ZT: Historical injustice: Shang Zhouwang and da ji are not poor.
There is Sue's daughter. Shang Zhouwang Angel's favorite concubine is very beautiful. Zhou Wang dotes on her very much, does everything she says, regardless of state affairs, feasts day and night. Later, Zhou Wuwang took the opportunity to launch the warlord's attack. After the battle of Makino, the business was destroyed in one fell swoop. Zhou Wang fled to Lutai for self-mutilation, and da ji was also killed by King Wu.
Da ji is really wronged. Scholars of all ages, relying only on speculation and imagination, gradually realized da ji's evil, which made her bear the stigma of being the first witch in the ages.
They have always been regarded as an evil man and woman.
Of all the "femme fatale" in China, I'm afraid the most vicious one is da ji, the favored concubine of Shang Dynasty. Moreover, when two people are mixed together, it can be regarded as "the husband sings with the woman", which is surprisingly in tune. According to Shi Ji Yin Benji, Zhou Wang is cruel, but if we interpret it with folk romance of ghosts and gods, it is simply abnormal and has a serious tendency of "sadomasochism". According to the Romance of Gods, da ji was possessed by a thousand-year-old fox spirit, and was ordered by Nu Wa to disturb the Shang Dynasty, so Zhou Wang became so strange and did those cruel things.
Of course, this is superstitious and unreliable. This beautiful woman named da ji is naturally not a fox. "Today" records: "When attacking the Soviet Union, Su Shi took da ji as his daughter." In other words, da ji is the "trophy" of Zhou Wang's victory. It is said that the totem of a tribe is the nine-tailed fox, so there will be a supplementary meeting like the Romance of the Gods. Although da ji is not a fox, he still fascinates Zhou Wang's emotional state. Only "da ji keeps his word".
According to official records, Zhou Wang not only made "the sound of new Yin, the dance of northern customs and the joy of decadence" to please da ji, but also raised money from the people and built a tall and magnificent Lutai, which was filled with rare treasures. At the same time, "the accumulated disadvantages are high, the wine is a pool, and the meat is a forest, which makes people naked and idle." Drinking all night for fun is extremely barren.
Worst of all, he was soft-hearted, and listened to da ji the most, even to the point where "da ji was precious and da ji was avenged". In this way, the world is not peaceful, the people complain, and the princes rebel. At this time, da ji gave Zhou Wang a "cruel trick" and invented a criminal law to punish prisoners, called "branding method". It is to put a thick copper column horizontally, light a charcoal fire below it, and then order "the guilty people to walk on it." After a few steps, they all fell into the blazing coals and burned alive. Every time I saw the prisoner struggling and screaming in the coals, da ji "laughed". How to laugh, laugh or sneer is unknown. Zhou Wang's uncle Bigan couldn't stand this cold and abnormal practice, so he remonstrated with him and said, "If the laws of the former king are not fixed and women are used, the consequences will be unimaginable." This sentence touched a sore spot for Zhou Wang, who was very angry and thought it was a "myth" that misled people and embarrassed him. At this time da ji embellished it. When the cherry blossoms, she spits out a bloody sentence: "I heard that a saint has seven minds ..." Hearing this, Zhou Wang said Effie was so curious, so open it and have a look. So, "look at it."
According to historical records, he also chopped one of the two ministers, Jiuhou and Hubei Hou, into paste and the other into dried meat. Another courtier, Xibochang (namely Zhou Wen Wang Jichang), wanted to be branded, but he was very clever and immediately gave it mainly to Zhou Wang, "a beautiful woman with wonderful things and a good horse" and his own Luoxi territory. Zhou Wang let go and let him go. Later, several ministers with brains pretended to be crazy and sold stupidity, sold stupidity and sold stupidity, defected to the enemy and were exiled. In this way, the natural heart turns away, and the princes are centrifugal. Soon, Xibochang's son Zhou Wuwang rebelled and defeated him. He didn't want to surrender or be humiliated, so he put on the most beautiful clothes, took the best treasure and burned himself with a torch. And his beauty da ji, the result is even worse, was beheaded, cut off the head was hung on a small white flag, let the world see, let all the women in the world have a lesson.
Are they really that bad?
Both official history and unofficial history say that da ji is a femme fatale. This argument has become a household name and is deeply rooted in people's hearts. But the question is, is this the real situation in history?
Let's talk about Zhou Wang first. History books of all ages have symbolized him as a tyrant, but this image is still far from his real situation.
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Zi Gong was somewhat uneasy. He resented Zhou Wang's injustice and said, "It's better to be bad than bad! It is a gentleman who lives in filth, and there will be bad news in future generations. "
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Wang's crime was limited to "remonstrating death". By the Warring States period, Bigan's death became vivid. Qu Yuan said that he was drowned, while the public servant in Lv Buwei said that he died of his heart. By the time Sima Qian wrote Historical Records in the Han Dynasty, there had been a more vivid interpretation, saying that Zhou Wang cut open his heart to satisfy da ji's curiosity and wanted to see if the heart of a "saint" was 7. Huangfu Mi in Jin Dynasty was a doctor by profession, so when he wrote some articles on literature and history, he would inevitably commit some "occupational diseases". It was inferred that Zhou Wang dissected pregnant women at the instigation of da ji to see the shape of the fetus. Zhou Wang is not good, but it's not that bad. Isn't it a big mistake for later scholars to process and interpret according to their personal likes and dislikes?
As for the most famous legends of "meat forest in wine pool" and "fried pork" in Zhou Wang, they were not recorded in the literature of the Zhou Dynasty, nor in the Spring and Autumn Period, but at the end of the Warring States Period, Han Feizi suddenly and vividly described: "In the past, people were afraid of Ji Zi because they thought that elephants would not be added to the soil, but would be a cup of rhinoceros horn jade; Elephant chopsticks and jade cups must not be thick soup, but they must be strong, with elephant leopard tires; Camels, elephants, and leopards must eat. There are no short clothes and brown clothes under the hut, so the brocade clothes are nine heavy and the room is wide and high. After living for five years, I became a meat garden, set off firecrackers, climbed a bad mountain, came to the wine pool, and died like this. " It is said that Han Feizi stutters, but the article is eloquent and imaginative. However, at that time, "a hundred schools of thought contend" was eloquent. In order to publicize his personal opinions and demonstrate his own views, he can't help but focus on inspiring words. The word "strong" is unreasonable. Many arguments are also "taken for granted." Sima Qian, who is "beautiful without concealing evil", sometimes touches the pen. For example, on the basis of Han Feizi's "wine pool meat forest", the reasonable imagination of "streaking between men and women" is added. Of course, before him, some people made a big fuss about the area of the wine pool, saying that they could "go back to the rotten hillock and drink cattle for more than 3 thousand generations." This kind of imagination can only be described as "crazy".
Perhaps, in their view, Zhou Wang is not a good bird anyway, and it is just as well to describe it with * * and ridiculous. Another purpose of history is to warn future generations, so their imagination and polishing often seem calm and generous. For example, Liu Xiang, a great historian after Sima Qian, promoted the Lutai area in Zhou Wang to "three miles a year, with high thousands of feet", but Huangfu Mi in the Jin Dynasty felt that it was not enough. He gritted his teeth and raised the building height of Lutai ten times, reaching the point of "soaring".
At the same time, da ji's uber and diabolical image has been gradually upgraded. From the sentence "Listen to women's words" in Shangshu to "da ji was in favor, so he died of yin compared with him" in Guoyu, and then to "Shang Dynasty's chaos, drunken virtue, da ji's rule, improper reward and punishment" in Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals, it is not too unreasonable. Later, the older you get, the richer your imagination and the more vivid the historical materials you write. Until later, the Romance of the Gods was even more fascinating because it lacked the attention of historians and many materials provided by scholars in previous dynasties. The sin of a wicked woman through the ages will eventually belong to her.
In this regard, we can't help asking ourselves: Although da ji's almost abnormal behavior was invented by later generations, why do we always talk about it and seem happy to pour this dirty water on a woman?
Zhou Wang is also a tragic figure.
So, why is Zhou Wang described so tragically?
This has to start with Zhou Wang himself. "Historical Records Yin Benji" said that he was "very sensitive and heard about it by distinguishing diseases; He is courageous, resourceful and both civil and military. Unfortunately, it is precisely because of these extraordinary talents that he is arrogant and does not listen to other people's opinions. He has the bad habits of "respecting people and ministers, raising the voice of the world" and "thinking that everyone is under himself"
At the same time, he also has the problem of "having fun drinking good wine and wooing women". As a king, a hero and a man, these faults are not too big, and they are by no means exaggerated by future generations. People in Shang dynasty drank good wine, and liked to eat with wine and gather people to drink heavily. This is the consistent ethos of that dynasty. Judging from the unearthed artifacts, the drinking utensils in the late Shang Dynasty increased significantly, indicating that drinking became more and more popular in society. In other words, this may be a serious social problem, but it is not enough to subjugate the country.
If the punishment for his time is too heavy, it is also objective and unfair. Each era has its own cultural characteristics. We can't ask him to enforce the law in a civilized way. Can we use the electric chair or intravenous injection? Here, I might as well use facts to illustrate. According to "The Great Mo Yu of Shangshu", the Xia Dynasty had a "five punishments" system and a "Xiatai" prison. In addition to beheading, there are various cruel punishments such as cooking, chopping into paste, chopping cars, beheading, strangulation, burning to death, abandoning cities, genocide and so on. In other words, these punishments were not invented by Shang Zhouwang. Whether to impose such punishment on his political opponents or criminals is a question for the judicial system.
Another example will help us understand the punishment at that time. "Everything is Wrong" records: "Yin's law, those who abandon ashes to righteousness will break their hands." This is a heavy sentence for a misdemeanor. At that time, Zigong thought that the crime was light and the punishment was heavy, so he asked Confucius. Confucius, on the other hand, thought that those who made such punishment knew the truth of governing the country. Because if you happen to meet a passerby when you are dusting, and his face is covered with dust, then this person must
Anger, anger will fight, because of the crime of fighting, according to the law at that time to destroy the three families. Therefore, the fault of throwing away the ashes by pottery seems to be light, but it is actually heavy. Such a heavy penalty is very reasonable. Therefore, Shang Gao praised "Yin punishment has virtue". This shows that the punishment of Shang Dynasty seems barbaric, but it is reasonable, which accords with the social background at that time.
In other words, he is by no means a helpless king, but why did he still fail? Zhou Wang's evil was indeed escalated by the literati step by step.
According to the analysis of historical data, apart from many uncertain factors, the greatest possibility is that the success of the coup staged by Zhou Wuwang is very accidental and speculative. Zhou Wang killed Bi Gan and imprisoned Ji Zi, probably because of different political views, but he was unprepared for Wei Zize (his own brother). Later, Wei Zi betrayed his brother and country and led the wolf into the room. No wonder everyone called him a China (Shang) traitor and lamented that "Wei Zi is the worst!"
Practically speaking, Zhou Wang was a very successful monarch. At that time, the Shang Dynasty had a powerful army, all equipped with advanced bronze weapons and armor, and his combat troops also included special forces such as "Elephant Team". There is a record in ancient books that "merchants abused the East with elephants". So his troops are invincible and invincible. At that time, he had two main rivals, one was Zhou in the west and the other was Yi tribe in the east. Zhou Wang fought fiercely with King Wen in Licheng, Shanxi Province, and defeated King Wen (King Wen was captured and imprisoned in Youli, probably in this war). If Jiang Ziya, a militarist of Dongyi, hadn't rebelled against Dongyi in the eastern part of Shang Dynasty, Ji Chang would have been put to death by Zhou Wang, instead of being put home as stated in the history books.
After a short rest, Zhou Wang immediately sent his troops eastward, intending to get rid of the threat from the East once and for all, so as to avoid future trouble forever. With superior forces, such as the autumn wind sweeping away leaves, the Shang army has been hitting the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, subduing most of the Dongyi tribes, capturing thousands of Dongyi people and winning a great victory. Judging from the time recorded in Zuo Zhuan, he probably passed by a Su tribe and captured da ji in this war of conquering Dongyi.
But this protracted battle almost brought down the Shang Dynasty. According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions, it takes about 200 days for a businessman to recruit a round trip, which is a very wasteful thing. A human skull engraved with the words "Fang Bo" was unearthed in Yin Ruins in Anyang. Apparently, the Shang army killed Fang's monarch and brought back his skull as a trophy. Although Shang finally defeated the human side, its national strength was greatly consumed, so Zuo Zhuan commented: "It is a loss to conquer the East and harm its health."
Return to absolute being, Zhou Wuwang learned from Zhou Wang's younger brother Wei Zi's informant that the army was going all out, and the defense of the capital was very weak, so he sent troops to raid Shangzhou and launched a decisive battle in Konoha. At that time, the elite division of Shang Wang went to the southeast and failed to get back in time. Therefore, 700,000 Dongyi prisoners and slaves had to be temporarily armed to fight. The battle of Makino was extremely tragic. "Bleeding and drifting, thousands of miles naked" described in Shangshu is by no means what the later history books say: slaves fled when they got cold feet, but Zhou Wuwang won without bloodshed.
Zhou Wang refused to surrender. He chose to die with dignity, so he committed suicide. Later, the adherents of Shang Dynasty were unconvinced and rebelled under the guidance of Wu Geng, the son of Zhou Wang. It took Zhou people three years to suppress the riot, which showed the unity of Shang adherents and the prestige of Zhou Wang. Confucius made a thought-provoking comment on Zhou Wang's death: "You don't know the death of a monarch, only the death of a fool!" Probably also lamented that he was too martial and ignored the importance of convincing others with virtue. In this regard, different people have different views, and it is difficult to judge. But one thing is clear, that is, you can't always "judge heroes by success or failure." The last thing I can do is to involve innocent women and smear and abuse them at will.
History is not a little girl dressed up; Women are not plastic flowers that are randomly fiddled with.
To convict da ji, but also to convict all women who are accessories of men in history. The historical materials about her are limited, and the age is too long, so her history can only be said how she was hacked. Talking about her failure can only discuss how the man she is attached to failed. Ancient women were just a foil for men. Success, enjoyment of wealth, failure, not only cost life, but also bear many historical stigma. So, whose sorrow is this? . . .