Dalian-Yantai subsea tunnel (Yantai-Dalian subsea tunnel may face difficulties)
The Yantai-Dalian Cross-Harbour Tunnel is an important project, which has attracted the attention of many media and people for many years, especially the people in Yantai and Dalian, and even the people in Shandong and Liaoning. 10 years ago, under the vigorous publicity and hype of some media, real estate agents and related personnel, the cross-harbour tunnel seemed to be built soon, but year after year, when the heat of each year passed, it always became a castle in the air. Until now, people still can't see anything. In view of this, today's special issue introduces in detail the difficulties that may be encountered in the construction of the Yan _ submarine tunnel (also known as the Bohai Strait cross-sea passage project). When is the tunnel likely to be completed?
Assumption of Dayan subsea tunnel
1. Development course of Yantai-Dalian sea-crossing channel 1. Scheme of Yantai-Dalian cross-sea passage. 1992, Liu Xinhua, former vice president of ludong university, and relevant personnel formed a research group to put forward the idea of building a sea-crossing bridge from Yantai to Dalian, and strengthen the connection between Yantai and Northeast China. The original idea was to build a bridge from Penglai, Yantai to Lushun, Dalian, which would not only facilitate the passage of vehicles, but also become an important scenic spot in China.
2. The evolution of Yantai-Dalian cross-sea passage. With the deepening of research, the research group found that there are many islands in Penglai-Changdao section that can be used to build connecting bridges, while Changdao-Lushun section is not suitable for building bridges because of its large span and deep sea surface. Therefore, the scheme is changed to "south bridge and north tunnel", that is, a connecting bridge is built in the south and a submarine tunnel is built in the north. Subsequently, the research gradually deepened, and the scheme of "South Bridge and North Sui" was abandoned again, and the construction scheme of Penglai-Lushun full tunnel was changed and finally determined.
3. The final conception of Yantai-Dalian cross-sea passage. Entering 2 1 century, China's high-speed railway has developed rapidly. Considering the problem of automobile exhaust emission in the cross-harbour tunnel with a total length of 100 km, the research group put forward a scheme that the motor train carries out the transportation task and pulls people through the tunnel. The running speed of the bullet train reaches 220km/h, and it only takes 40 minutes from Yantai to Dalian. This plan has also become the final plan at present.
Second, the current construction may face difficulties 1. The influence of geological factors. As we all know, Yan subsea tunnel is located at the edge of the Tan-Lu fault zone (the Tan-Lu earthquake zone), which is one of the major fault zones in a series of giant fault systems in northeast China on the East Asian continent. 1668, an earthquake of magnitude 8.5 occurred in Tancheng County, located on the fault zone, which was the worst earthquake in eastern China for thousands of years. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, there have been two earthquakes of magnitude above 7 in Bohai Bay and one earthquake of magnitude 7.4 in Haicheng 1974. In recent years, small earthquakes of magnitude 3 or so often occur in Bohai Bay. Therefore, geological factors are important factors to be considered in the construction of subsea tunnels. According to reports at home and abroad, although the tunnel has strong seismic capacity, no tunnel with such a long distance and complicated geological conditions has been built in the world at present, so the project faces many unpredictable factors.
2. Ecological and environmental factors. Although the cross-harbour tunnel has less impact on the ecology than the cross-sea bridge, according to the current research at home and abroad, there are still many impacts on the marine ecology. For example, geological exploration needs # 28856; #33647; Explosives and so on. , will cause direct death of plankton, benthos and marine life. The high decibel noise produced by some new environmental protection exploration tools has a great influence on the activities of marine life. At present, the shield method, drilling and blasting method and immersed tube method used in submarine tunnels will have adverse effects on the marine ecological environment. In the process of construction, marine ecology is also seriously polluted by oil spill from construction ships, and so on.
3. Investment return factor. Economic factors, namely input-output factors, are also an important aspect to be considered at present. According to the published research results, the total investment of the project is about 200-300 billion yuan. This huge investment is comparable to the Three Gorges Project, but its benefits are too unknown. Even # 26368; #20302; With the investment of 200 billion yuan, it is still unknown whether the traffic volume and passenger flow between Yantai and Dalian and even northeast to Shandong can reach the predicted volume. At the same time, after the tunnel is completed, Yantai-Dalian Ferry and Yantai-Dalian Railway Ferry will continue to divert tourists and vehicles from Yantai to Dalian. Whether the economic benefits are worthwhile is also a major factor to be considered.
Bohai ferry between Yantai and Dalian.
4. International environmental impact. Yantai and Dalian are close to North Korea, South Korea and Japan. Although the situation on the Korean peninsula has gradually stabilized in recent years, the two sides have not reached an agreement on peace, and there are still some unstable factors in Northeast Asia. At present, the international environment is also a factor to be considered. After all, such a huge investment project needs a safe and stable surrounding environment to fully guarantee the safe operation of the project.
3. When will the Bohai Strait cross-sea passage project be completed? 1. The significance of the Bohai Strait cross-sea passage project. The construction of the Bohai Strait cross-sea passage project will turn the original "C"-shaped traffic around the Bohai Sea into "I"-shaped direct traffic, which will not only deepen the economic exchanges between Liaoning and Shandong, but also have great significance for the economic take-off of the Bohai Sea economic circle, the overall economic revitalization of the three northeastern provinces and the economic exchanges between Northeast China and East China.
The economic circle around Bohai Sea has become an important pole of China's economic development.
2. Local construction experience. Han Qing Tunnel: The tunnel crosses Tsutsugaru Strait, with a total length of 54 kilometers and a submarine part of 23 kilometers. 1964 was started and 1987 was completed, which took 23 years. B. English Channel Tunnel: The tunnel is 50 kilometers long. 1987, 1994. It took seven years before and after. C. Cross-harbour tunnel of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge: with a total length of 5.6 kilometers, it is the longest highway immersed tunnel in the world and the only deep-buried immersed tunnel, and its construction took seven years. From the experience at home and abroad, the cross-harbour tunnel is a huge project with large investment, long time and great difficulty. The Bohai Strait cross-sea passage 100 km subsea tunnel project will face huge investment and complex technology before emptying, and the construction period needs at least 15 years.
Japan's green channel in operation
3. Estimate the construction time. From the point of view of Yantai and Dalian, and even Shandong and Liaoning, it is certain that the sooner we start construction, the better. But from a higher level, there are many factors to consider. Fortunately, at present, the project has been unanimously recognized by many academicians of the two academies and related experts and scholars, and has been included in the Outline of Cooperation and Development in Bohai Rim Region, the Medium-and Long-term Development Plan of Shandong Comprehensive Transportation Network (20 18-2035) and other documents. However, we should be soberly aware that this project has not been included in the Tenth Five-Year Plan (202 1-2025). At present, even with the most optimistic attitude, it can be included in the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2026-2030) and will be started smoothly in 2026. In addition, the construction period of 15 will not be completed until at least 204 1, that is, 20 years later.
Finally, the author believes that we should look forward to the Bohai Strait cross-sea passage project with enthusiasm and treat it realistically!
2. China will build the longest undersea tunnel in the world: connecting Yantai and Dalian, with a total design investment of 300 billion yuan. China will build the longest undersea tunnel in the world: connecting Yantai and Dalian, with a total design investment of 300 billion!
Relying on excellent construction technology and solid production level, China has created many artificial engineering models in the past ten years. The 100-meter bridge between the two mountains can change the time distance between the two cities from four or five hours to one hour; Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge directly connects Zhuhai, Hong Kong and Macao through cross-sea bridges and tunnels? These projects not only look magnificent, but also have very important practical significance. Another super project that Bian Xiao will tell you today is in the Bohai Sea.
As we know, the Bohai Sea, as China's inland sea, has a nearly closed bay environment visually. Just along the coast of Bohai Bay, many cities are booming. But the communication between these cities is very inconvenient. For example, from Yantai to Dalian, if you draw a straight line, the distance may be very close, but the reality is that if you don't fly, it is called the Bohai Bay high-speed rail, which is more than five times longer than the straight line distance between the two places.
Therefore, in order to make the traffic situation in Bohai Bay a real "closed loop", China began to plan and design a cross-harbour tunnel project leading directly to Bohai Sea as early as 20 10. The two ends of this tunnel connect Yantai and Dalian. According to the design content, the whole tunnel length will reach 130 km.
Maybe many people don't think that 130 km is a long distance in highway mileage. However, when we review the cross-sea projects around the world (especially the cross-sea tunnel projects), we will find that the Japanese Han Qing Tunnel, which ranks first in the world, is only 54 kilometers. So once this project is successfully completed, it will become the world's leading subsea tunnel.
The investment budget of this tunnel has exceeded 300 billion yuan, and it may continue to climb during the construction process. After all, the distance is long, accompanied by many construction difficulties and uncertainties. Even though our production technology is advanced, sometimes there are still many risks in front of nature.
Moreover, it is said that the design of this tunnel will not only meet people's travel by car, but also have a special railway tunnel. This railway will connect the high-speed rail lines of the whole Bohai Bay in series and become a real ring. In this way, the time distance between north and south cities may be directly compressed to 5 hours 1 hour. Such time distance compression is self-evident for the development of the two cities. It is also of great significance to the railway transportation network of the whole country in China.
Yantai and Dalian, as the two ends of the tunnel, have developed very rapidly in China in recent years. Although tourism resources are all seaside customs, their styles are quite different. It is conceivable that friends who love traveling will be able to travel back and forth between the two cities on the same day after the tunnel is completed. The rapid development of traffic is bound to bring about rapid economic growth.