Zhao Yun's resume Zhao Yun (? -229), the word Zilong, was born in Zhengding, Changshan (now Zhengding, Hebei). Eight feet long and imposing, he is one of the five generals in Shu and Han Dynasties. At the end of the Han Dynasty, warlords scuffled, and Zhao Yun was elected by the monarch to lead Yi Cong to join the White Horse General Gongsun Zan. During this period, I met Liu Bei, a relative of the Han Dynasty royal family, but soon Zhao Yun left because of his brother's death. Zhao Yun left Gongsun Zan for about seven years, met Liu Bei in Yecheng, and followed Liu Bei from then on. Zhao Yun followed General Liu Bei for nearly 30 years, participated in Bowangpo Campaign, Changbanpo Campaign and Jiangnan Pacification Campaign, and commanded the Battle of Entering Sichuan, Hanshui Campaign and Ji Gu Campaign alone, all of which achieved very good results. In addition to fighting everywhere, Zhao Yun also took the partial general as the prefect of Guiyang, stayed in the camp, stayed behind the public security, and supervised Jiangzhou with the general of Yijun. In addition, when Zhao Yun pacified Yizhou, he quoted the story of Huo Qubing to persuade Liu Bei to return the land to the people. After Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were killed, he advised Liu Bei not to cut Wu. After Zhao Yun's death, Liu Chan ordered a memorial service for Zhao Yun. Jiang Wei regards Zhao Yun as Shunping Hou, "gentle and courteous, kind-hearted, smooth and smooth, and the deacon has a smooth class and is determined to be smooth in adversity."
Character experience
Early experience
In the second year of Chuping (A.D. 19 1), Zhao Yun was elected by Changshan County people and led the county to flee from officers and men to Gongsun Zan. Gongsun Zan said to Zhao Yun, "I heard that Jizhou people are going to join Yuan Shao. How can you be the only one who gets lost? " Zhao Yun replied, "The world is in chaos. I don't know who the wise master is, and the people are in danger of falling into suspense. After discussion, Bizhou wants to follow the benevolent policy, not because we alienate Yuan Shao and favor you. " Since then, Zhao Yun has followed Gongsun Zan everywhere.
At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Gongsun Zan, and when he saw Zhao Yun, he was amazed and deeply accepted. Gongsun Zan fought Yuan Shao and sent Qingzhou secretariat Tian Ji to occupy the land near Shandong. Lombardi also sent tens of thousands of troops to fight for land, so Gongsun Zan promoted Liu Bei to other department Sima and sent Liu Bei to help Tian Ji resist Lombardi. Zhao Yun went out with Liu Bei and took charge of the cavalry for Liu Bei.
Later, Zhao Yun resigned from Gongsun Zan and went home because of his brother's death. Knowing that Zhao Yun would never come back, Liu Bei held Zhao Yun's hand and was unwilling to part with it. Zhao Yun bid farewell to Liu Bei and said, "After all, you can't do anything against moral integrity."
Follow Liu Bei
In the fifth year of Jian 'an (AD 200), after being defeated by Cao Cao, Liu Bei went to Yuan Shao. Zhaoyun went to Yecheng to see Liu Bei, and they slept together. Liu Bei secretly ordered Zhao Yun to recruit hundreds of soldiers, claiming to be the left general Liu Beiyu, and Yuan Shao didn't know about it. Zhao Yun followed Liu Bei from then on, and later followed him to Jingzhou.
In the seventh year of Jian 'an (AD 202), Liu Bei took refuge in Liu Biao, stationed troops in a new field, and Cao Cao sent Xia Houdun and Yu Jin to attack Liu Bei. Both sides fought in Wang Bo. Liu Bei ambushed Cao Jun, and Zhao Yun captured the enemy general Xia Houlan alive in the battle. Zhao Yun and Xia Houlan are fellow villagers and have known each other since childhood, so they begged Liu Bei not to kill Xia Houlan. Xia Houlan was proficient in law, and Liu Bei regarded him as a military leader. Zhao Yun doesn't take this fellow countryman for his own use, which shows Zhao Yun's cautious and wise attitude.
Two supporting young masters
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (AD 208), Liu Bei was defeated and fled south to Jiangling. Cao Cao sent people to ride fast horses and finally caught up with Liu Bei near Changsakan in Dangyang. At this time, the situation was critical. Liu Bei left his wife and children and fled south with dozens of men, including Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun, while Zhao Yun went north to join Cao Jun's army. Someone saw Zhao Yun going north and told Liu Bei that "Zhao Yun must have gone north to take refuge in Cao Cao". Hearing this, Liu Bei threw the halberd at the accuser and said, "Zilong won't leave me." . Sure enough, Zhao Yun hugged Liu Bei's youngest son, protected Liu Bei's wife, Mrs. Gan, and returned to Liu Bei safely. [9] After this war, Liu Bei appointed Zhao Yun as the general yamen.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhao Yun followed Liu Bei to pacify Jingzhou four counties. Liu Bei appointed Zhao Yun as a partial general, replacing Zhao Fan who surrendered and concurrently serving as the prefect of Guiyang. Zhao Fan has a beautiful widow named Fan Shi. Zhao Fan wants to betroth her to Zhao Yun. But Zhao Yun disagreed and said, "We have the same surname, and your sister-in-law is like my sister-in-law." At that time, Zhao Yun was advised to accept this beautiful woman. Zhao Yun replied: "Zhao Fan was forced to surrender, and people's hearts are unpredictable, not to mention there are many women in the world." Soon after, Zhao Fan really took the opportunity to escape, but Zhao Yun had nothing to do with it.
In the 14th year of Jian 'an (AD 209), after the four counties in Jingnan were pacified, Liu Bei became a shepherd in Jingzhou and gained power. Sun Quan suggested that the two parties get married, and Liu Bei married his sister, Mrs. Sun. Two years later, Liu Zhang, a priest from Yizhou, turned to Liu Bei for help to guard against Cao Cao's influence. Liu Bei led 30,000 troops into Yizhou, leaving Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others to stay in Jingzhou, and appointed Zhao Yun as Sima in charge of military affairs. At this time, Mrs. Sun indulged her arrogance, and the guards and officials she brought from Soochow committed many illegal acts. After Liu Bei knew it, he appointed Zhao Yun to be in charge of the internal affairs. When Sun Quan learned that Liu Bei was going to explore Yizhou in the west, he sent a large number of ships to take Mrs. Sun back and asked her to take her to the State of Wu. Fortunately, Zhao Yun and Zhang Fei led troops to intercept the Wu Dong fleet on the Yangtze River and successfully recaptured Liu Chan.
Determine the disaster
In the 18th year of Jian 'an (AD 2 13), Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Liu Zhang from Meng Jia, calling Zhuge Liang and others to help Shu. Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun, Zhang Fei and others led the troops back to Jiangxi and settled the counties all the way. After the conquest of Jiangzhou, the soldiers were divided into two ways. Zhaoyun led an army from the outer water and captured Jiangyang and Qianwei counties. I met Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang in Chengdu the following year. After Liu Bei captured Chengdu, he appointed Zhao Yun as the general of Yi Jun.
After Liu Bei pacified Yizhou, some people advocated giving the house in Chengdu and the mulberry garden outside the city to the general. Zhao Yun retorted, "Huo Qubing once said that the Huns are not extinct, and it is useless to have a home. Now only the Huns are a traitor, and it's not time to settle down. We must wait until the world is stable, and then let everyone go back to their hometown to farm. This is the best decision. The people of Yizhou have just suffered from the war. Now they should return the land to the people, let them live and work in peace and contentment first, and then let them perform military service and pay household tax, which can also win the hearts of Yizhou. " Liu Bei immediately adopted Zhao Yun's suggestion.
In the 24th year of Jian 'an (AD 2 19), in the first month, Zhao Yun led an army to attack Hanzhong, and the following year, Huang Zhong cut the summer in Dingjun Mountain, so Cao Cao personally led a great army to compete for Hanzhong, and first transported a large number of stores to Beishan, with tens of millions of bags. Huang Zhong thinks he can seize these stores and lead the attack. At that time, Zhao Yun's soldiers also attacked with Huang Zhong. However, Huang Zhong's army hasn't come back after the appointed time. Worried Zhao Yun rode out of the camp with dozens of people to check the situation of Huang Zhong and others. Happened to meet Cao Cao's army, Zhao Yun was attacked by Cao Jun's striker. Just after the battle with the enemy, Cao Cao's army came to the front, imposing.
Zhao Yun attacked Cao Jun again and again, and he fought and retreated. Cao Jun was scattered and recovered, and Zhao Yun broke through and retreated into the Han army camp. At this time, Zhang Zhu was injured and surrounded by Jun. Zhaoyun rushed to Jun again, rescued Zhang Zhu and brought him back to the camp. At this time, Cao Jun has chased the front of the camp of the Han army. Zhang Yi, the commander-in-chief of Mianyang, kept the camp. Cao Cao's army was killed, and he refused to build a car behind closed doors. After Zhao Yun entered the camp, he ordered the camp door to be wide open, and then put an end to the Han army. Seeing this, you suspected that there was an ambush by Zhao Yun, so you retired. At this time, Zhao Yun ordered the drums to beat, and the drums were deafening. The sergeant shot Cao Jun with a crossbow. Cao Jun was so frightened that many people fell into the Han River and drowned. The next day, Liu Bei personally came to Zhaoyun Barracks to inspect yesterday's battle site and said admiringly, "Zilong is brave!" " So a banquet was held to celebrate the evening, and the army called Zhao Yun "the tiger will follow."
In the first year of Zhangwu (AD 22 1 year), Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, and wanted to attack Dongwu to avenge Sun Quan's capture of Jingzhou and the killing of Guan Yu. Zhao Yun remonstrated, saying, "The traitor is Cao Cao, not Sun Quan. After the demise of Wei, Wu will naturally submit. Although Cao Cao was killed, his son Cao Pi usurped the throne, causing public outrage. We should take advantage of this public anger, first capture Guanzhong, occupy the upper reaches of the Yellow River and Weishui River, and fight the rebels. Then the Kanto Rightists will ride food to meet Julian Waghann. Wei shouldn't let go. He should hit Wu first. Moreover, once the war with Wu begins, it is not easy to stop, and cutting Wu is not the best policy. " However, Liu Bei, who was angry, refused to listen to the advice and insisted on crusade, leaving Zhao Yun as the governor of Jiangzhou.
In the second year of Zhangwu (AD 223), Liu Bei's crusade was defeated by Yiling, Liu Bei fled from Zigui to Yong 'an, Zhao Yun marched into Yong 'an, and Wu Jun withdrew.
In the first year of Jianxing (AD 223), Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, and Zhao Yun was transferred from General Bao Zhongjun and General Zhengnan to General Zhendong, and was named Yongchang Hou Ting.
In the fifth year of Jianxing (AD 227), after pacifying Nanzhong and forming an alliance with Soochow, Zhuge Liang led his generals to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition, and Zhao Yun moved to Hanzhong with Zhuge Liang.
In the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Zhuge Liang sent troops to the North, claiming that he would send troops from Gu Jie Road, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi suspected soldiers occupied Jiju Valley. Cao Zhen, the general of Wei, led a great army to stop it. Zhuge Liang ordered Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to stop Cao Jun on Gu Jie Road, and led the main force of Shu army to attack Qishan. Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi lost to Jiju Valley because of their weak strength. Zhao Yun immediately assembled his troops and stuck to Jiju Valley, without causing great losses. When the army retreated, Zhao Yun personally stopped pursuing Cao Jun, so the loss of military capital and personnel was not great.
On the battlefield of Qishan, the main force of the Shu army acted improperly because its overseer Ma Su did not listen to Zhuge Liang's instructions, and was defeated by Wei General Zhang He in the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang had to retreat and the Northern Expedition ended in failure. Zhuge Liang was demoted to the third grade, and Zhao Yun was also demoted to the general of the town army.
When the Shu army withdrew, Zhuge Liang once asked, "When Jieting withdrew, our army's establishment was very chaotic. When Ji Gu withdrew, its establishment was as neat as when he left the army. Why? " Deng Zhi replied: "General Zhao personally broke off diplomatic relations, so the military assets were not lost and the staffing was neat." At that time, there were still surplus silks in Zhao Yunjun's army, and Zhuge Liang ordered them to be distributed to Zhao Yunjun's soldiers. Zhao Yun said, "How can we reward our army for its crushing defeat? Please put all these materials into the red bank vault and give them to the soldiers in the cold winter of October. " Zhuge Liang spoke highly of Zhao Yun's character.
natural death
In the seventh year of Jianxing (AD 229), Zhao Yun died of illness. Liu Chan, the late ruler, chased Zhao Yun in Jing Yao for four years. In the fourth year (AD 26 1), the emperor wrote a letter saying, "Yun was the first emperor and made great contributions. It is difficult to get involved in painting when you are young. I always rely on loyalty and kimono to help the needy. Therefore, it is appropriate to discuss outside the cloud. " General Jiang Wei and others argued that Yun used to follow the first emperor, and his political achievements were good, and he ruled the world according to law, with remarkable results. The battle of Dangyang is a stone. Loyal to the defense, you read the reward; Out of courtesy, I forgot my death The deceased knows enough to be immortal; The living are grateful for death. According to the divination method, Wende is kind and smooth, the deacon says peace in class, Dick says peace, and the cloud says smooth and smooth.
Zhao Yun has two sons, the eldest son Zhao Tong inherits the title, and the official is a warrior, and the governor is the leader; The second son, Zhao Guang, the official keeper, entered the stack with Jiang Wei and died in battle.
Anecdotes of life
ever-victorious general
There is no record in the history books that Zhao Yun is an ever-victorious general, but there has been a saying among the people since ancient times that Zhao Yun is an ever-victorious general.
The so-called ever-victorious general is a victorious general, but Zhao Yun lost once, both in history and in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Although Zhao Yun also lost the battle, he was still called the ever-victorious general. The main reason is that Zhao Yun did not lose much in the only defeat, and a similar situation happened in Changbanpo. Although Liu Beijun was defeated in the battle of Changbanpo, Liu Bei's wife and children were rescued by Zhao Yun's efforts. In the novel, the battle between Zhao Yun and Changbanpo was artistically treated, and Zhao Yun broke into more than 800,000 Cao Jun. ..
The same is true of the ancient battle of Jicoo. The army has decided to retreat. In order to prevent the enemy from pursuing, Zhao Yun defended himself. Although he is old, he can still cut down the enemy. In other battles, Zhao Yun often performed well in failed battles. Even if the war is at a disadvantage, Zhao Yun can kill the enemy and be in an invincible position. Therefore, it has long given the general public an impression that Zhao Yun will not be defeated. In some folklore, there is even a saying that Zhao Yun fought all his life and was never injured. This shows that Zhao Yun, the ever-victorious general, has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Ride the savior alone
Riding alone as a savior refers to Zhao Yun's single-handedly rescuing Liu Bei's son Liu Chan. There were two times in history, one was the battle of Changbanpo, and the other was to cut off the river to save Adou, which happened in the 13th year of Jian 'an and 14th year of Jian 'an respectively. The plot of Zhao Yun riding the savior alone is often artistically processed and appears in novels, storytelling, operas and other literary works.
In fact, it was Zhao Yun and Zhang Fei who cut off the river and saved Adou, and both of them led the army, so strictly speaking, they were not saviors riding alone. However, influenced by the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, people habitually call this kind of behavior a savior riding alone.
General Wu Hu
The Five Tiger Generals refer to the five most famous, highest-ranking and most capable generals in Shu Han, namely Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong, but Professor Yi Zhongtian of Xiamen University put forward the theory of four tiger generals in Lecture Room.
When Chen Shou wrote The History of the Three Kingdoms, he combined,, and Zhao into one biography, second only to Zhuge Liang's Biography, and ranked first among civil servants and military commanders in Shu and Han Dynasties. And these five generals are also called Iliad. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are called "the generals of the bear and tiger", Zhao Yun is called "the generals of the tiger and tiger", Ma Chao is called "fighting with righteousness and virtue" and Huang Zhong is called "the courage of the three armed forces". It can be seen that there is a historical basis for calling these five generals the army of the Five Tigers of Shu and Han Dynasties. When Chen Shou was writing the History of the Three Kingdoms, he successively rated five generals as the "minions" of Shu Han, that is to say, Guan Zhang Ma Huangzhao was officially recognized as the "five minions" of Shu Han.
The title of the Five Tigers General Army does not come from The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Before the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the story of the Three Kingdoms called them "Five Tiger Generals". Further, these five people have been called "Five Generals" or "Five Brothers" in Song Yuan. Whether it's "five tiger generals" or "five tiger generals", it's actually just a title, the name of a general. Huang Zhao, Guan Zhangma, is definitely the Iliad of Shu Han, so it is meaningless whether from the perspective of romance or official history.
In addition, the generals of the Five Tigers are also found in official historical books, including the Examination of Mountain Hall and biographies of famous ministers in past dynasties, and the inclusion of Sikuquanshu fully affirmed that they were the officials of the Qing Dynasty, that is to say, from the Ming Dynasty, the official historians recognized the Five Tigers.
Guiyang anecdote
According to the Inscription on the Temple of General Hou Zhao in Shunping, Han Dynasty, Zhao Yun captured Guiyang, Lingling, Wuling and Changsha with Liu Bei, and served as the magistrate of Guiyang County after the war. In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there is a plot of "Zhao Zilong conspiring to take Guiyang". There is a mountain in the southwest of Guiyang called Furong Peak. It is said that Zhao Yun once stationed troops on the mountain. There is a cliff stone carving in the Tang Dynasty on the cliff, which reads "Zhao Yun An Lushan". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there was also a "Zhaohou Temple" on the mountain. Zhaohou Temple, also known as Huying Temple, has been destroyed and repaired repeatedly after the change of dynasties. In the 1960s, the former Chengguan Town Neighborhood Committee opened a lime kiln and gravel yard for the commune and team enterprises in Furong Peak, which blew up the Zhaohou Temple and stone carvings. Only stone carvings, inscriptions and poems have been handed down. These stone carvings are called "Inscriptions of General Houzhao Temple in Han Shunping" and are collected in Mengquan Pavilion. The poem is Shunping Xiong Hujiang, which has been passed down to this day. The world regrets xiaoxiang water, and people think about it for years. However, marriage is a light of national color and a brave town. Temple trees smell birds and worship cuckoos.
Since the reform and opening up, commodities produced by local people like to be named after Zhao Yun, such as Zhao Zilong Winery and Zhao Zilong Tanrou.
Personality assessment
Jiang Wei: Yun once studied under the first emperor, with outstanding achievements, ruling the world, abiding by the law and remarkable achievements. The battle of Dangyang is a stone. Loyal to the defense, you read the reward; Out of courtesy, I forgot my death The deceased knows enough to be immortal; The living are grateful for death. According to the divination method, Wende is kind and smooth, the deacon says peace in class, Dick says peace, and the cloud says smooth and smooth.
Chen Shou: Huang Zhong and Zhao are strong and fierce, and they are slaves. What are their followers?
Yang opera: South (Zhao Yun) is heavy, West (Chen Dao) is loyal, scholars and children are selected together, and they are fierce.
Jiang Wei: Yun once studied under the first emperor, with outstanding achievements, ruling the world, abiding by the law and remarkable achievements. The battle of Dangyang is a stone. Loyal to the defense, you read the reward; Out of courtesy, I forgot my death The deceased knows enough to be immortal; The living are grateful for death. According to the divination method, Wende is kind and smooth, the deacon says peace in class, Dick says peace, and the cloud says smooth and smooth.
Chen Shou: Huang Zhong and Zhao are strong and fierce, and they are slaves. What are their followers?
Yang opera: South (Zhao Yun) is heavy, West (Chen Dao) is loyal, scholars and children are selected together, and they are fierce.
"Old Tang Book Xue Dengchuan": If you talk about martial arts, Zhao Yun is brave and can be trusted by Zhuge; Although Zhou Bo is male, he lacks Chen Ping's plan. If Fan Kuai is appointed as Xiao He, it will lose the opportunity to point vertically; Xiao He joined the army under the drama, and there was no effect of exempting the Lord. Fighting is better than destroying the front, and the plan is judged by the materials.
"Tang Ping Baekje National Inscription": The flag is delicate in Wenchang, not chasing Holly, looking up to Han Peng, Zhao Yun is brave and good at fighting in the three armies; Guan Yu is an enemy of ten thousand people. Sacrificing one's life for one's country, risking the flow of dysprosium, is of infinite strength; Light is difficult, heavy is difficult (que word), ghosts and gods can't hide their shape; The quality is too loose to be discolored by wind and frost.
Zhong Xing's "Shi Huai" Volume 17: Seeing the beginning and end of the cloud is the minister's discretion, not just the name.
Fan Guangzhou History Review: However, at the beginning of the cloud, there is a minister's bureau. Is it a cloud?
Wang Shiqiu's Complete Works of Zhuge Zhong and Wuhou: open and aboveboard, broad-minded, can be used as a warning of four rewards. Guanyun is naturally a ministerial bureau from beginning to end, not just a star.
Shen's "On the Twenty-first History": Zhao Zitian's house sought to destroy Wei, and all the ministers in ancient times knew its quantity, preferring to follow the law and be named only.
Li Xian's History of Ming Dynasty: Wisdom and Courage. Zilong has the demeanor of an ancient minister.
Wan Yinglong's On the History of Three Peaks: Zhao Yun couldn't help asking the Han thief, so he gave it to the room and ignored it. It is great that the Han thief has not been extinguished, and the spring and autumn period is strict, and the heart of the world has been annihilated.
Zhang Pu's Chronicles of the Past Dynasties (on Zhao Yun's words of attacking Wu): Like Lu Su, the former Lord could not listen.
Li Ji's Detailed Notes in Historical Records: (Zhao Lie) Zhao Yun took Hanzhong and sent Guan Yu to attack Fancheng.
Yang Shiwei's "Crazy Cut": Zilong's heart is full of stones. Once upon a time, he was in the United States, not less than that year.
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