193 1 year 65438+February 30th, Zhu Zumou passed away. Before his death, he was given manuscripts and lifelong proofreading words Zhu Mo and Shuang Yan. Long Yusheng followed this legacy, and after the "November 28th Incident" broke out, he still worked tirelessly. In a basement of Shanghai Conservatory of Music, it took several months to proofread and print the suicide note of Qiangcun.
From 1933 to 1936, Long Yusheng founded Ci Quarterly with the support of Ye Gongchuo and others. The issue of 1 1 was published before and after, but it had to be stopped because of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War. This is the first specially published work on Ci, and the only one at that time. Its content is divided into nine items: exposition, monograph, posthumous work, compilation, word list, picture, collection, biography and miscellaneous compilation, which has been widely supported by the whole ci school. At this stage, Long Yusheng collated and compiled Banxingtang Ci Collection, Wofang Weaving Ci, Qiang Village Old People's Ci Review and Daheshan People's Ci, all of which were published in Ci Quarterly.
From 1940 to 1945, he lived in Baixia, lived a more stable life, and began to devote himself to the cause of Ci. He has finished the "re-proofreading and commenting on Yun Qi's Xuan Ci" and plans to proofread and carve the "marine heritage". Wen, a native of Pingxiang, Jiangxi, studied with his father Long. Su Xin, the author of Xuan Ci in Yun Qi, is a large-scale and heroic man, who has sprung up in the late Qing Dynasty and is unique. His theory of Ci is similar to that of Long Yusheng, so Long Yusheng worked hard to sort out his manuscripts. He also edited and published other works of Wen, such as Pure Text. At that time, Qian Zhonglian wrote "Chronology of Literature", which received great support. "The Legacy of the Sea" is a collection of the Legacy of the Sea in Qiangcun. This is the compilation and publication of a new collection of lyrics by Zhang Ertian, Xia, Chen Cengshou and others 1 1 living authors of Marine Heritage. After the sequel, only Zhang Ertian's Dun An Le Fu can be completed, while Xia's Continued Regret Temple, Chen Cengshou's Poems on Old Moon and Hai Gan's Poems can't be published in time, because they are already in jail.
At the same time, Long Yusheng founded Simultaneous Monthly in Nanjing. The editorial style of this magazine is similar to that of Ci Quarterly, but its content is not limited to Ci. Due to the different social and political environment, the source and standard of manuscripts are not the same as before. After liberation, Long Yusheng revised Zhu Dunru's Woodcutter's Song and Su Men's Four Bachelor's Poems. Sumen Four Bachelor's Ci was published by Zhonghua Book Company in August 1957. It is divided into three volumes: Huaihai Jushi's long and short sentences, Yu Ci, Chao Qin's interesting essays and Keshan Ci. The publication of this anthology is not only based on the collation of rare books, but also has rich edition reference value; More importantly, Long Yusheng mobilized his own experience in Ci and enriched the punctuation of Ci. As he himself said: "Song lyrics often have some discrepancies in sentence reading, and it is impossible to die like the person who wrote the lyrics later." There are a lot of nutrients in it, but readers are good at absorbing them. "
Long Yusheng's revised Ci collection, with the exception of Su Men's four bachelor's ci poems related to his own theory and interest in Ci, basically arranged manuscripts and preserved documents for the older generation of ci poets. Until his later years, he still cared about the legacy of his teachers and friends and sought to make it public in any form. Long Yusheng's activities left a deep impression on the history of modern ci poetry in China and even the academic history. Push the source back to the present and explain it.
Starting from 1933, Long Yusheng published a long article in Ci Quarterly, which changed the form of previous comments. At that time, it aroused great repercussions and effectively promoted the discipline construction of contemporary Ci. During this period, Long Yusheng made a comprehensive exposition on the origin, development, creation, artistic style and works of poets, focusing on Tang and Song Ci. He is the author of The Evolution of Ci Style (1933), The Way to Learn Ci Today (1935), A Brief Introduction to Muslim Ci (1935), A Brief Introduction to Shuyu Ci (1936) and A Brief Introduction to Shuyu Ci.
Long Yusheng likes reading Historical Records and Biographies of Assassins since he was a child. Because of his similar temperament, he has a special liking for Su Xin's Ci school. He has written Textual Research on the Origin of Su Xin Ci School (1932), Sumen Four Scholars Ci (1934) and Dongpo Yuefu Comprehensive Theory (1938).
Long Yusheng also thinks that Changzhou Ci School can't reach its ideal because it only knows Jia Xuan's calmness and happiness, but ignores Dongpo's ethereal meaning. The study of modern Ci was not influenced by Changzhou Ci School, because Wang, Zheng and Zhu Zumou all admired Su Ci. Stand higher when discussing Su and Xin. His grasp of the origin, development, evolution and specific writer's style characteristics of Su Xin Ci School still has its irreplaceable authority until today.
After Selected Poems by Long Yusheng's Famous Scholars in the Past 300 Years 1940, Long Yusheng's ci theory mostly turned to the Qing Dynasty. In the mid-1930s, Long Yusheng began to compile poetry anthologies of famous writers in the past 300 years, hoping that the world would have a comprehensive understanding of Qing Ci. His research on Qing Ci is based on two considerations. On the one hand, it provides reference for contemporary research and creation of Ci, on the other hand, it preserves the materials of late Ci. The former wrote about the changes of ci style in recent years (194 1 year) and On Changzhou Ci School (194 1 year), while the latter wrote Mr. Chen Hai's Ci Studies (1942). Long Yusheng's study of Ci-poetry in Qing Dynasty has not only the experience of teachers, but also personal experience, and there is no lack of insight. Learn rhyme and distinguish style.
From 1928, Long Yusheng was invited to teach at Shanghai Conservatory of Music. There, I met Xiao, Li Weining, and many other famous musicians. They often discuss the combination of words and music together, and try to apply traditional poetry rules to modern lyrics creation. In this atmosphere, Long wrote and Li Weining wrote lyrics such as Three Wishes for Roses, Ode to Autumn and Happy Journey, which immediately spread all over the country. The song "Three Wishes for a Rose" is still under the influence of the strings and has become an immortal famous song in the history of music. Long Yusheng is not only diligent in practice, but also devoted himself to the musicality research of Ci, and made an in-depth discussion on the four tones, sentence length and rhyme of Ci. This research lasted from his early years to his death, which was the most diligent and fruitful part of Long Yusheng's life.
Based on the reasons of composing new music songs, Long Yusheng paid special attention to the position of phonology in ci and qu. As for the four tones, Long Yusheng thinks that because of their different nature, they are related to expressing emotions. "Short tone, no room for suggestion, suitable for expressing radical and steep thoughts and feelings; Suitable for expressing fresh and gentle thoughts and feelings with soothing voice. It is appropriate to express loud thoughts and feelings. However, compared with the entering tone, the upper and lower leaves are always much more subtle, so the upper and lower leaves are suitable for expressing the tragic interest of the aftermath. " The intricate use and arrangement of the four tones of level tone is to achieve the unity of contradiction with anger. Dragon pays special attention to the use of disyllabic words. Wan Shu, a poet in A Qing, emphasized that the melody was "vigorous and powerful, and high-pitched". Wu Mei, a neighbor, also expounded the importance of Qusheng in the second chapter of The General Theory of Ci. In his early years, Long Yusheng himself put forward the relationship between the special position of Qusheng in the lyrics and the turning point in the lyrics in the article "On the Four Tones of Pingping" (1936). In his later years, his views became more and more complicated. For example, it is instructive to discuss the tone removal and the combination of "Shang" or "Shang"
Long Yusheng also analyzed the relationship between rhyme density and expression, and the syntax, structure, metaphor and duality of words. The main achievements are Ci-ology (1936), Pingping Four Tones (1936), phonological arrangement of Lingci (1937), lyrics and tune selection (1937). His research results largely restored the musical essence of ci. Paying attention to popularization is to improve Long Yusheng's life-long level of Ci, making it comprehensive and simple. In addition, he teaches in large and medium schools all the year round. Facing young students, he gives lectures to solve doubts and can understand the characteristics of ordinary beginners. Therefore, while he was vigorously engaged in writing, he also made a lot of efforts to popularize it. It is embodied in the following two aspects: one is the introduction, and the other is the collection. The former includes "Ten Lectures on Ci" and "An Introduction to Ci and Qu", both of which are compiled from handouts. Long's articles are all his own experience in studying ci for decades, which can be explained in simple terms and systematically inspire the research of later generations. The latter includes Selected Poems by Famous Scholars in Tang and Song Dynasties (1934), Selected Poems by Famous Scholars in Tang and Five Dynasties (1937) and Selected Poems by Famous Scholars in Recent 300 Years (1956). Among them, Selected Poems of Famous Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties and Selected Poems of Famous Poets in Recent 300 Years are widely circulated and deeply loved by poets. Over the years, sales have reached millions of copies.
After liberation, a new edition of Selected Poems of Famous Tang and Song Dynasties was published. Influenced by the times, the choice of items has been adjusted to reflect the whole history of ci. The number of selected lyricists increased from 489 to 94 and 708. From Li Bai to Zhang Yan, nineteen words of Yuan Haowen as an appendix were deleted. At the same time, the number of words with low evaluation at that time was reduced from 38 to 10, from 13 to 7 by Shi Dazu, and from 9 to 5 carefully. Selected Poems has lost its characteristics, and only by preserving Zheng's comments can it be often cited by scholars. The new edition of Selected Poems by Famous Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties is not enough to represent Long Yusheng's consistent thought of Ci.
Selected Works of Famous Poets in Recent 300 Years was first written in 1930, and was not published until 1956. The editing style, like the new edition of Selected Poems of Famous Tang and Song Dynasties, is as fluent as possible. But after all, it still contains a personal ci concept. The most obvious thing is still to emphasize Su Xin's Ci school, and Chen Weisong's Ci has reached 34, ranking first among the candidates. Selected Poems of Famous Writers in Recent 300 Years is compiled on the basis of Tan Xian's Luzhong Ci and Ye Gongchuo's Guangzhong Ci. Tan Xian took Wu as the first in Luzhong Ci, and Wang Fuzhi as the first in Guangzhong Ci, and noted: "The decline of Ci. Chen Zilong, the leader of Yun Jian Ci School, praised the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which reversed the bad habits of Ming Ci and greatly promoted the revival of Qing Ci. In this sense, the understanding of the history of Ci is obviously more profound than that of Tan and Ye. From the perspective of the history of Ci studies, the popularity of Long Yusheng's two anthologies of Ci has a deeper significance. Since the publication of Selected Poems of Zhang Huiyan, Zhou Ji has quoted four famous poets to illustrate the way of learning Ci. After that, the selection of big and small words will continue. The Hundred Poems of Song San written by the village in the Qing Dynasty showed the standard of learning Ci, which critics thought was too abstruse for readers to understand. Tang Guizhang wrote it in 193 1, but it's still too deep. At this time, the field of ci poetry has begun to consider trying a new anthology reader. 1934, Ming Kai Bookstore published Selected Poems by Famous Poets of Tang and Song Dynasties in Long Yusheng and Poems Accidentally Read by Yu Pingbo, which just represented two different styles and gained a lot after immersion and irrigation. The former shows the style of the whole history of Ci with a unique eye, which enables readers to further infer the differences between the history of Ci and the works of writers after reading. Later, Yu Pingbo's Selected Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci and Hu's Selected Poems of Song belong to this category. The latter appreciates the specific text as a unit, and sums up some laws and theories from it. Yu Pingbo's own interpretation of halal words still belongs to this category.