so the court changed him to the right guard and led the government soldier Cao (a junior official who was responsible for guarding the staff of armor and managing the access key). Du Fu stayed in Chang 'an for more than ten years because he was 44 years old. In order to make a living, he accepted this useless job. In November, Du Fu went to Fengxian to save his family. When he first entered this country, he heard crying. It turned out that his children starved to death. Based on ten years' experience in Chang 'an and his experiences along the way, he wrote the famous "From Beijing to Fengxian, reciting 500 words".
War and displacement
In November of the 14th year of Tianbao, An Shi Rebellion broke out. In June of the following year, Tongguan fell and Xuanzong fled hastily. In July, Prince Hengli was established in Lingwu as Su Zong. At this time, Du Fu had moved his family to Qiang Village in Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) to take refuge. When he heard that Su Zong ascended the throne, he immediately went north alone in August and defected to Lingwu. Unfortunately, he was captured by the rebels on the way and brought to Chang 'an. Wang Wei, who was captured with him, was closely supervised, but he was not imprisoned because of his small official position.
In April of the second year of Zhide (757), Guo Ziyi's army came to the north of Chang 'an, and Du Fu ventured out of Chang 'an from Jinmen in the west of the city and crossed the confrontation between the two armies to Fengxiang (resources:
/tag _ 17 128A 1。 Aspx) (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province) defected to Su Zong, and was named "Du Shiyi" by Su Zong on May 16th. Unexpectedly, Du Fu quickly angered Su Zong by saving the house, and asked the Third Division for questioning. Fortunately, Prime Minister Zhang Gao saved Du Fu from being recalled by Su Zong in December.
Du Fu joined the army in Tang Suzong from June in the first year of Gan Yuan (AD 758) to autumn in the second year of Gan Yuan (AD 759). Du Fuyuan was appointed as the right-hand man of the DPRK. Because of his outspoken admonition, he angered powerful people and was demoted to Huazhou (now Huaxian County), where he was responsible for sacrifices, ceremonies, schools, elections, medical care and examinations. After arriving in Iowa, Du Fu was very depressed and upset. He often goes to Zhengxian Pavilion on the Xixi River (near the old viewing platform in Xinglin Town today) to relieve his worries. In his poems, such as Tizhengting, Bitter Story of Early Autumn, Independence, and Skinny Horse Travel, he expressed his sigh and resentment at those who were frustrated in their official career, indifferent in the world and treacherous.
Despite personal misfortunes, Du Fu always cared about the country and the people. During the An Shi Rebellion, he always paid attention to the development of the current situation. During this period, he wrote two articles, Guo's Situation in Huazhou and Five Questions about the Examiners in Hehuazhou, offering suggestions for exterminating the Anshi Rebellion and considering how to reduce the burden on the people. When the soldiers and horses of Li, the main force of the rebel army, passed through Huazhou, they wrote a poem "Two Kansai Soldiers Going to Guanzhong for Standby" to express their patriotic enthusiasm.
At the end of the first year of Gan Yuan (AD 758), Du Fu temporarily left Huazhou to visit relatives in Luoyang and Yanshi (both in today's Henan Province). In March of the following year, the battle between Tang Jun and Yecheng (now Anyang, Henan Province) broke out and Tang Jun was defeated. On his way back to Huazhou from Luoyang, Du Fu was deeply touched by the endless disasters brought by the war and the patriotic behavior of people who endured humiliation in the war. He wrote immortal epics-three officials (Xin 'an official, Shihu official, Tongguan official) and three farewell (newly married, resigned, homeless). "I am full of sadness and trouble because people travel far away."
In the summer of the second year of Gan Yuan (AD 759), there was a drought in Huazhou and Guanzhong. Du Fu wrote Summer Sigh and Summer Night Sigh, lamenting the sufferings of China refugees. After beginning of autumn this year, Du Fu felt sad about the dirty politics, gave up his secretarial position in Huazhou to join the army, and went to Qin Zhou in the west (now Tianshui, Gansu). Du Fu wrote more than 30 poems during his tenure in Huazhou.
Du Fu finally arrived in Chengdu after several twists and turns. With the help of Yanwu and others, he built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhuaxi in the west of the city, named Du Fu Cottage.
Also known as "Huanhuacaotang". Later, it was recommended by Yanwu as the festival capital, and the whole family lived in fengjie county, Sichuan.
Two years later, I left fengjie county and moved around Jiangling and Hengyang. In the fifth year of Tang Daizong Dali (AD 770), the poet died on a boat in Xiangjiang River, Hengyang City.
In the last 1 1 year in the southwest, he lived "the same life as others"
In my life, I wrote more than 0/000 poems, such as Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Autumn Prosperity and Sui Yanxing.
family member
Author: anonymous
(paternal) grandfather
Du Fu's grandfather was Du Shenyan in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Shen Yan is very talented, but he is proud of his talent. Shao, Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao are called "Four Friends of Articles". In the first year of Xianheng (670), he was promoted to Jinshi and was appointed as the captain of Jicheng. Then switch to Luoyang city. In 698, in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he was demoted to Jizhou to join the army. But at this time, they offended their colleague Guo Ruoying and Chief Executive Zhou Jizhong, conspired to frame Du and sentenced him to death. Du Fu's uncle, Du Bing, shocked the ruling and opposition parties when he assassinated Zhou Jizhong at the age of thirteen. Du therefore became immortal and was called into the capital by Wu Zetian. Because of his appreciation of his poems, he was given a book, Zuo Lang, and an official to the food department. Later, he was exiled to Fengzhou for colluding with the Zhang Yizhi brothers. But it was quickly summoned back.
parents
Du Fu's father was Du Fu's eldest son, and his biological mother was from Wucheng, Hedong, Qing Dynasty, but he died shortly after his birth, and his father continued to marry Lu. Du Fu was brought up by his aunt. Du Fu had a brother who died young, three half-brothers and a half-sister, and Du Fu often mentioned them in his poems. But Du Fu seldom mentioned his stepmother.
Madame
At the age of 30, Du Fu temporarily interrupted his roaming between Qilu and Zhao Yan, returned to Luoyang, built Lu Soul Villa under shouyangshan in the northwest of Yanshi County, and then married the daughter of Yang Yi, a farmer in hongnong county (changed from Tianbao to Lingbao County). Sinong Shao Qing is the deputy minister in charge of agriculture and finance. He is suitable for the Du Fu family who has been an official for generations. His wife is ten years younger than him. Unfortunately, Du Fu did not make a biography of his beloved wife. Mrs. Yang's name is unknown, but it is mentioned in many places in Du Fu's poems.
Sons and daughters
He has two sons, Wen Zong and Zong Wu, and a daughter, Feng Er.
Calligraphy achievement
Author: anonymous
Du Fu's view of calligraphy creation is very mature and profound. According to the records, his calligraphy style is cursive and cursive, with overall intention, respect for the ancient and magnificent, and emphasis on speed, rhythm, brushwork, ink method and so on. He was also a very profound calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, his praise of the official calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty and his evaluation of Cao Ba and Zhang Xu were enough to make him famous in the history of calligraphy. His theory of "calligraphy is expensive but thin and hard" laid an important position for Du Fu in the history of calligraphy theory.
"Calligraphy and painting are interlinked" is a cultural phenomenon with national characteristics in the history of China's art and aesthetics. Du Fu knows both painting and books. Today, people like Angie have a saying: "Du Fu pays attention to other arts besides literature. For example, in calligraphy,' when I was nine years old, I became a big character and made a bag'. Not only did he learn calligraphy since he was a child, but later, we can also see his interest and cultivation in calligraphy from his books, such as Looking at Xue Shaobao's Painting and Calligraphy Wall, Looking at Zhang Xu's cursive drawings, and Li Chao's Eight-point Seal Songs. " Another cloud says: "Later generations often call Du Fu's poems' gloomy and frustrated', and those who are frustrated refer to the twists and turns of the poem and the profound artistic conception. ..... Isn't this connected with the twists and turns of calligraphy and other brushstrokes? ?
Ideological core
Author: anonymous
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, which is gloomy and frustrated, worrying about the country and the people. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, exposed and criticized the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and was even willing to make sacrifices to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, with the most ordinary people as the protagonist, which shows Du Fu's greatness. ?