The United States began to trade with China at the end of 18, and was originally called Citigroup because of its fancy stars and stripes. America is the Japanese name of America.

Britain was called English from the beginning, but one word was added to all three words (a common practice at that time). In the eyes of the Qing rulers, barbarians were like beasts with big mouths open.

In France, there are different spellings, such as "Francie" and "Francesca".

Germany, China called Prussia "the country of cloth" before reunification, and fixed the name of Germany after reunification.

Russian, translated into Luo Cha in the early Qing Dynasty (I think it is the most exquisite translation, with sound and meaning in place, revealing its essence).

Italy, in the Ming Dynasty, Matteo Ricci was called "Tessie", which was later written as "Italy".

Austria was translated into Osmanaga in the late Qing Dynasty, and its origin is unknown. The transliteration of the current translated names in Austria is obviously French, with early colors (that is, syllables are still simple, aspirated but not aspirated, and similar vowels are not carefully distinguished), which is not only very different from the original German, but also inaccurate in French pronunciation.