Yang Paoan's father, Fuxiang, sells tea and porcelain for a living. My mother Chen Zhi was born in a family of overseas Chinese officials and businessmen. She is meticulous and strong-willed. She received an old-fashioned education and loved poetry and calligraphy. Fu Xiang died when she was a child, leaving orphans and widows to live by Chen Zhi's craft. Although her family is poor, she doesn't want to be supported by her parents. The gap between the rich and the poor in the old society sowed the seeds of dissatisfaction with the world in Ann's young mind.
Ian read poetry and ancient prose with his mother's thigh since he was a child, and later he claimed to be; "I was quite poetic when I was young." This is mostly influenced by his mother. When Yang Paoan was a child, he went to work-study school in his hometown. He worships national heroes in history, such as Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang's eternal swan song, "Who has never lived or died since ancient times, taking Dan Xin as a historical mirror", often makes Yang Paoan chant. He has excellent academic performance, writes many poems, is talented at an early age, and is often praised by relatives and friends. Later, in the Preface to Selected Poems, he said that when he was a teenager, "it is a mistake to call friends old with poems." It can be seen that when he was a teenager, he had a good reputation in the school neighborhood. After graduating from elementary school, his family sold his land and asked his relatives to take him to Guangzhou, where he was admitted to the preparatory course of Guangdong and Guangxi universities. The predecessor of Guangdong and Guangxi Higher Education School was Guangya Academy founded by Zhang Zhidong, the leader of Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty. It is the most famous university in southern China. After the Revolution of 1911, it was renamed Provincial No.1 Middle School (now Guangya Middle School). Before and after the name change, Wu Daorong, a famous scholar in China, and Huang Jie, a poet, successively served as principals, offering courses in mathematics, science, culture and Japanese. Under the guidance of the tutor, he not only laid a solid foundation in the study of literature and history, but also widely contacted Zhang Zhidong's Westernization School, Kang's School, Liang Weixin School, Xiangshan Fellow School, Sun Yat-sen's Democratic Revolutionary School, Liu Shifu's Anarchism School and other social thoughts.
19 1 1 The Revolution of 1911 broke out, the recruits revolted and Xiangshan recovered. But the fruits of the revolution were quickly usurped by Yuan Shikai. Sun Yat-sen launched the "second revolution" and failed. Yuan Shikai's lackey Long Jiguang occupied Guangdong, and his bandit team "Ji Jun" was stationed in Xiangshan, gambling and selling cigarettes, raping and plundering, committing all kinds of crimes. The reactionary gentry who fled to Hong Kong and Macao during the Revolution of 1911 came back one after another, and the horror of feudal restoration permeated Xiangshan urban and rural areas for a while. Yang Paoan witnessed the drastic changes in the political situation, thinking of the motherland with thousands of years of civilization, and his hometown with beautiful scenery, wolves in power and tigers and leopards running rampant. "Domineering cultural relics have changed, and they are flowing, although they are sad." He can't help wondering and thinking, where is the way out for the motherland? Where is the way out for the younger generation? What can we do to wash away the humiliation and disaster imposed on this ancient nation by foreign invaders for hundreds of years? He tossed and turned, but he couldn't find a clear answer. After graduating from Provincial No.1 Middle School, Yang Paoan returned to his hometown Gongdu Primary School to teach. Because he and his colleagues exposed the corruption of the principal, he was falsely accused of going to prison. After he was released from prison, he saw through the darkness of society even more. This year, with a vision of a bright future, he and his uncle Yang and other overseas Chinese businessmen traveled eastward to Yokohama, Japan. I wanted to rely on a relative of my colleague to introduce my career, but the comprador of the foreign firm heard that they were out of prison and turned them away. Yang Paoan had to live in a small attic in Yokohama and make a living by finding some odd jobs. After a long time, all the books with me have been sold out, and I still can't find a permanent job. They also published a mimeographed publication "So" and peddled it on the street, in order to accuse overseas Chinese of their crimes against their hometown warlords and gentry, and they were framed and imprisoned for exposing corruption. Yang Paoan often can't afford the rent. He once described his difficult situation with the poem "avoid debt and be afraid of getting the ladder". But he didn't bow to difficulties, and insisted on self-study when he was hungry. His Japanese has a solid foundation in China. After arriving in Japan, due to his hard work, he will soon be able to engage in translation work. He often went to bookstores, drilled into libraries, and eagerly studied Japanese books about the new theories of western schools, which laid the foundation for him to publish a large number of translated works in China in the future.
Our neighbor is a private girls' school, and its owner, Pan, is Kang Youwei's cousin and an old overseas Chinese teacher who loves the motherland and is full of national integrity. She deeply sympathized with the experiences of Yang Paoan and others, and repeatedly introduced students to buy their own publications. Yang Paoan often comes to the Kang family to talk about poetry, literature and various social theories, and often sings poems and sings together. 1965438+In the autumn of 2006, Mr. Pan was ill and asked Mr. Pan to take over his job. A week later, the patriotic overseas Chinese teacher left a legacy-the girl died. Kang Jingzhao, the daughter of Teacher Pan, later recalled that when she first arrived in Yokohama, she often corresponded with domestic anarchists and taught herself a Japanese translation of Marxism, and her thoughts gradually changed. 19 16 winter, Yang Paoan returned from Japan, married Wu Peiqi, a girl from a neighboring village, and went to Macau to teach after marriage. 19 18 At the beginning of this year, my family moved to Guangzhou, taught in a private Shimin middle school, worked as a reporter for China New Newspaper, and lived with Yang in Yangjiamiao, Temple Back Street. At this time, Yang Paoan had a child, a single menstruation, a cousin whose parents died, and a family of seven, and their lives were difficult. However, Yang Paoan was indifferent to self-satisfaction. A colleague in the police station asked him to be a secretary, and many people coveted such a "fat job". However, Yang Paoan thinks it is open, and would rather live in poverty than go with the flow.
This year, Pan Jingzhao, the daughter of Mr. Pan, also returned to Guangzhou from Yokohama as the principal of Doggett Girls' School. She invited Yang Paoan to Doggett to teach poetry. Yang Paoan taught students to write: "Take justice and be pragmatic, and talk vulgar and high"; It is believed that "poetry and prose are first expensive but not vulgar ... but those who want poetry and prose to be vulgar must be vulgar first, and those who want others to be vulgar must be vulgar and must be rejected." He wrote these ideas into "Preface to Selected Poems" and distributed them to students together with the handouts. Under the influence of the May 4th Patriotic Movement and the New Culture Movement, great changes have taken place in Yang Paoan's thoughts. On the one hand, he deeply realized the greatness of working people's strength from the storm of world revolution and the May 4th Movement in Russia, Germany and other countries. On the other hand, he was inspired by the Japanese socialist movement and the October Revolution in Russia, which made him stride from the ideological realm of radical democrats to the Marxist proletarian world outlook. 19 19 From the end of May to the end of February of the same year, during the climax of the May 4th patriotic movement in Guangzhou, he wrote 890,000-word articles introducing new cultural thoughts and Marxism for China New Newspaper.
Guangdong China New Newspaper was a major newspaper in Guangzhou at that time. President Rong Boting is a friend of Li Dazhao and Lin, and also a member of the "Shenzhou Society", an organization for Japanese students studying in China who opposes Yuan Shikai. Under the influence of the New Culture Movement in the North and the Japanese socialist ideological trend, the newspaper added a supplement of Popular University from June 19 19, aiming at introducing the new western ideological trend and scientific knowledge. Yang Paoan is very concerned about the development of Guangdong student movement. From May, 2 1 year, he wrote "Youth Psychological Speech" and published it continuously for more than one month, aiming at guiding students to grow up healthily in the patriotic movement. From June to August, he published "Anthology of Aesthetics" with a length of nearly 30,000 words, introducing the aesthetic thoughts of more than a dozen famous western scholars such as Plato, Kant, Fichte, Hegel and Hartman. It can be said that China was the first article to systematically introduce western aesthetic thoughts. This paper introduces the aesthetic viewpoint of Hartman, a great modern aesthete, with a length of 1/3, which fills the gap in the study of western aesthetic history in China.
From July 12 to the end of the same year, Yang Paoan took world theory as the general topic.
Yang Paoan praised Marx's Das Kapital as "the holy book of socialism" in his article "Socialism", and publicly pointed out that "the current social state is also a period when real workers rise up for reform." It can be seen that at this time, Yang Paoan has started to directly link Marxism with the revolutionary practice of transforming China society.
The longest and most important article in Yang Paoan's world theory is Marxism-scientific socialism. This article was published on 19191011to 12.4, and the release time was19 days. Almost at the same time as the second part of Li Dazhao's famous article My View on Marxism published in New Youth. This article is the earliest systematic introduction to Marxism in southern China. Together with Li Dazhao's My View on Marxism, it is one of the representative works of the early spread of Marxism in China. The article begins by saying: Since the birth of Marx, socialism has lost its brilliance in theory and practice. The book Das Kapital is regarded as a classic by laborers. However, the German Social Democratic Party went to Charles (editor's note: Lasalle) and belonged to Marx. Among modern socialist political parties, it is undoubtedly the most powerful one! Marx took historical materialism as the classics, revolutionary thought as the latitude, and observed the economic situation in Britain and France, forming a world outlook with economic content as the main content, which is why he is called a scientific socialist. From the publication of the 1848 * * * declaration to the publication of the first volume of Das Kapital in 1867, the trend of Marxism reached its peak in these twenty years, and its theory was also achieved at this time.
Here, Yang Paoan warmly praised and spoke highly of Marxism. With regard to Marx's historical materialism, he expounded the principle that the mode of production is the decisive force of social development, and the superstructure and economic base, relations of production and productivity must be adapted.
On Marx's theory of class struggle, Yang Paoan wrote:
Marx said that the origin of class competition is that after the land sharing system was broken, the economic structure was built on class opposition. The so-called stratum, that is, the stratum with opposite economic interests. The difference is that one party has the means of production such as land or capital, and the other party has no means of production such as land or capital; On the one hand, the plunderer was subdued, on the other hand, the predator was subdued.
Yang Paoan also introduced Marx's theory of "surplus labor and surplus value" in13 (editor's note: surplus value theory), exposing various methods and evils of capitalists plundering workers' surplus value; It is pointed out that the heavier the exploitation of capitalists, the more fierce the resistance of workers. "Once they rise up and gain state power, they will change the means of production to state-owned, get rid of the shackles of capitalists and restore everyone's economic freedom. This is the only way to solve social and economic contradictions, that is, the inevitable result of modern social and economic system, which will naturally happen according to the procedure of social evolution. " Yang Paoan finally asserted:
The horse's words have been tested! Today, European and American countries have realized that Boer Sevik cannot be swept away by force!
The publication of Marxism-Scientific Socialism marks the transformation of Yang Paoan from a revolutionary Democrat to a Marxist. As a pioneer in spreading Marxism in South China, his propaganda activities not only provided a new ideological weapon for the patriotic movement and the new culture movement in South China at that time, but also made ideological preparations for the establishment of the Guangdong organization in the future. Although his articles at that time were inevitably flawed, as the first Marxist propagandist in southern China during the May 4th Movement, his achievements will surely go down in history forever. 192 1 In the spring of, Guangdong established the * * * organization. Soon, Yang Paoan joined China through Tan Pingshan's introduction and became one of the early party member in Guangdong. After Yang Paoan joined the Party, his hometown Yangjiaci became the activity stronghold of the Party, and many early meetings of the Party were held here. He and Yang also held a pinyin training class in Yangjiaci to cooperate with the Party's activities.
At this time, Yang Paoan has left the citizen middle school. Guangdong China News was also blocked by Chen Jiongming. Introduced by Chen Danian, an old friend of the press and a famous lawyer, he was transferred to Nanwu Middle School and Class A Industrial School to teach. The student movements in Nanwu and Jiagong are very active, especially Jiagong, which has been the pillar of the student movement in Guangzhou since the May 4th Movement. Later, the famous revolutionary martyrs Ruan Xiaoxian, Liu Ersong and Zhou Wenyong all came from this school. Zhou Wenyong is also a student in Yang Paoan.
1On February 26th, 922, Guangdong Communist Youth League founded Youth Weekly, and Yang Paoan wrote the inaugural manifesto with the signature of "ㄢ". Xi", publicly declaring to readers that "we are most obedient to Marxism" because it "can explain the purely economic and purely mechanical process of the collapse of the capital system" and "shows us the practical road to socialism". The most commendable thing is that this short "Declaration" initially linked Marxism with China's national conditions, and clearly put forward that our revolution "pays special attention to the peasant movement" in addition to the workers' movement, because "China is an agricultural country, and most of its production comes from the blood and sweat of farmers". At the same time, we call on students, women and the army to join hands with youth league members to make a common revolution, and call on China soldiers to learn from the example of the Soviet Red Army.
In March and April of the same year, Yang Paoan published a long essay "On Marxism" in the 3rd to 7th issues of Youth Weekly, which introduced the three components of Marxism in vernacular, which was more concise, accurate and vivid than the article "Marxism-a Scientific Socialism" written by 19 19. At this time, the China Socialist Youth League has been reorganized, and its articles of association stipulate that "the China Socialist Youth League is a group that believes in Marxism". Driven by the party organization's active propaganda of Marxism, the enthusiasm of Guangdong youth to learn revolutionary theory is rapidly rising. On the basis of youth league members, they organized the "Guangdong Symposium on Socialism" with the purpose of "discussing Marxism and various issues about Marxism and how to apply it to China". Yang Paoan's article adapted to the learning needs of young people and was warmly welcomed.
At this time, Guangdong warlord Chen Jiongming has publicly betrayed Sun Yat-sen and persecuted revolutionaries. The Communist Youth League activities went underground, and Ruan Xiaoxian, secretary of the Guangdong Youth League Committee, was forced to transfer to other places, and Yang Paoan acted as the secretary of the Youth League Committee. 1923 In May, the Guangdong Youth League Committee was changed, and Yang Paoan was elected as the alternate executive committee. During this period, he was introduced by Yang Yin and became the editorial director of Guangzhou Branch of Yuehan Railway Bureau. He used this legal status to go deep into the workers and carry out the party's work. He and Yang Yin recruited a group of railway workers to join the Party. 1at the end of 922, he opened a "Beijiang Commercial Transportation Bureau" in Huangsha to carry passengers and goods, and escorted them by Yunnan Army to cover the activities of the Party among workers in Yuehan Road and raise money for the Party. Through the efforts of others, the Party branch of Guang Guang Jiu Yue Han San Railway was gradually established, and Yang successively served as Party branch secretary. 1923 in June, the Communist Party of China (CPC) held the third national congress in Guangzhou, and formally decided to cooperate with the Kuomintang. On June+10, 5438, Tan Pingshan and others were sent to participate in the temporary Central Committee of the Kuomintang, and then Tan Pingshan and Yang Paoan were sent as deputy secretaries of communist party's leading party group in the Kuomintang to unify the speeches and actions of the members and youth league members attending the Kuomintang meeting. Since then, Yang Paoan has mainly turned to the party's United front work.
The reorganization of the Kuomintang began on June 1923 and ended on June 10, with the Guangzhou Party Department as the pilot. Yang Paoan, Ruan Xiaoxian and a large number of * * * members actively participated in the pilot work. After the reorganization, Yang Paoan was elected as the executive member and secretary of the 10 Division. At that time, the organizational form of the Kuomintang studied Soviet Russia, and the executive Committee did not have a fixed chairman; The secretary is in charge of the daily meeting.
1924 65438+ 10 In October, Sun Yat-sen held the first national congress of the Chinese Kuomintang in Guangzhou. After the meeting, Tan Pingshan, a member of * *, was elected as Minister of Organization Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, Minister of Farmers' Department, Minister of Organization Department and Minister of Farmers' Department. The Organization Department of the Central Committee not only sent personnel to various states, regions, provinces and cities to carry out the reorganization of the Kuomintang, but also took charge of the party affairs of the army, government agencies, schools, enterprises, overseas and counties and cities in Guangdong. The work was very busy. After Tan Pingshan served as the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, the daily work of the Central Organization Department was actually presided over by Yang Paoan.
1In the autumn of 924, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, and Yang Paoan served as the supervisory committee, working with Chen Yannian and Zhou Enlai. They often held meetings in Yangjiake. In June 5438+in the same year 10, Sun Yat-sen organized a revolutionary committee to suppress the rebellion of the Guangzhou business group, and appointed Liao and Tan Pingshan as plenipotentiaries. Yang Paoan also participated in the work of the Revolutionary Committee. 165438+ 10, Tan Pingshan left her job for several months because of attending an international conference. The Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee decided that Yang Paoan was the Acting Minister of the Organization Department of the Central Committee.
Yang Paoan occupies an important position in the Kuomintang, so it is inevitable that relatives and friends will come to apply for a job, and some even brought gifts. Yang Paoan adheres to the principle of meritocracy, is honest and upright, never practices favoritism and does not accept any gifts. Zhou Enlai spoke highly of Yang Paoan's "honest officials and poor families". Many years after Yang's death, he mentioned it many times to educate his comrades.
1925 In March, Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing. Yang Paoan and others, in the name of the Kuomintang Central Committee, held a memorial meeting attended by more than 1000 Kuomintang party member. It was announced at the meeting that 500,000 party member vowed to fight to the end to inherit Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary legacy. After February, the May 30th anti-imperialist patriotic movement broke out in Shanghai. Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan warlords Yang Ximin and Liu Zhenhuan colluded with the armed rebellion of Hong Kong imperialism. On June 1925 and 12, the revolutionary government moved eastward to Guangzhou, defeating Yang, Liu and other insurgents. On the second day after the railway workers' strike was launched, Deng Zhongxia, as the representative, went to Hong Kong with Liao, Minister of Finance of the Revolutionary Government and Minister of Agriculture and Industry of the Kuomintang Central Committee, and together with Su and Yang Yin, mobilized workers to respond to the May 30th strike in Shanghai.
At that time, there were more than 130 trade unions in Hong Kong, with many factions and complicated situations, and few of them were influenced by the Communist Party of China (CPC). They are worried about the strike. Yang Paoan, as the representative of Liao Finance Minister, ensured that the government was responsible for solving the problems of accommodation and transportation after the strikers returned to the province, which effectively eliminated the concerns of workers and made the trade unions issue strike orders one after another.
On June 23, British and French imperialist sailors patrolling Shamian, Guangzhou, fired at our patriotic mass parade, causing hundreds of casualties in Shaji tragedy. This further aroused the indignation of Hong Kong workers, who ignored the martial law of the Hong Kong government's military and police, risked their lives, broke through the blockade and returned to Guangzhou in large numbers. The Hong Kong authorities sent police detectives to search for the "instigators" of the strike. /kloc-0 On the evening of July 30th, 2000, Yang Paoan was unfortunately arrested and imprisoned for 50 days. The Hong Kong imperialists could not find any evidence that he "instigated the industrial strike" and had to be "deported". The official publication of the Provincial and Port Strike Committee, The Road of Workers, is framed with Chinese characters No.3, and the special news of "Welcome Mr. Yang Paoan out of prison" is released. On August 25th, the Provincial and Port Strike Committee set up a flower archway in the Provincial Education Association and held a meeting to welcome the Russian Federation of Trade Unions' delegation to China and Yang Paoan to be released from prison. At that time, Yang Paoan did not attend the meeting. He thinks it is right to warmly welcome international friends. As for himself, working for the revolution and even sacrificing himself is the duty of * * * people and should not accept such a grand welcome. Besides, Liao has just been stabbed and sacrificed, and the real culprit has not yet been obtained. Many important things are waiting for him to do It was not until the 27th of the same month that he attended the congress of striking workers in provinces and ports. More than 800 workers' representatives stood up and bowed to him. In his speech, he made no mention of the pain in prison after his arrest, only stressed that "today is not the time for empty talk, we can only struggle!" " He frankly criticized the shortcomings of Hong Kong trade unions during the strike, earnestly asked everyone to learn the advantages of European red trade unions' unity in order to improve the fighting capacity of trade unions, and expressed great indignation at Liao's murder, demanding that workers inherit Mr. Liao's legacy and fight imperialism to the end. In September, the provincial and Hong Kong workers' congress passed a resolution to hire Yang Paoan as a consultant; Soon after, he was hired as the honorary principal of the Propaganda School of the Hong Kong Strike Workers' Union. During this period, in order to find out the truth of Liao's assassination and punish the murderer, the revolutionary government set up a special Committee and a special court to hear Liao's case, with He Li as the judge to try the criminals. 1925, 1 1 In June, the first Kuomintang Guangdong Provincial Congress was held in Guangzhou, and the Guangdong Provincial Party Department was formally established. Yang Paoan was elected as one of the three members of the Standing Committee and Minister of Organization. Then the revolutionary government made two expeditions to the east and south and unified Guangdong Province. Under the guidance and suggestion of Yang Paoan, the Guangdong Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang appointed Zhou Enlai, director of the General Political Department of the Eastern Expedition Army, as the director of the Dongjiang Party Organization. At the same time, there are four special committees under the Provincial Party Committee, including Peng Pai, Deng, Pan Zhaoluan and Xiao Peng Soul. Thanks to the active work of Yang Paoan and others, the Kuomintang's party affairs in Guangdong have developed rapidly. By 1926, the population of party member had surged from 1000 to more than 48,000. The vast majority of new party member are workers, peasants and students, thus changing the social foundation of the Kuomintang with overseas Chinese as its pillar in the past.
1926 65438+ 10, the Kuomintang held its second national congress in Guangzhou, and Yang Paoan was elected as the executive member of the Central Committee and one of the nine standing committees of the Central Committee. Together with the Standing Committee members Tan Pingshan and Lin, they formed the Secretariat to handle the daily affairs of the Kuomintang Central Committee. At this point, Yang Paoan is still the Kuomintang Central Organization Department Minister, Guangdong Provincial Party Committee Standing Committee and Organization Minister.
While the revolutionary situation was developing in depth, Chiang Kai-shek created the "Zhongshan Ship Incident" on March 20th, forcing * * * members to withdraw from the First Army, and then put forward the so-called "sorting out the party affairs case" in May of 15, stipulating that * * * people were not allowed to serve as the central minister of the Kuomintang. Because of Chen Duxiu's compromise and concession policy towards Chiang Kai-shek, Tan Pingshan and Yang Paoan were forced to resign as the organizational director and secretary of the Kuomintang Central Committee.
1July, 926, after the Northern Expedition began, Yang Paoan stayed in Guangzhou to preside over the work of the Guangdong Provincial Party Department of the Kuomintang.
With the victory of the Northern Expedition, the National Government moved to Wuhan. At the beginning of 1927, the Kuomintang authorities in Guangzhou adopted the method of delineation and reorganized the Party Department of Guangdong Province, so that the new right gained an overwhelming advantage.
1927, at the end of March, Yang Quan left Guangzhou with Tan Pingshan and the Comintern Dai Yi, and arrived in Wuhan in early April. At that time, the * * * people in Wuhan and the Kuomintang leftists were fighting against Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to move the capital to Nanchang and control the Kuomintang Central Committee and the National Government. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai. On the same day, members of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Yang Paoan and Wuhan jointly published a petition to Chiang Kai-shek in the Republic of China Daily in Hankou, pointing out that Chiang Kai-shek openly betrayed the revolution and called on the people of the whole country to "be a traitor to the Prime Minister, a scum of our party and a thief of the people".
In April of the same year, Yang Paoan attended the Fifth National Congress of China held in Hankou and was elected as a member of the Central Supervision Commission. Subsequently, according to the resolution of the Kuomintang Central Committee, Jiang and Jiang (director of Wuhan Public Security Bureau) set up an office of the Kuomintang Party Department in Han, which was responsible for receiving and contacting the revolutionary comrades of Fujian and Guangdong who were exiled in Wuhan because of the oppression of reactionaries. During his stay in Wuhan, Yang Paoan also served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Compatriots Relief Association organized by the Kuomintang Central Committee, and also served as a member of the Committee of the Director-General of the China Economic Relief Association, and did a lot of work to help persecuted comrades. At the critical moment of the revolution, Wang Jingwei launched the "July 15th" counter-revolutionary coup in Wuhan. In order to save the revolution, the people led the "August 1st" Nanchang Uprising. On the same day, 22 people, including Soong Ching Ling, published the Central Declaration in the Republic of China Daily, denouncing Jiang and Wang's counter-revolutionary crimes. On August 7th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the "August 7th" emergency meeting in Hankou, and Yang Paoan attended the famous meeting.
After the "August 7th" meeting, Yang Paoan returned to the south, running between Guangzhou, Hongkong and Macau, and doing United front work with the Zhang Fakui Department of the Fourth Army, but the negotiations failed. 165438+ 10, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China * * *, who made a "left" mistake, practiced punishment. A large number of comrades, including Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, were punished. Yang Paoan was disqualified as a member of the Central Supervision Commission, and was punished by staying in the Party for observation. Tan Pingshan was expelled from the Party for organizing a third party. At this time, there are rumors that Tan Pingshan listed Yang Paoan as one of the founders when he organized the third party. In order to clarify the facts, Yang Paoan published the so-called third party in February 1928 in the issue 17 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China organ newspaper Bohr Sevik, admitting the absurdity of the rumor. This article highly reflects Yang Paoan's revolutionary feelings of loyalty to the Party after the failure of the Great Revolution and the rejection and blow of * *' s "Left" mistakes. His analysis and criticism of Tan Pingshan's mistakes in organizing the third party were serious, convincing others by reasoning, seeking truth from facts and being kind to others, unlike some people who made "Left" mistakes and regarded them as enemies.
After the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising, Yang Paoan went to Nanyang to work for the Party. Through the relationship between Hong Kong and Macao folks, he took a boat to Singapore and moved to the tomb of Geelong. In Singapore, he sent back two poems to his cousin Huo Zhipeng in Shanghai. The original poem is as follows:
1 1 month, hoping to rule Zhouxingjiapo Port.
Looking back at my hometown, the clouds are deep and the blade is lost in Wan Li.
You can sit and lie down for the rest of your life and ask about the future with peace of mind.
There are dream fans in Jiangnan. Who can distinguish the elegant voice overseas?
Laughing at myself that I am lonely and bitter, full of moonlight.
Send Xiaomei
When you go to the country for six thousand miles, your heart grows with the clouds.
Flee to the territory and ask the forbidden country.
Can't kinetic energy return to your will? We must not forget the loyalty of the public.
Acacia dreams, the moonlight is full of sandalwood.
When he was in exile in a foreign country, Yang Paoan, who was wrongly sentenced, still remembered "loyalty to the public", which fully demonstrated his infinite loyalty to the party, the people and the motherland. From 65438 to 0929, Yang Paoan returned to Shanghai, stayed in the CPC Central Committee, and participated in the party's newspaper publishing. His family is also arranged by the party to live in the party's printing house or traffic organ to cover the party's activities. In his spare time, he is actively engaged in editing. He consulted the lecture notes of Oriental Labor University and Sun Yat-sen University brought back by his comrades from the Soviet Union, compiled an Outline of Western History with more than 200,000 words, signed by Wang Chunyi, and published it in Shanghai Nanqiang Bookstore. This is the earliest western history book written by China with Marxist historical materialism. It not only systematically describes the bourgeois revolution in western European countries, but also makes a special chapter on the Paris Commune, the First International and the Second International. At that time, it was a rare reading material for studying western history and international communist movement in China and was warmly welcomed by readers. After Yang Paoan's sacrifice, this book was reprinted five times, up to 1936.
During the period of 1930, Yang Paoan was unfortunately arrested and detained in Tilanqiao prison for 8 months because the party's printing organ was destroyed by the enemy. He was released by the party because he didn't reveal his identity. After he was released from prison, he continued to work in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Soon, he was transferred to the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Peasant Movement Committee as the vice minister of the Agriculture Committee and the Ministry of Agriculture. In June this year, he translated the "Land Rent Theory" written by Lenin and Rabidus, and submitted it to Nanqiang Bookstore for publication. Signed by Wang Chunyi, the book has 670,000 words. This paper discusses how to deal with the problem of land rent in western capitalist countries and socialist Soviet Union after eliminating feudal land rent and capitalist land rent, which is of great reference significance to the revolutionary base areas where the agrarian revolution was going on at that time. This year, Yang Paoan and Ruan Xiaoxian also taught in the training class for cadres held by the CPC Central Committee in the name of China Freemasonry, and engaged in the work of cultivating Party cadres.
In Shanghai, where white terror is extremely serious, the party's funds are very difficult. Yang Paoan's family has a large population and life is extremely difficult. Two of the seven children died because they had no money for treatment. He has lung disease himself, and his wife is in poor health. In order to make up for his family, he not only stepped up his writing and translation at night, but also helped his family make rice cakes the next morning for his mother and children to sell in the street. His family has few elders, and he often sends messages and keeps the party. 193 1 In the summer of, Luo Qiyuan, director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, was tipped off by the traitor Chiang Kai-shek because of his life style, resulting in the arrest of 16 people including Yang Paoan. At that time, Yang Paoan's family lived at No.2048, Dongyouheng Road (now Yuhang East Road), a public concession in Shanghai. In the early morning of July 25th, a group of Kuomintang detectives and police officers from the public concession rushed into the Yang family's attic, dragged Yang Paoan, who was suffering from lung disease, out of bed and held him in Huishan's prisoner room first. In a couple of days, they were led to the Kuomintang's two battles in garrison headquarters. Because Yang Paoan was a member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, he had a great influence. Chiang Kai-shek sent people to surrender several times and was severely reprimanded by the gods. When the enemy threatened to die, Yang Paoan replied categorically: "Since I joined the revolution, I have long put my life and death at risk. You can die, but you can't defect! " All the prisoners in the prison were deeply moved by Yang Paoan's heart of stone, and even some guarded Kuomintang soldiers praised Yang Paoan as an "iron man". Soon, Yang Paoan was transferred to Longhua Detention Center in garrison headquarters, Songhu. He asked someone to take out a letter to his family, saying that he was bound to die for the revolution, warning them not to accept any financial support from anyone he didn't know, and if they really couldn't survive, they would go back to their hometown, especially telling them not to sell the sewing machine, because it was the support of the whole family's future life.
In prison, Yang Paoan was not only loyal to the Party, but also often educated comrades in prison with the integrity that revolutionaries should have. A famous poem of righteousness written by him after his arrest is the best portrayal. This poem is:
Get on the bus generously, and the photo will be complete.
Without love for the disabled, the enemy is now.
Zhi Zhi was poor in James Zhang, but he laughed at Chu Yuan.
Farewell from now on, don't look at each other!
This just poem fully shows Yang Paoan's lofty revolutionary spirit. Although he was in prison, he remained indomitable. He also borrowed historical allusions to educate a revolutionary to learn from respected James Zhang and not to be a shameful traitor Chu Yuan who was reviled. This poem has also become a valuable spiritual legacy left by Yang Paoan to future generations. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Zhou Enlai used this poem to encourage his comrades in Chongqing many times. In the arduous and complicated revolutionary struggle environment, he should be as loyal to the Party and the people as Yang Paoan, and have the courage to devote himself to the revolution.
193 1 One night in August, Yang Paoan was secretly shot by Kuomintang reactionaries in the wasteland of Songhu garrison headquarters at the age of 35. His revolutionary achievements and immortal poems will always inspire the people of China to forge ahead and forge ahead for the great cause of socialism and communism!