Imperial examination, called "national examination", is a modern version of the imperial examination and a continuation of the imperial examination system. Yang Di Yang Guang was the first emperor to establish the imperial examination system, which was a great feat of social progress. The brilliant emperor Yang Di founded the imperial examination system and announced that he would openly recruit talents from the society. For scholars and rulers, the imperial examination system is a moderate and acceptable cultural management tool. Scholars have always opposed violence, and they seek utility through examinations. Compared with blood reward, the natural cost is very low. In order to enter the government through this narrow gap, smart people have been in Confucian books all their lives, so they have no energy to rebel and make trouble, so the rulers are very worried. However, due to the short-term rule of the Sui Dynasty, this invention failed to get a good practical application. The rising star of the Tang Dynasty inherited and greatly developed this great thought of Yang Guang. The imperial examination system does have many advantages. It broke through the monopoly of aristocratic families on official career and played a role in restraining the portal. The source of officials expanded, and a large number of low-ranking civilian landlords and intellectuals joined the political power through the imperial examination, which expanded the ruling foundation of the Tang Dynasty and made the gentry system gradually die out. The imperial examination combined reading examination with being an official, which improved the cultural quality of officials; The imperial examination centralized the power of selecting talents and appointing officials from local predators to the central government, which greatly strengthened centralization and was conducive to political stability. In order to avoid missing talents because of an exam mistake, the Tang government has the practice of pre-exam evaluation. Although the original intention of this method is good, there are many problems. Because of the importance of recommendation before the exam, candidates compete for celebrity evaluation, even regardless of shame. First, in order to visit celebrities, a large sum of money was paid for interviews (leading to official corruption). There is also a fatal flaw in the design of imperial examinations: learning without using it. In the early Tang Dynasty, Jinshi, Mingjing, Mingsuan and Fa Ming were in parallel; Since then, Jinshi and Mingjing have become the main subjects, and practical subjects are no longer valued. The people are proud of being an official, and practical technology cannot be an official, so the number of learners naturally decreases. The subjects offered in the early Tang Dynasty, such as Faming, Shu Ming and Ziming, are practical and attract talents. However, since then, only two subjects, Ming Jing and Jinshi, have been emphasized, and Fa Ming has been abolished, resulting in abuses. As far as influence is concerned, practical learning is gradually despised. Objectively, the Chinese nation has long lacked confidence in natural science. After the Ming Dynasty, the development of science and technology in China slowed down day by day, which was related to this. Biography of Yang Guang: Yang Di Yang Guang (569-6 18) was the second emperor of Sui Dynasty, and he was the emperor of Tang Dynasty. His grandson, Taidi Yang Dong, was the sai-jo Ming Di, and Dou Jiande was the emperor of Xia Dynasty. A small English word? 6? 8。 Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the second son of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, and the mother document of Queen Dugu. In November of the 20th year of Emperor Kai (600 years), he became a prince, and in July of the 4th year of Renshou (604 years), he succeeded to the throne. After he ascended the throne, he had great ambitions for national politics and worked hard to realize them. During his reign, he built the Grand Canal, Luoyang City, the eastern capital, the Silk Road, the great construction, the imperial examination, and personally conquered Tuguhun and Goguryeo.