Why is Jiuting called Jiuting?

An example of visualization operation of Shanghai village name

Jiuting town is a town in the northeast corner of Songjiang District. As early as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Huibo Village (now Sijing Town) and Qibao Town had developed. In ancient times, there was a tradition of building a post station in the market, but there was no road pavilion in the market. As the saying goes, "Ten miles long pavilion, five miles short pavilion." However, there is 18 Li from Huibo Village to Qibao Town, and whether the pavilion is slender or short is a problem. This pavilion has not been built for a long time. Later, a monk chose a site to build a pavilion, taking Purdue sentient beings as the concept. Just between Huibo Village (now Sijing Town) and Qibao Town, each nine miles away, build a pavilion (as shown in figure 1). What's more, the number "nine" is a good number in Buddhism and Taoism, so it was named "Jiuli Pavilion", while jiuting town was named after the pavilion. (Source: Shen, editor-in-chief of "The Story of Jiuting")

It can be seen that the formation of place names is closely related to their spatial location. In toponymy, the function of place names is put forward, 1. Targeted: Place names are proper nouns of geographical entities. 2. Sociality: Place names are the product of society, and their naming, renaming, development and evolution are always restricted by all aspects of society. Professor Bo Xiaorong, the former history department of Sichuan University, said: Place name culture "includes both social science and natural science, especially geography, history, linguistics, ethnology and political science". Taking the spatial distribution of village place names in Shanghai as an example, this push shows the basic operation of how to use ArcGIS for spatial visualization. Studying place names is purely an interest, but we can further explore it on this basis. Those who have the same interest can contact us by email.

Figure 1 Schematic Diagram of Spatial Location of jiuting town

First, the preliminary preparation

Software: ArcGIS

Data: Shanghai 20 10 village committee name; Shanghai administrative division shape file

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a technical system that collects, stores, manages, calculates, analyzes, displays and describes all or part of the earth's surface space with the support of computer software and hardware.

software

ESRI has launched several versions of GIS software, and the products are constantly updated and expanded, forming a series of products suitable for various users and models. ArcGIS is a unified geographic information system platform.

Figure 2 ArcGIS operation interface

data

There are three main file formats in ArcGIS: Shapefile, Coverage and geodatabase:

1, Shapefile consists of the shape file for storing spatial data, the dBase table for storing spatial data and. Shx file, which is used to store the relationship between spatial data and attribute data;

2. Spatial data of Coverage are stored in binary files, attribute data and topology data are stored in INFO tables, and the directory combines binary files and INFO tables to form coverage feature classes;

3.Geodatabase is the third generation product of ArcGIS data model development. It is an object-oriented data model, which can represent the natural behavior of elements and the relationship between elements.

This push involves the shape of Shanghai's administrative divisions and belongs to the layer file Shapefile.

Second, the drawing operation

0 1

Establish a spatial database

Attribute data, the name of Shanghai 20 10 village committee, can be downloaded from the website of Shanghai Statistics Bureau; Attribute data becomes spatial data, that is, XY (latitude and longitude coordinates) is added to the original attribute data, which is the basis of location identification in ArcGIS, and the latitude and longitude data needs to be captured by R software according to the specific address. If the number of objects you study is small, you can collect them manually with Baidu. The link is as follows:

/lbsapi/getpoint/index.html

The data format is shown in Figure 3, including ID, area name, address, latitude and longitude, etc.

Figure 3 Data format of Shanghai rural residential name research

02

Database import layer

Figure 4 Latitude and longitude data import operation interface

As shown in Figure 4, select Add Data in the ArcMap action bar, select Add Data at the next level, and then select Add XY Data. The map base map also uses the same coordinate projection system, which can accurately present the target points on the base map according to the latitude and longitude.

03

Visualization and mapping of spatial data

The next step is to map according to my own research needs. Because of my interest in place names, I used word segmentation to group the names of more than 5,000 village committees in Shanghai according to different categories. This step is performed when the database is established. The classification standard is based on various documents of place names, among which Zheng's Shanghai Place Names mentioned the naming method of Shanghai urban roads, named after ethnic residents' surnames, named after buildings, rivers and streams, named after benevolence and auspiciousness, etc. According to the local characteristics of Shanghai, several types of surveying and mapping are roughly summarized: water indication (including Beijing and Bangguo, etc. ), military (name includes artillery, battalion, customs, etc. ), flowers (names include peaches, plums, peonies, etc. ) and surname (surname includes Xia, Wang, Zhang, etc. ).

Therefore, it is necessary to use the classification data symbol setting (Figure 5) when drawing, and use different colors or different graphics to present differences on the map according to different categories.

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of classification data symbol setting

04

Export map

When the desired effect has been presented in the software, you can find the Export Map button in the action bar file.

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of export diagram

05

Preliminary results of visualization of village names in Shanghai

5. 1

Distribution of surface water in rural residential areas

On the displayed map (Figure 7), the green dot is the location of the village neighborhood committee with surface water such as Jing and Bang. If the water system is layered, it can be seen that these villages are basically around the water system. Reducing the floor area (Figure 8), only looking at the distribution of the central part of Shanghai, we can better see the relationship between the village neighborhood committees and the water system, and the village neighborhood committees are all located near the water system.

Figure 7 Distribution of Surface Water Villages (the whole city)

Figure 8 Distribution of Surface Water Villages (Central Area)

5.2 Distribution of Military Villages

Similarly, we made a map showing the spatial distribution of military villages (Figure 9 and Figure 10). From the local map of Figure 10, we can see Baocun, Sanyingfang and Baobang villages where Huangpu River flows into the Yangtze River estuary, which shows that this is a military fortress and the location where the fortress was set before, so it can be roughly said that the military villages are distributed around the original military fortress or military site.

Figure 9 shows the distribution of military villages (the whole city)

Figure 10 shows the distribution of military villages (central area)

5.3 Distribution of village surnames

In addition, do people who live in the magic capital often hear the names Wangjiazhai, Lujiabang, Wangjiatang and Chenjiazhai, which are closely related to the clans or celebrities who lived there before. You want to see the "sphere of influence" of each surname as shown in figure 1 1 and figure 12. As can be seen from Figure 12, in downtown areas, there were many surnames of Zhang and Chen in the past.

Figure 1 1 Distribution of village surnames (the whole city)

Figure 12 shows the distribution of residence in surname village (central area)

Taking the analysis of Shanghai village name space as an example, it is the purpose of this push to show the mapping process of ArcGIS software. I hope to explore more interesting research and discussion, and I look forward to more exchanges with like-minded partners.