Guo Moruo (1892 ~ 1978) is a contemporary poet, playwright, historian and ancient philologist. Formerly known as Guo Kaizhen, his pen names are Guo and Macon. Born in Shawan, Leshan, Sichuan, he went to school since childhood, attended Jiading College from 65438 to 0906, and began to accept democratic ideas. 19 14 In the spring, he went to Japan to study, during which he came into contact with the works of foreign writers such as Tagore, Goethe, Shakespeare and Whitman. The Sorrow of Sheep is his first novel. 1965438+ The Temptation of Death, written in the early summer of 2008, is his earliest new poem. 19 19 When the May 4th Movement broke out, he initiated the organization of the Summer Society, a national salvation group, in Fukuoka, Japan, and devoted himself to the New Culture Movement. He wrote poems such as Phoenix Nirvana, The Earth, My Mother and Coal in the Furnace. 192 1 In June, he and Cheng, Yu Dafu and others organized a creative society and edited the Creative Quarterly. /kloc-graduated from Imperial University of Japan in 0/923, and continued to edit Creation Weekly and Creation Day after returning to China. From 1924 to 1927, he created historical dramas such as Wang Zhaojun, Nie Ying and Zhuo Wenjun. 1928 Exiled in Japan. 1930 joined the Chinese Left-wing Writers' League and participated in the activities of the Tokyo branch of the "Left-wing League". 1938 director of Ren Zhonghua national anti-enemy association of literary and art circles. During this period, six historical dramas represented by Qu Yuan were created. He also wrote ten critical books, The Bronze Age, and a large number of essays, essays and poems. After the founding of New Zhongyang, he successively served as a member of the Central People's Government, Vice Premier the State Council, director of the Culture and Education Commission, president of the China Academy of Sciences, chairman of the first, second and third All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, member of the ninth, tenth and eleventh Central Committees, vice chairman of the first to fifth sessions of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and member, standing committee member and vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. His works include Ode to Xinhua, Dongfeng Ji, Cai Wenji, Wu Zetian, Li Bai and Du Fu.

Chronology of major events

1892 165438+1October16 was born in Shawan Town, Leshan County, Sichuan Province.

1897 spring, entered the home school to study. I am familiar with the Book of Songs and 300 Tang poems, and I am familiar with Wei, Meng Haoran and Li Bai.

190 1 Use the new textbooks published in Shanghai for teaching.

1in the spring of 905, my eldest brother Guo went to Japan to study and wanted to join his peers, but his parents refused.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/906, he entered Leshan County Senior Middle School. Ranked first in the first semester, but fell to third place because of the jealousy of older classmates.

1in the spring of 907, he was expelled from school for opposing the tyranny of teachers and returned to school through mediation. Xia went to Leshan County Middle School and read many translated novels.

1908 autumn, suffering from typhoid complicated with otitis media, hearing loss. I read ancient books such as pre-Qin philosophers during my illness, and I like Zhuangzi better.

/kloc-in the autumn of 0/909, he was expelled from the school because he took part in a strike and asked the school and the local government to hand over and punish the perpetrators who hurt his classmates.

19 10 spring, entered Chengdu, the provincial capital, and cut in line to the junior middle school of Sichuan government high school. In winter, he participated in the strike wave of Chengdu academic circles demanding the early founding of the country, served as a class representative and was dismissed. For some reason, he did not abdicate the Qing emperor in the winter of 19 1 1. Returned to China to organize vigilante groups to respond to the 19 1 1 revolution.

In February, she was ordered by her parents to marry Zhang Qionghua and left home for Chengdu five days later.

1965438+In the spring of 2003, I was admitted to Chengdu Sichuan University of Political Science and did not study. Xia was admitted to Tianjin Military Medical School and didn't go to school. At the end of the year, I was sponsored by my eldest brother and decided to study in Japan.

1914 65438+10 to Tokyo. In the autumn, I was admitted to the preparatory course of Tokyo No.1 University. With Yu Dafu.

1965438+entered Okayama Sixth Hospital in autumn of 2005. And cheng. Reading the works of Tagore, Turgenev, Goethe and Heine is close to Spinoza's thought.

19 16 In the summer, I met Fukuko Sato, a nurse at St. Luke's Hospital in Tokyo. In winter, Fukuko Sato and I got married in Okayama. Start writing new poems.

19 17 The trial translation of Tagore's poems was suspended because it could not be published. 19 18 Students studying in Japan went on strike and boycotted the signing of Article 21. Xia was promoted to the Department of Medicine of Kyushu Imperial University. Zhang Ziping, a student studying in Japan, plans to publish a literary publication.

19 19 In the summer, students studying in Japan responded to the May 4th Movement and organized a patriotic association, the Summer Club, which arrived in Japan. Write a novel "Mourning for the Sheep". His poems were published in Shanghai News of Current Affairs, which shocked the poetry circles in China.

1920 series of correspondence with Tian Han and Zong Baihua was published as "Collected Works of San Ye". The first translation of Goethe's Faust was not published because it was bitten by a mouse.

192 1 year suspended for half a year. Traveling back and forth between Shanghai and Japan to prepare for the publication of literary publications. In June, the literary group Creation Society was established in Tokyo. The first book of poetry, Goddess, came out.

1922 "creation" quarterly magazine was founded in may 1 day. Translate Goethe's Young Werther.

/kloc-0 graduated from the faculty of medicine of Kyushu imperial university in the spring of 923. He immediately returned to China to engage in literary activities, editing and publishing the publications of Creative Society. Translate the first half of Nietzsche's Zoroaster Banknotes. Poetry, drama and prose collection "Starry Sky" was published.

1in the spring of 924, he went to Japan and translated Kawasaki's Social Organization and Social Revolution and Turgenev's novel New Era in Fukuoka. Systematically understand Marxist theory, and then establish a Marxist world outlook. Returning to China in winter to investigate the war disaster of warlords in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Shoot Under the Horizon.

1925, I got to know the early Qu Qiubai in China. Witnessed the May 30th tragedy, and made two scenes of Nie Er. Literary essays have been published. Translate John Qin's collection of lonely plays in Ireland. Published a group of poems "Bottle".

1March, 926, went to Guangzhou with Yu Dafu and others, served as the senior of the College of Arts of Guangdong University, and implemented the liberal arts reform. Get to know people like Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. The publishing department of Creative Society was established. In July, he participated in the Northern Expedition and served as deputy director and acting director of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army.

1March, 927, wrote "Seeing Chiang Kai-shek Today" in Zhu De's residence, denouncing Chiang Kai-shek's rebellion against the revolution. Wanted by the Chiang Kai-shek government. In August, he participated in the August 1st Nanchang Uprising, and served as a member of the presidium of the Chinese Revolutionary Committee and director of the General Political Department of the Uprising Forces. Zhou Enlai and Li Yimang were introduced to China. Sneak back to Shanghai to engage in cultural activities in winter. Retranslation of the first part of Faust. Because of typhus, I missed the opportunity to transfer to the Soviet Union by boat.

1928 In February, in order to avoid the arrest of the Kuomintang government, he left Shanghai with the help of Neishan, went to Japan under a pseudonym, and settled in Chiba Prefecture. The action was monitored by the police. Look at the pre-Qin history books in the Eastern Han Dynasty Library in Tokyo and study the ancient history of China. Translate the novel The King of Carboniferous by American writer Sinclair.

1929 wrote autobiographies My Childhood and Anyway. Translate Sinclair's novel Slaughterhouse. Translation of Michalis's History of German Art Archaeological Discovery.

1930, The Study of Ancient China Society, which demonstrated the existence of slavery in ancient China, was published. Translate Sinclair's novel kerosene.

193 1 year, he wrote Oracle Bone Inscriptions Studies, Jin Wen Studies in Yin and Zhou Dynasties, and Jin Hua Series in Two Weeks. Translation of Marx's critique of political economy. Translation of Russian Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, English Welsh Science of Life, etc.

1932 The "December 18th Incident" occurred, and the Shanghai Commercial Press burned the translation of The Science of Life. He is the author of Jin Kao and Ten Years of Creation.

1933 He wrote Oracle Bone Inscriptions's Biography, Jin Wen Shi Yu, and Ancient Chinese Characters. 1934 He wrote Two-week Textual Research on Jinwen Ci, Evolution of Heaven View in Pre-Qin Dynasty, and Research on Qu Yuan. Re-translation of life science. Compilation of Japanese short stories.

1936 wrote several historical essays, and the series was Tellurium. Japanese Qian Lin's Three Studies of Yan Music in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Translation of German Schiller's valentina.

1937, he wrote the Nazi Collection of Yin Qi and Ten Years of Creation. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in July. Return to China alone to participate in the Anti-Japanese War. Wang Jiu Daily was hosted in Shanghai, and cultural propaganda teams and field service teams were organized to work in the front line. As a person without party affiliation, under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai, he was engaged in the cultural work in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.

1938 1 Combined with Yu Liqun, he went to Wuhan from Guangzhou and served as the director of the third hall of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the National Government. Elected as the director of the All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles. In June 5438+10, Wuhan fell and was evacuated to Chongqing via Changsha and Guilin.

Shi Guwen Studies was published in 1939.

1940 In April, the four-year Han tomb of Yan Guang was excavated on the north bank of Jialing River in Chongqing. In September, he resigned as the director of the three museums to protest against the forced reorganization of the political department by the Kuomintang government. 165438+ 10 In June, the Kuomintang authorities were forced to agree to set up a cultural work committee, with it as its director.

194 1 year1month Zhou Enlai, Yu Youren, Feng Yuxiang, etc. Initiated to commemorate the 25th anniversary and 50th birthday of Guo Moruo's creative career. A compilation of fifty years' musical notation. Rewrite don's flowers.

1942, translated Goethe's Herman and Doulutai for historical dramas Qu Yuan, Khufu, Gao Jian Li and Peacock Gallbladder. He founded Qunyi Publishing House and edited the academic publication Central Plains.

1943 Production of historical drama "Southern Crown Grass". Study the pre-Qin philosophers.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/944, he wrote "Three Centennial Festival of Shen Jia", which was designated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China as the study document of the rectification movement.

1945, he drafted a talk on the current cultural situation, calling for democratic politics. The Kuomintang government dissolved the Cultural Work Committee. Published the Bronze Age and Ten Books of Criticism. From Chongqing to Shanghai in summer. Go to Nanjing to attend the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Historical figures was published.

1947 translation of Goethe's Faust II. Editor-in-chief: Youth, Spring and Autumn Revolution, Heaven and Earth Huang Xuan, etc. Move to Hong Kong in winter.

1948 wrote a memoir of the Anti-Japanese War (later renamed Hong Boqu). At the end of the year, he went to the Northeast Liberated Area to attend the new CPPCC meeting.

March 1949 led the China delegation to attend the Prague meeting of the World Peace Conference. On the eve of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he was elected as the chairman of the All-China Federation of Literary and Artistic Workers and the vice chairman of the China People's Political Consultative Conference. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded in June, 5438+00, and served as Vice Premier of the State Council, Director of Culture and Education Committee and President of China Academy of Sciences.

1950 In March, he was elected as the chairman of China Folk Literature and Art Research Association. In May, the Working Committee for the Unification of Academic Terminology was established as its director. In August, he led a South Korean delegation to visit North China. 1 1 attended the second world congress on safeguarding peace in Warsaw.

195 1 attended the World Peace Council meeting in Berlin in February. 1 1 attended the meeting of the World Peace Council in Vienna. In February, 65438 won the Stalin International Prize for strengthening international peace. The Collection of Waves has been published.

The era of slavery was published in February 1952, and the lower limit of slavery society was determined at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Chief teacher of central archaeological training. Academician of Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Honorary Member of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Attended the meeting of the Executive Committee of the World Peace Council held in Oslo in March.

Participated in the special meeting of the World Peace Council held in Berlin in July.

The Asia-Pacific Peace Conference initiated by Soong Ching Ling and Peng Zhen was held in Beijing on 10.

1 1 participated in the World People's Peace Conference held in Vienna.

1953, he wrote a modern translation of Qu Yuan's Fu. March with Zhou Enlai to the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia to express condolences to Stalin and Gottwald. Attended the Standing Committee of Stockholm World Peace Council in May. Attend the World Peace Council meeting in Budapest in June. Elected president of the second China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He was awarded the title of Academician of Polish Academy of Sciences and Honorary Academician of Bulgaria.

1954 wrote Pipeline Acquisition and Calibration. Attend the special meeting of the World Peace Council held in Berlin in May. In June, he attended the World Peace Council meeting in Stockholm to ease the international situation. Elected as vice chairman of NPC Standing Committee.

Participated in the international conference on world peace held in Vienna. Attend the International Conference on World Peace held in New Delhi in April. Attended the International Conference on World Peace in Helsinki in June. In winter, he led a Japanese scientific delegation to visit Japan and wrote "Miscellaneous Poems on Visiting China".

65438-0956 Deputy Director of the State Council Science Planning Commission, Deputy Director of the Central Committee for Promoting Putonghua, and Director of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme Revision Committee.

1957 17 Volume "Collected Works of Mo Ruo" was published. Attended the World Peace Council in Colombo in June.

Guo Moruo died in Beijing on June 1978 at the age of 86.

Guo Moruo is an outstanding cultural great man in China's modern history, leaving a rich legacy and far-reaching influence in a wide range of academic fields, such as literature, history and ancient philology. Guo Moruo has also made brilliant achievements in the art of calligraphy and occupies an important position in the history of modern calligraphy.

Guo Moruo's exploration and practice in calligraphy art lasted for more than 70 years. Young Guo Moruo's calligraphy has been recognized by the society since 19 1 1 year. 10 years later, his famous poetry collection Goddess and other works came out, which made his book style appear in front of a wider audience. In the late 1920s, Guo Moruo lived in Japan. Starting from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, he argued the history with characters and used history as a mirror, became familiar with the evolution of Chinese characters and calligraphy, and established a scientific model for the study of ancient Chinese characters. 1937 When returning to China for the Anti-Japanese War, poetry creation was often combined with calligraphy, which contained profound cultural heritage and national spirit of self-improvement. After the founding of New China, Guo Moruo engaged in more abundant calligraphy creation after heavy state affairs. He was generous and well-informed, and left countless inscriptions on Mo Bao for places of interest, industrial and mining schools and friends from all walks of life at home and abroad. His calligraphy works are so numerous and influential that few people can compare with others.

In his study book, Guo Moruo regards "going back to the front and going back to the flat" as the key to writing eight characters. His calligraphy style not only attaches importance to learning from others, but also dares to innovate, showing bold creative spirit and distinctive characteristics of the times, and is praised as "Guo style" by the world. Guo Moruo is good at cursive writing, with refreshing and free brushwork, flexible operation and endless charm; Although his regular script works are not well preserved, they are particularly skillful and fluent, with both form and spirit.

As another Sichuan scholar after Su Shi, Guo Moruo's calligraphy achievements are comparable to Dongpo, which is very important to the world. Dongpo's calligraphy has always been valued by the calligraphy circle and is the representative of advocating calligraphy in Song Dynasty. Guo Moruo's calligraphy, which originated in Song Sijia, has Song Sijia flavor in both pen and structure, but its personality is outstanding. Su Dongpo's calligraphy was once regarded as a "stone toad" by Huang Gu, but its horizontal trend has a history in the history of calligraphy, which is completely different from Huang Gu's calligraphy. As Mr. Qin Xiaokan pointed out: "There are horizontal and vertical characters in Han and Tang Dynasties." There is no need for Huang Heng to get sick. "Mr. Sha Menghai summed it up with" oblique tight knot "and" horizontal wide knot ". Guo Moruo's calligraphy and Dongpo's calligraphy belong to the category of horizontal painting and wide knot. During the Anti-Japanese War, when Guo Moruo was in Chongqing, he wrote a lot of calligraphy works. At the same time, he, Chang and others tried to excavate the Han tomb in Jiangbei, and found bricks with words, which contributed to the protection of cultural relics. Because he was then the director of the Third Hall of the Political Department of the Kuomintang and the director of the Cultural Work Committee, he United a large number of people in the literary and calligraphy circles and made contributions to the prosperity of literature and art. Guo Moruo's calligraphy research can be calculated from his research on Oracle bones and inscriptions, and the results are fruitful. In 1960s, Guo Moruo and Gao Ershi launched a great discussion about the authenticity of Lanting, which in any sense greatly promoted the deepening of calligraphy research and brought about the development of calligraphy during the Cultural Revolution. These achievements, especially several argumentative papers in Lan Ting's later period, undoubtedly fully reflected his profound academic education. Guo Moruo, who has gone through the ups and downs of life, fully shows his demeanor as a great scholar and writer in his calligraphy: every work, whether it is a long masterpiece or a short note, is very sure and decisive with a pen without hesitation; Most of the writing contents are self-created poems, which are full of the flavor of the times, regardless of the old style or the new style; He made extensive and in-depth research and exploration on classical calligraphy, and won the charm of Su Dongpo and Yan Zhenqing. Guo Moruo's study of calligraphy is different from that of ordinary people who specialize in one family in poor times, but he has a strong personality from the beginning. He does not regard himself as the slave of his ancestors, but uses others for his own use, which is unique.