In the seventh year of Ming Chenghua (147 1), he was recommended by his hometown as a city student. He is learned and versatile, but his fate is ill-fated, and his career is not good all his life. He tried again and again. Finally, he was born in imperial academy, and became a Imperial College, so he was also called "Wang Gongshi" and "Wang Imperial College". He was educated by Cai Yumen, who is as famous as Wen Zhiming, but he can shine on you. I am good at seal cutting and landscape painting. I was famous at that time, especially the title of the book. Yu Shinan, Zhi Yong and calligrapher Wang Xianzhi, beginners of regular script, formed their own style in their later years, which was self-defeating, graceful and elegant. The pursuit is a kind of elegant charm, which is also "seeing beauty in clumsiness" and "seeing elegance in clumsiness". You Jing is written in small print, which is concise and ethereal, and is known as the first in Wen Zhiming. Wang Shizhen, a famous book theorist, thinks in the Postscript of Three Laws and Ten Books that Cao Qin is "vigorous in brushwork, elegant in meaning and elegant in charm". The so-called clumsy, calligrapher is excellent. "Random landscape flowers and birds, characters threatening the Southern Song Dynasty. The landscape is mostly green, especially like to make hooked bamboo rabbits and cranes and deer. He is an uninhibited person who has experienced Miffy and Guo Zhongshu. Nature is very clever. When you taste the effect of silverware, you are the best. How to comment on his book "Four Friends Zhai Shu Lun": "After Hengshan, Wang Yayi's calligraphy should be the first. His books are dominated by big orders, with lofty and broad character, changing charm and surpassing others. " The book is Qian Zi Wen, with ink and cursive script on the paper. There are 104 lines in this thousand-character text, and each line has different words, totaling 10 15 words. It is 28 cm long and 463.6 cm wide. Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei (in Baoyunlou Calligraphy and Painting). The structure of Qian is smooth, and the pitch has not changed much, from which we can get a glimpse of its learning track from Wang Xianzhi and Yu Shinan. This post not only has the elegant and handsome posture of the father and son of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, but also has the charm of Yu Shinan in the early Tang Dynasty, which is soft outside and firm inside. From the aspect of pen use, its cursive style is peaceful, neat and meticulous, with dignified brushwork and meticulous practice. There is little Lian Bi connection between strokes, and each word is independent and unconnected. Looking at this book, it is elegant and simple, natural and graceful, and the grass method is rigorous. At that time, it was as famous as Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhiming, and was called the Three Schools of Wumen. Together with the rising star Chen Daofu, he is known as the four great people in Wuzhong. Sit on the border and come back soon. In his later years, he longed for a prostitute, tasted a homemade brocade skirt and forged a gold ring for him. He's an excellent ghost agent. Prostitutes were overjoyed and followed suit.
Ming Jiajing died in the 12th year (1533) at the age of 39. There are many books handed down from generation to generation, such as "A Drunken Man's Meaning Is Not in Wine", "Preface to the Pavilion" and "Fu on the Red Wall". , including A Collection of Yayi Mountain People, A Collection of Poems on Xinsi Stories in Regular Script, A Volume of Miscellaneous Poems, A Thousand-character Essay, Nineteen Ancient Poems, Running Script, Poems on Li Bai's Ancient Style and Shi Hu.
Wang Chong Ji Zilian
"Wang Chong word set copybook"
Chong Wang cursive couplet, China couplet copybook. "ji zi copybook" has various calligraphy styles and calligraphers' styles, which enables learners to gain both copying and creation in a short time and improve their interest in calligraphy learning. Following the publication of the first 1 and the second "China Couplets Collection", Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Publishing House launched the third series with 8 kinds. This set of copybooks pays attention to the temperament of the original tablet or calligrapher's style, and strives to be natural and just right in details such as turning the tablet into ink, stippling and trimming, and assembling the radicals. At the same time, as far as possible, we should make changes in the style response and composition layout of each couplet to provide readers with more and better reference for learning books. Based on Wang Zhongxing's cursive script in Ming Dynasty, the inscriptions used to collect characters mainly include Xiyuan Poetry, Youbaoshan Poetry, Caoshu Poetry and Li Bai Poetry.
1, four-character couplet
Spring returns to the earth; Strengthen the country and enrich the people; Flowers bloom with wealth; Orchids are lush; Five Blessingg, Kang Min;
Bless the world. Political honesty and harmony. Zhu Bao is safe. Peach and plum compete for fragrance. People live a long life.
Just seeking old age; Poetic family; Heaven and earth are born together; The article is in Chinese; Tolerance is great;
Learning is still new. Li Leren is Sun Jia, Moon and Guang Qi. Poetry is handed down from generation to generation. The public doesn't have me.
2. Five-character couplets
Liu Gaochang laughed; Cultivate honesty for a long time; Never older; Make the scenery clear; Gao Huai is the same as Yue Ji;
Zhen Xuan is more loyal than Gu Song. Read a wordless book. You can write new poems. Extreme worldview. Elegance meets spring breeze.
Jing Lan Xiangfengyuan; Lide ancient and modern; The moon is loose, please take pictures; Bright moon and a pot of wine; Mo Yanqing dew month;
Jathyapple Ming with a loose window. Collect books to teach children and grandchildren. Crystal gems in the stream. Brush away thousands of books. The piano is blue, and it is autumn.
Sitting on a stone couch watching clouds; There are folk songs in the room; Songju Taogong House; Xi Xin Yue Tai Fang; Wash the inkstone fish and swallow the ink;
The stream window listens to the rain and sleeps. People are the same as heaven and earth. Poet Meng Zilin. Inorganic leisure. Tea-making cranes are forbidden to smoke.
Make a name for yourself; Self-cultivation is like holding jade; The universe is quiet; Yuanhe has a thousand years of life; Choosing benevolence is beauty;
Be reasonable, and you will feel at ease. Planting Desheng's legacy. There are many people in the mountains. Pine trees live forever. Anjude is a neighbor.
Drunk talk about what's going on in the world;
Laugh at old books.
3. Six-character couplet
White horse inserted in the autumn wind; Put it outside the world; Qiuyu Wutong Academy; Learning will be useful;
Apricot blossom and spring rain in Jiangnan. I am angry at the mountains and rivers. Spring breeze abounds in peaches and plums. Reading is expensive with an open mind.
Elegance takes pleasure in classics and history; Bamboo rain, wind and moon;
Sometimes I think of Yamazawa. Tea, cigarettes, music and books.
4. Seven-character couplet
A century-old couple meet today; After the spring rain, half a couch is full of tea and cigarettes; Pisha stone moon spring musical instrument; Family heirloom, but thick;
A beautiful marriage will come true on this day. The color of the hedge is sooner or later. Tea adds fragrance to reading at night. Nothing strange, just frankness.
The spring breeze is elegant and can accommodate things; Spring back to Qian Shan show; Qian Shan's flowing poems; Gui Lan is called Meishou with one heart;
Autumn waters never touch dust. Rizhao shenzhou wanmuxin. A boat full of bright moon, cool breeze and fine wine. Changchun pine and cypress welcome the new year.
Three hundred poems of Gui Gui; The sea goes to the boundless sky as a coast; Good books are never tired of reading; Look at a thousand fingers coldly;
Plum blossoms live for thousands of years. I am the mountain peak. Good friends might as well go back. Keep your head down and be a willing cow.
Flowers and trees, full of spring; The spring scenery in front of the steps is so thick; Tips and sentences, good questions and new pictures; The soul reflects the three rivers;
The book is full of ancient joys. The scenery outside the wall is green. Ding Shicha read different books. Colorful light is stacked on five-color clouds.
Falling flowers are full of ink and grinding ink; Mo Chi's misty flower dew; Qingshan does not paint for thousands of years; Advise you to drink one more glass of wine;
Ru Yan went back to the window and quickly pulled up the shutters. There are fragrant bamboo clouds floating outside. Green water without strings. We will drown the sorrow of ten thousand generations! .
Mountain birds fly from one place to another; Business is as beautiful as spring; Business all over the world is booming; The water is as light as my friend;
Flowers in spring fall and blow away. Financial resources are longer than water resources. Strong financial resources, up to three rivers. Bamboo is my teacher.
Before the court, it was drizzling on Dongpo bamboo; Wan chun is mighty; When the mountain is quiet, the trees are green; Only heroes can be true;
There is a cool breeze on the pool. One day, the clouds cleared and the sun was shining. When the year is cold, count the flowers. He who loves himself is a true genius.
Idle away from the world, the face is ancient; The sage's mind is empty; Blessed are the well-off years; Peach in Yaochi has been ripe for three thousand years;
Lazy to ask the right and wrong in the world. The spirit of a saint is as quiet as blue. Great rivers and mountains spring everywhere. Sea house raises 800 spring.
Another year of spring grass green; Don't say what people lack; Poetry on the pillow, good leisure; The bead curtain rolls up the rain in the western hills at dusk;
Still ten miles of apricot flowers are red. The temporary period is a collection of ancient times. The scenery in front of the door is better late. Draw a building facing Nanpu Cloud.
Pick your own buds and cook snow;
And fold the frost and soak the jade.
5. Eight-character couplets
The heart of Jinshi, the room of Lan Zhi; The autumn moon shines on people, and the spring breeze sits on me; Take a quiet place in the mountains and send your feelings to the water;
Kindness and righteousness are friends, and morality is a teacher. Castle peak when the household, white clouds over the court. If you are empty, if you are awake.
Like Lansing, like pine trees; Look at pictures from the left wall and history from the right wall;
I will win, but the ice is clear. There is no wine to learn from Buddhism, and there is wine to learn from immortals.
Wang Chonglv Shi Lian
Rhyme is one of China's modern poems. The meter is very strict Shen Yue's new poems originated in the period of Qi Yongming in the Southern Dynasties, and paid attention to meter and duality. They were shaped in Shen Quanqi and Song Wenzhi in the early Tang Dynasty and matured in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Rhyme requires the unity of the number of words in the poem, and each poem is five-character, six-character and seven-character sentences, which are referred to as five laws, six laws and seven laws, among which six laws are relatively rare. The usual metrical poems stipulate 8 sentences each. If there are only six sentences, it is called a small law or a three-rhyme poem; More than 8 sentences, that is, 10 sentences, are called exclusive laws or long laws. Usually eight paragraphs are completed, and every two sentences form a couplet, which counts as four paragraphs. Traditionally, 1 couplet is a topic, the second couplet is a parallel, the third couplet is a neck couplet, and the fourth couplet is a sentence. The upper and lower sentences of 2 and 3 couplets (i.e. parallel couplets and neck couplets) of each song must be antithetical sentences. In addition to the first and last couplet, the middle couplet must be duplicated. The dual requirements of secondary laws are more extensive. Rhyme requires the whole poem to rhyme, and the rhyme is limited; The 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and 8 th sentences rhyme, and the first sentence can be pledged or not, and the words of each rhyming sentence are even. There are "flat rise" and "flat rise" in the upper and lower sentences. In addition, the metrical requirements of metrical poems also apply to quatrains.
There are variations in metrical poems in Tang Dynasty before and after they are finalized. Some metrical poems are not completely written according to the format, such as the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao, which means that the first half is archaic and the second half is homophonic. This change in metrical poetry is called "difficult style".
The Seven Rhymes is the abbreviation of Seven-character Rhyme. Each song has 8 sentences and 7 words, totaling 56 words. Generally speaking, every sentence is rhymed (the first sentence can be bet or not), and the rhyme remains unchanged at the end. Each of the four pairs of metrical poems has a specific name. 1 couplet is called the first couplet, the second couplet is called the parallel couplet, the third couplet is called the neck couplet, and the fourth couplet is called the tail couplet. According to the regulations, parallel couplets and neck couplets must be opposite, and the first couplet and the last couplet can be right or wrong. Seven-character poem just adds a rhythm unit in front of five-character poem, and its basic sentence pattern is:
Flat and faint; It is flat and flat;
Even, even, even. Flat and light, flat and light.
No matter how you change the seven-character modern poetry, you can't recognize these four basic sentence patterns. There is a rule in these sentence patterns, that is, each pair will be reversed: the level of the fourth word is opposite to the second word, and the sixth word is opposite to the fourth word, thus forming a sense of rhythm. However, every word can be reversed, because the stress falls on even syllables and the singular syllables are relatively unimportant. When writing a poem, it is difficult to make every sentence completely conform to the basic sentence patterns. It is possible to write quatrains, but it is almost impossible to write eight or even longer metrical poems. How to be flexible? Then it is necessary to sacrifice unimportant single digits and keep more important two digits and the most important last word. Therefore, there is a formula called "No matter whether one, three, five, two, four and six are distinct", that is to say, the levels of the first, three and five words (only seven words) can be handled flexibly, while the levels of the second, four, six and last words must be strictly observed. This formula is not completely accurate. In some cases, one, three and five must be discussed, and two, four and six may be ambiguous in some sentence patterns. We'll talk about it later, but let's first look at how to form a complete poem from these basic sentence patterns.
Seven-character type one format example Seven-character type two format example
My north, my south, is flooded with spring water, ⊙⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
Day after day, I only see seagulls. ⊙⊙1999 ⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙ (rhyme)
My road is covered with petals-I haven't cleaned the petals for others.
The door of my thatched cottage has been closed, but it is open for you now. ⊙⊙⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
It's a long way to the market. I can give you little. Where is the hometown of Qinling Mountains? ⊙⊙Ш
However, in my hut, we have old wine in our cups. ⊙仄仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄
Shall we ask my old neighbors to join us?
Call him through the fence and empty the jar? . ⊙⊙⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
-Tang Du Fu's "Five Laws: Guests Arrive"-Yu's "Five Laws: Moving Left to Languan to Meet Grandnephew"
Seven-character three-format example Seven-character four-format example
Zhuge's prestige transcends the earth, Pingping, in a sharp wind from the wide sky apes whimper, Pingping (rhyme)
Only respect for his face. ⊙ Pingping ⊙ Pingping (rhyme) Birds fly over the clear lake and the white sand beach and fly home. ⊙⊙⊙⊙和和Ping (rhyme)
However, his will, in the Three Kingdoms War, leaves fell like a waterfall.
Just burning a feather under the sky. Pingping (rhyme) and I think the long river always rolls forward. ⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙ (rhyme)
He is the brother of Yi, Lu and others. Ping, I have come three thousand miles from here. Sad now and autumn, flat.
Will eventually surpass all the greatest politicians. ⊙ Pingping ⊙ Pingping (Rhyme) With a hundred years of sorrow, I climbed this height alone. ⊙⊙⊙⊙和和Ping (rhyme)
Although he knew that there was no hope for the Korean family, the bad luck had frosted my temples.
However, he used his mind and gave his life for this. Pingping Pingping (rhyme) Heartache and exhaustion are a thick layer of dust in my wine. ⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙ (rhyme)
-Tang Du Fu's poem "Five Laws, Chanting Monuments"-Tang Du Fu's poem "Five Laws, Climbing the Mountain"
Wan Li accompanied Jin Tooth,
Tian Wuhai is like a Zhou Wang.
The Seven Sages of Xiangcheng Lost in the Air (couplet)
Weak water makes three mountains unstable. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
Yunlian Desert in the north of Saibei, (around the neck)
Zhou Nan Festival is a public holiday. (below the neck joint)
The situation in the two corners of Beijing is divided.
In the worst case, we must seize Kyushu.
-"Seven Laws of Du Nan" Poetry Alliance
Nanqiu kills people without blinking an eye,
High standard hibiscus copper column.
The wind is sad, the mountain corner is closed, (couplet)
When the sky is clear, there must be a shake. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
Recall that the suburbs meet each other in vain, (on the neck couplet)
Just worried about the drunken mink. (below the neck joint)
The white grass of the Yellow River rustles,
Huma, thousands of people shoot sculptures.
-"Seven Laws beginning of autumn Day" Poetry Union
Phoenix pipe and dragon flute are clear and sad,
Xu Bei is self-sufficient.
Haimen points to Liansan Lane, (turn to Lianlian)
Nine questions about Japanese patrol. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
Count clothes and seals, (around the neck)
Prevent autumn soldiers and horses from losing their flags. (below the neck joint)
There is no news about Changqing's suggestion of hunting.
Think about Wangjiang Lake.
-"Seven Laws, Two Odes to Autumn, Part One"
The cave is full of dust,
Sad and clear Jianghan Zhong Xuan Building.
Skyscraper Swan finally resigned, (couplet)
There are some negative boats. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
Huang Zhuling leads Chu Ze, (a couplet around his neck)
Baiyun Ran Ran meets Zhao Qiu. (below the neck joint)
Yu Jinyu wrote the Millennium Record,
I hate Jingyang Gudizhou.
-Poem couplets of "Two Poems of Seven Methods in Autumn"
Juyong Jieshi controls Humen,
Jade comes from the North Pole.
Pavilion Road winds through Haidai, (couplet)
See Kunlun Mountain in Tianhe. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
The bucket then knows the third-order train, (on the neck joint)
The sun moves from knowing nine orbits. (below the neck joint)
Not the waves in the suburbs,
Gui Bao Sun Wen in ten thousand.
-"Seven Laws, Four Stories of Xin, One of Poems"
Tailing pine and cypress are five clouds high,
Goodbye, Ji Kang. Take the red knife.
Long Wen of Nandou is king, (Zhuan Xu)
The Central Plains is brilliant everywhere. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
Qiu Wei does not leave an ink garden in disorder, (Upper Neck Couplet)
The rocks are connected with each other. (below the neck joint)
Hongzhi's famous minister is in heaven,
Yuan Gong should count the old grass.
-"Seven Laws, Four Ideas, the Second Part" poetry couplet
The tortoise ate Xia Geng Guang Qi,
The dragon's face and the angle of the sun reflect hibiscus.
Chen Dongxu and Wan Yan in the Nine Dynasties (couplet)
He Shan performed his duty. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
The general manager passed on the treasure to Lin, (a couplet around his neck)
Just look at Tianma and silver yellow. (below the neck joint)
Yu Xuan fell, Hong Jun turned around,
Jiao Shoucang took a look at the eight wastes.
-"Seven Laws, Four Ideas, the Second Part" poetry couplet
The chamberlain preached that mink was always inserted,
Tigerheart winds through.
Ercaorou will always be a rogue, (couplet)
The world army has lost half its troops. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
Snow and wind turn purple, (neck)
Bronze camel, golden horse and Yu. (below the neck joint)
35 or more perpetual calendar sets,
Strive to be a dragon and an emperor.
-"Seven Laws, Xin Si, Four Stories, Fourth" Poetry Union
Jinshi Shu Huaxia Qi Qing,
Cui Yan, He Dan and Xia Yunsheng.
Liang Haiyan Yujian was added (on the couplet).
Look straight into the mirror of the lake sail. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
The wall was startled by the wind, and the strings were ringing (on the neck joint)
Thousands of miles of forest are decorated with bamboo poles. (below the neck joint)
This reminds people of the king's riding,
I feel more comfortable in Xishan.
-"Seven methods, summer thatched cottage, go to the window, set up several reeds, several cool wind caves, the more shade of rattan and bamboo, the more leisurely and productive".
Yamada is really bitter and sandy.
Learn to grow five-color melons in Dongling.
To stir up a current means to see through carnations, (couplet)
Hedging prefers rattan flowers. (Transfer to Xia Lian)
The method of not taking food in the bag, (neck)
The stream is on the river and stays in the sea. (below the neck joint)
There is nothing wrong with not farming for a long time.
Just hang the horn on the south China.
-"Seven Laws of Hengshan Planting Melons" poetry couplet
Written by Wang Chonghe, it should be a couplet.
February warbler flowers, moving eyes and ears; (Chong Wang)
In the autumn of September, the shadow fragrance bothers my body and mind. (Wen Hengshan)
-Wen Hengshan responded to Wang Chong
China is the hometown of osmanthus fragrans, which is not only planted everywhere, but also has many couplets related to osmanthus fragrans in the courtyard. In this golden autumn season, if you can taste the couplets related to osmanthus, it will add the flavor of osmanthus. There were two literati in Ming Dynasty, one was Wang Chong and the other was Wen Hengshan. They often played together and entertained each other. Once when two people went out to enjoy the scenery, Wang Chong blurted out the first couplet. At this time, Wen Hengshan answered the second couplet. The first part of the book lost the beauty of the flowers in front of it, and the second part lived the shadow of osmanthus in the middle of the month. The first part is vivid and interesting.
From small to large, synthesize the word sword emperor; (Chong Wang)
See the king thousands of miles away and make two reappearance. (Wen Hengshan)
-Wen Hengshan responded to Wang Chong
Wen Hengshan and Wang Chong discussed the ritual seal. Wang Chong interpreted the sentence "small but big" and walked out of it. Wen Hengshan answered it. I overheard it. The difficulty lies in the sentence. Kuiwen Hengshan came up with the phrase "Seeing the king in a thousand miles", which is wonderful.
Appendix: Anecdotes of Wang Chong
Wu calligraphy school
Wang Shizhen, a famous writer and historian, said, "Calligraphy in the world belongs to Wu.". His so-called Wu is another name for Suzhou today. Wu is also called Wu Jun, San Wu, Wuzhong and Gusu. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, the Wumen School of Calligraphy, represented by Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming, Chen Chun and Wang Chong, appeared in Suzhou, which was called the "Four Schools of Wumen" in the history of calligraphy. At the same time, the Wumen School of Calligraphy, represented by Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying, was formed. These groups of calligraphers and painters gathered in Suzhou became the mainstream of calligraphy development in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and moved the center of calligraphy circle represented by Beijing court calligraphers to Jiangnan. The emergence of Suzhou painters is not an isolated phenomenon. It is the inevitable product of the economic and cultural development in Suzhou, and it has a profound background of the times. "There are three thousand layers of jade sleeves up and down, and a million dollars of water flows west, and five watches are bought. Somehow, four remote words are always different." This is what Tang Bohu once described at that time, and it is indeed a record of Suzhou's economic development at that time. During the short period of 70 years from Emperor Taizong to Xuanzong, a large number of policies favorable to economic development were promulgated, such as returning farmers to fields, which promoted the improvement of agricultural productivity and the development of handicrafts and industry and commerce. Hongzhi set up a state in Taicang for ten years, established a coastal port, and moved the overseas trade center from Yangzhou to Taicang Songjiang, creating conditions for Suzhou's foreign trade and economic development. By the middle of Ming Dynasty, Suzhou began to change from an agricultural city to an industrial and commercial city. The earliest bud of capitalist relations of production appeared. "Ming Shenzong Wanli Zhi" records: "The owner made a contribution, and the mechanic made a contribution", "Thousands of people died after dyeing the house, all of them were good citizens by their own efforts", and Suzhou became the national economic center. Wang Ao also described Suzhou's economic status in the Record of Gusu: "Today's wealth is mostly in the southeast, and Suzhou is the best." Economic prosperity has prompted businessmen from all over the country to gather here. They buy land and build gardens. Material abundance stimulated their spiritual and cultural needs, so there was a market for calligraphy and painting. In order to decorate their beautiful garden, they hire people to write letters, write calligraphy and paintings, or buy calligraphy and paintings. According to records, Shen Zhou calligraphers were asked to "be full of outdoor activities" and Wen Zhiming calligraphers were asked to "be full of outdoor activities". This grand occasion of seeking words and books has created a large number of painters and calligraphers.
Dating back to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Taihu Lake was a gathering place for literati and painters. Yuan Zhao Mengfu, Zhang Yu, Huang, Ni Zan, Zhenwu, Wang Meng and Yang Weizhen all took part in this activity. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang led the peasant Zhao Yi, and the imperial power collapsed, and military groups in various places became independent. Zhang Shicheng lived in Wu, because he was good at painting and calligraphy, and treated the literati with courtesy. Therefore, the literati painters and calligraphers of Hangzhou, who evaded troops from Wu in the southeast, moved to Taihu Lake one after another, and the cultural center moved from Hangzhou to Suzhou, forming a special cultural phenomenon of "recluse calligraphers" at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Calligraphers who jumped into the calligraphy field in the early Ming Dynasty were mostly their disciples and heavy disciples, which laid a solid foundation for the Suzhou-Hangzhou calligraphy and painting tradition. After Ming Taizu moved his father to Beijing, the ruling center also moved from Nanjing to Beijing. As the Southern Capital, Nanjing has a set of political institutions, but it exists in name only. In addition, after Yongle, the contradictions and struggles of the ruling class intensified, such as the "civil rebellion" and the "Gengwu rebellion". The internal power struggle gradually relaxed the court's control over Suzhou literati in the south of the Yangtze River, and the atmosphere of literati's painting and calligraphy creation became free and active, which was no longer like that in the early Ming Dynasty. Suzhou's economic prosperity, rich cultural accumulation and relaxed political atmosphere have created conditions for the formation of Wumen Calligraphy School from both inside and outside. The soil is fertile and fruitful. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, calligraphy gradually got rid of the fog of the pavilion and embarked on the road of healthy development. A large number of calligraphers with exploratory spirit have emerged in southern Jiangsu, with Suzhou as the center, such as Xu Youzhen, Li Yingzhen, Shen Zhou, Wu Kuan and Wang Ao. , can break the barriers of previous calligraphers, connect the Tang and Song Dynasties, as far away as Wei and Jin Dynasties, explore like a rooster crowing wild, and awaken the silent book world, even Zhu Yunming and Wen Zhiming.
In the mid-Ming Dynasty, Wu calligraphers were the most prosperous, and the representatives were Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming, Wang Chong, Chen Chun and so on. This statement is mainly based on Wang Shizhen's argument: "The calligraphy in the world belongs to Wu, Zhu Jingzhao is the most important, and the literature needs to be declared by letters, followed by princes and stone pets ... under the three gentlemen, there is also Chen Chun Daofu ..." Among the four Chinese, Zhu Yunming is older, and calligraphy is regarded as the first in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, so it is the first time to be classified with literature, and there is no objection. But looking at Wang Chong and Chen Chun, the former was younger than the latter 10 years old, and died young at the age of 40, but ranked third after Zhu and Wen, which undoubtedly showed the prominent position of Wang Chong in Wu Pai's calligraphy. However, in the study of contemporary calligraphy, the evaluation of Chen Chun and Wang Chong is better than the latter, and even the ranking of the four schools is changed to Zhu, Wen, Chen and Wang, which reflects the difference in evaluation between Ming Dynasty and contemporary calligraphers. Wang Shizhen's view of the four schools has its epochal and cultural factors. The position of Chen Chun and Wang Chong in the eyes of Ming people can be regarded as a meaningful topic in the study of book theory in Ming Dynasty. Strictly speaking, Chen Chun is behind Wang Chong, and even doesn't occupy a place in individual comments, not only because his title is covered up by his painting name, but also because of the calligraphy thought of Ming people. Wang Chong's lofty position in calligraphy is not simply due to his outstanding calligraphy skills.